TY  - JOUR
AU  - Račić, Andjelka
AU  - Čalija, Bojan
AU  - Milić, Jela
AU  - Jurišić Dukovski, Bisera
AU  - Lovrić, Jasmina
AU  - Dobričić, Vladimir
AU  - Micov, Ana
AU  - Vuković, Milja
AU  - Stepanović-Petrović, Radica
AU  - Krajišnik, Danina
PY  - 2021
UR  - https://farfar.pharmacy.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/3938
AB  - The aim of this work was the formulation and the comprehensive evaluation of the viscous eye drops using vehicles containing medium chain chitosan (0.5% w/v), hydroxypropyl guar gum (0.25% w/v) and their com-bination as carriers for olopatadine (0.1% w/v). Physicochemical properties (appearance, clarity, pH, osmolality, viscosity and drug content) of the tested formulations were within acceptable ranges for the ophthalmic prep-arations, while DSC and FT-IR techniques demonstrated the compatibility between olopatadine and polymers. The drug permeability was successfully estimated in vitro using both HCE-T cell-based models (Model I and Model II) and the parallel artificial membrane permeability assay (PAMPA), considering the impact of chitosan as a permeation enhancer. The MTT cytotoxicity assay demonstrates that the tested formulations (diluted 10-fold in HBSS pH 5.5) were non-toxic and well tolerated. An ocular itch test on mice was carried out with the formulation containing the combination of polymers comparable with a commercially available olopatadine eye drops without viscosity enhancers. The tested eye drops produced a slightly higher anti-pruritic/analgesic-like effect than the commercial preparation. It could be assumed that the use of this viscous ophthalmic vehicle due to its advanced mucoadhesive properties and good safety profile is a feasible strategy to improve the efficacy of olopatadine.
PB  - Elsevier B.V.
T2  - European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
T1  - Formulation of olopatadine hydrochloride viscous eye drops – physicochemical, biopharmaceutical and efficacy assessment using in vitro and in vivo approaches
VL  - 166
DO  - 10.1016/j.ejps.2021.105906
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Račić, Andjelka and Čalija, Bojan and Milić, Jela and Jurišić Dukovski, Bisera and Lovrić, Jasmina and Dobričić, Vladimir and Micov, Ana and Vuković, Milja and Stepanović-Petrović, Radica and Krajišnik, Danina",
year = "2021",
abstract = "The aim of this work was the formulation and the comprehensive evaluation of the viscous eye drops using vehicles containing medium chain chitosan (0.5% w/v), hydroxypropyl guar gum (0.25% w/v) and their com-bination as carriers for olopatadine (0.1% w/v). Physicochemical properties (appearance, clarity, pH, osmolality, viscosity and drug content) of the tested formulations were within acceptable ranges for the ophthalmic prep-arations, while DSC and FT-IR techniques demonstrated the compatibility between olopatadine and polymers. The drug permeability was successfully estimated in vitro using both HCE-T cell-based models (Model I and Model II) and the parallel artificial membrane permeability assay (PAMPA), considering the impact of chitosan as a permeation enhancer. The MTT cytotoxicity assay demonstrates that the tested formulations (diluted 10-fold in HBSS pH 5.5) were non-toxic and well tolerated. An ocular itch test on mice was carried out with the formulation containing the combination of polymers comparable with a commercially available olopatadine eye drops without viscosity enhancers. The tested eye drops produced a slightly higher anti-pruritic/analgesic-like effect than the commercial preparation. It could be assumed that the use of this viscous ophthalmic vehicle due to its advanced mucoadhesive properties and good safety profile is a feasible strategy to improve the efficacy of olopatadine.",
publisher = "Elsevier B.V.",
journal = "European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences",
title = "Formulation of olopatadine hydrochloride viscous eye drops – physicochemical, biopharmaceutical and efficacy assessment using in vitro and in vivo approaches",
volume = "166",
doi = "10.1016/j.ejps.2021.105906"
}

Račić, A., Čalija, B., Milić, J., Jurišić Dukovski, B., Lovrić, J., Dobričić, V., Micov, A., Vuković, M., Stepanović-Petrović, R.,& Krajišnik, D.. (2021). Formulation of olopatadine hydrochloride viscous eye drops – physicochemical, biopharmaceutical and efficacy assessment using in vitro and in vivo approaches. in European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
Elsevier B.V.., 166.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejps.2021.105906

Račić A, Čalija B, Milić J, Jurišić Dukovski B, Lovrić J, Dobričić V, Micov A, Vuković M, Stepanović-Petrović R, Krajišnik D. Formulation of olopatadine hydrochloride viscous eye drops – physicochemical, biopharmaceutical and efficacy assessment using in vitro and in vivo approaches. in European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2021;166.
doi:10.1016/j.ejps.2021.105906 .

Račić, Andjelka, Čalija, Bojan, Milić, Jela, Jurišić Dukovski, Bisera, Lovrić, Jasmina, Dobričić, Vladimir, Micov, Ana, Vuković, Milja, Stepanović-Petrović, Radica, Krajišnik, Danina, "Formulation of olopatadine hydrochloride viscous eye drops – physicochemical, biopharmaceutical and efficacy assessment using in vitro and in vivo approaches" in European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 166 (2021),
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejps.2021.105906 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Todorović, Marija
AU  - Micov, Ana
AU  - Nastić, Katarina
AU  - Tomić, Maja
AU  - Pecikoza, Uroš
AU  - Vuković, Milja
AU  - Stepanović-Petrović, Radica
PY  - 2021
UR  - https://farfar.pharmacy.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/4009
AB  - Vortioxetine is a novel atypical antidepressant with multimodal activity that has recently demonstrated efficacy against neuropathic pain. There is no published data about its analgesic properties in models characterized by peripheral inflammation and consequent pain pathway sensitization, nor data on its mechanism of antinociceptive action. This study aimed to investigate vortioxetine's antinociceptive/antihyperalgesic effects in trigeminal, visceral, and somatic inflammatory pain models, and provide evidence on its mechanism of action in the modulation of trigeminal nociception. Vortioxetine's effects on the nociceptive behavior in orofacial formalin test (OFT) and acetic acid-writhing test in mice and on mechanical hyperalgesia in carrageenan-induced paw inflammation in rats were examined following peroral single administration. The involvement of serotonergic/adrenergic/cholinergic/cannabinoid/adenosine receptors was evaluated in OFT by intraperitoneally treating mice with an appropriate antagonist immediately after vortioxetine application. We used antagonists of 5-HT1B/1D serotonergic (GR 127935), α1-adrenergic (prazosin), α2-adrenergic (yohimbine), β1-adrenergic (metoprolol), muscarinic (atropine), α7 nicotinic (methyllycaconitine), CB1/CB2 cannabinoid (AM251 and AM630), and adenosine A1 (DPCPX) receptors. Vortioxetine dose-dependently reduced pain behavior in OFT and acetic acid writhing test, as well as inflammatory hyperalgesia in paw pressure test. All examined antagonists except prazosin dose-dependently inhibited vortioxetine's antinociceptive effects. In conclusion, vortioxetine exerted analgesic efficacy in trigeminal, visceral, and somatic inflammatory pain. The effect is at least in part mediated by 5-HT1B/1D serotonergic, α2/β1-adrenergic, muscarinic and nicotinic cholinergic, CB1/CB2 cannabinoid, and adenosine A1 receptors. These findings contribute to better understanding of the analgesic effect of vortioxetine and suggest its potential usefulness for inflammatory pain treatment.
PB  - John Wiley and Sons Inc
T2  - Fundamental and Clinical Pharmacology
T1  - Vortioxetine as an analgesic in preclinical inflammatory pain models: Mechanism of action
VL  - 36
IS  - 2
SP  - 237
EP  - 249
DO  - 10.1111/fcp.12737
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Todorović, Marija and Micov, Ana and Nastić, Katarina and Tomić, Maja and Pecikoza, Uroš and Vuković, Milja and Stepanović-Petrović, Radica",
year = "2021",
abstract = "Vortioxetine is a novel atypical antidepressant with multimodal activity that has recently demonstrated efficacy against neuropathic pain. There is no published data about its analgesic properties in models characterized by peripheral inflammation and consequent pain pathway sensitization, nor data on its mechanism of antinociceptive action. This study aimed to investigate vortioxetine's antinociceptive/antihyperalgesic effects in trigeminal, visceral, and somatic inflammatory pain models, and provide evidence on its mechanism of action in the modulation of trigeminal nociception. Vortioxetine's effects on the nociceptive behavior in orofacial formalin test (OFT) and acetic acid-writhing test in mice and on mechanical hyperalgesia in carrageenan-induced paw inflammation in rats were examined following peroral single administration. The involvement of serotonergic/adrenergic/cholinergic/cannabinoid/adenosine receptors was evaluated in OFT by intraperitoneally treating mice with an appropriate antagonist immediately after vortioxetine application. We used antagonists of 5-HT1B/1D serotonergic (GR 127935), α1-adrenergic (prazosin), α2-adrenergic (yohimbine), β1-adrenergic (metoprolol), muscarinic (atropine), α7 nicotinic (methyllycaconitine), CB1/CB2 cannabinoid (AM251 and AM630), and adenosine A1 (DPCPX) receptors. Vortioxetine dose-dependently reduced pain behavior in OFT and acetic acid writhing test, as well as inflammatory hyperalgesia in paw pressure test. All examined antagonists except prazosin dose-dependently inhibited vortioxetine's antinociceptive effects. In conclusion, vortioxetine exerted analgesic efficacy in trigeminal, visceral, and somatic inflammatory pain. The effect is at least in part mediated by 5-HT1B/1D serotonergic, α2/β1-adrenergic, muscarinic and nicotinic cholinergic, CB1/CB2 cannabinoid, and adenosine A1 receptors. These findings contribute to better understanding of the analgesic effect of vortioxetine and suggest its potential usefulness for inflammatory pain treatment.",
publisher = "John Wiley and Sons Inc",
journal = "Fundamental and Clinical Pharmacology",
title = "Vortioxetine as an analgesic in preclinical inflammatory pain models: Mechanism of action",
volume = "36",
number = "2",
pages = "237-249",
doi = "10.1111/fcp.12737"
}

Todorović, M., Micov, A., Nastić, K., Tomić, M., Pecikoza, U., Vuković, M.,& Stepanović-Petrović, R.. (2021). Vortioxetine as an analgesic in preclinical inflammatory pain models: Mechanism of action. in Fundamental and Clinical Pharmacology
John Wiley and Sons Inc., 36(2), 237-249.
https://doi.org/10.1111/fcp.12737

Todorović M, Micov A, Nastić K, Tomić M, Pecikoza U, Vuković M, Stepanović-Petrović R. Vortioxetine as an analgesic in preclinical inflammatory pain models: Mechanism of action. in Fundamental and Clinical Pharmacology. 2021;36(2):237-249.
doi:10.1111/fcp.12737 .

Todorović, Marija, Micov, Ana, Nastić, Katarina, Tomić, Maja, Pecikoza, Uroš, Vuković, Milja, Stepanović-Petrović, Radica, "Vortioxetine as an analgesic in preclinical inflammatory pain models: Mechanism of action" in Fundamental and Clinical Pharmacology, 36, no. 2 (2021):237-249,
https://doi.org/10.1111/fcp.12737 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Micov, Ana
AU  - Tomić, Maja
AU  - Todorović, Marija B.
AU  - Vuković, Milja
AU  - Pecikoza, Uroš
AU  - Jasnić, Nebojša
AU  - Đorđević, Jelena D.
AU  - Stepanović-Petrović, Radica
PY  - 2020
UR  - https://farfar.pharmacy.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/3600
AB  - Chronic pain and depression commonly occur together so dual-acting agents might be particularly useful. The population of patients with chemotherapy-induced neuropathy is increasing in parallel with the increase of population of cancer survivors and there is a compelling need for satisfactory treatment of symptoms of neuropathy and concomitant depression. We examined the effects of vortioxetine, a novel antidepressant with unique mechanism of action, on pain hypersensitivity and depression-like behavior in oxaliplatin-induced neuropathy model in mice (OIPN). Vortioxetine (1–10 mg/kg, p.o.) significantly and dose-dependently reduced mechanical allodynia in von Frey test and cold allodynia in acetone test in OIPN mice, in both repeated prophylactic and acute therapeutic treatment regimens. It also reduced depression-like behavior in the forced swimming test in OIPN mice, in both treatment paradigms. Its antiallodynic and antidepressive-like effects were comparable to those exerted by duloxetine (1–15 mg/kg, p.o.). The antiallodynic and antidepressive-like effects of repeatedly administered vortioxetine might be related to the increased content of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5- HT) and noradrenaline (NA), detected in the brainstem of treated OIPN mice. These results indicate that vortioxetine could be potentially useful in prevention and treatment of chemotherapy-induced neuropathy, for the relief of pain and concomitant depressive symptoms. It should be further tested to this regard in clinical settings.
PB  - Elsevier
T2  - Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry
T1  - Vortioxetine reduces pain hypersensitivity and associated depression-like behavior in mice with oxaliplatin-induced neuropathy
VL  - 103
DO  - 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.109975
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Micov, Ana and Tomić, Maja and Todorović, Marija B. and Vuković, Milja and Pecikoza, Uroš and Jasnić, Nebojša and Đorđević, Jelena D. and Stepanović-Petrović, Radica",
year = "2020",
abstract = "Chronic pain and depression commonly occur together so dual-acting agents might be particularly useful. The population of patients with chemotherapy-induced neuropathy is increasing in parallel with the increase of population of cancer survivors and there is a compelling need for satisfactory treatment of symptoms of neuropathy and concomitant depression. We examined the effects of vortioxetine, a novel antidepressant with unique mechanism of action, on pain hypersensitivity and depression-like behavior in oxaliplatin-induced neuropathy model in mice (OIPN). Vortioxetine (1–10 mg/kg, p.o.) significantly and dose-dependently reduced mechanical allodynia in von Frey test and cold allodynia in acetone test in OIPN mice, in both repeated prophylactic and acute therapeutic treatment regimens. It also reduced depression-like behavior in the forced swimming test in OIPN mice, in both treatment paradigms. Its antiallodynic and antidepressive-like effects were comparable to those exerted by duloxetine (1–15 mg/kg, p.o.). The antiallodynic and antidepressive-like effects of repeatedly administered vortioxetine might be related to the increased content of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5- HT) and noradrenaline (NA), detected in the brainstem of treated OIPN mice. These results indicate that vortioxetine could be potentially useful in prevention and treatment of chemotherapy-induced neuropathy, for the relief of pain and concomitant depressive symptoms. It should be further tested to this regard in clinical settings.",
publisher = "Elsevier",
journal = "Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry",
title = "Vortioxetine reduces pain hypersensitivity and associated depression-like behavior in mice with oxaliplatin-induced neuropathy",
volume = "103",
doi = "10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.109975"
}

Micov, A., Tomić, M., Todorović, M. B., Vuković, M., Pecikoza, U., Jasnić, N., Đorđević, J. D.,& Stepanović-Petrović, R.. (2020). Vortioxetine reduces pain hypersensitivity and associated depression-like behavior in mice with oxaliplatin-induced neuropathy. in Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry
Elsevier., 103.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.109975

Micov A, Tomić M, Todorović MB, Vuković M, Pecikoza U, Jasnić N, Đorđević JD, Stepanović-Petrović R. Vortioxetine reduces pain hypersensitivity and associated depression-like behavior in mice with oxaliplatin-induced neuropathy. in Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry. 2020;103.
doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.109975 .

Micov, Ana, Tomić, Maja, Todorović, Marija B., Vuković, Milja, Pecikoza, Uroš, Jasnić, Nebojša, Đorđević, Jelena D., Stepanović-Petrović, Radica, "Vortioxetine reduces pain hypersensitivity and associated depression-like behavior in mice with oxaliplatin-induced neuropathy" in Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry, 103 (2020),
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.109975 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Pecikoza, Uroš
AU  - Tomić, Maja
AU  - Micov, Ana
AU  - Vuković, Milja
AU  - Stepanović-Petrović, Radica
PY  - 2020
UR  - https://farfar.pharmacy.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/3547
AB  - Rationale: Acute pain states in the trigeminal region (headaches, dental pain) fall into the most prevalent painful conditions. Standard analgesics (paracetamol/NSAIDs) represent the cornerstone of their treatment, whereas triptans are primarily used in migraine attacks. Due to limited efficacy and/or side effects of current treatments, identifying favorable combinations of available drugs is justified. Objectives: Eslicarbazepine acetate (ESL) is a novel antiepileptic drug whose effectiveness against trigeminal pain was recently demonstrated. Here, we examined the interactions between ESL and several standard/alternative analgesics (paracetamol, propyphenazone, naproxen, zolmitriptan, and metoclopramide) in a model of trigeminal pain. Methods: The antinociceptive effects of orally administered ESL, standard/alternative analgesics, and two-drug ESL-analgesic combinations were examined in the orofacial formalin test in mice. The type of interaction between drugs was determined by isobolographic analysis. Results: ESL, analgesics, and two-drug ESL-analgesic combinations significantly and dose-dependently reduced nociceptive behaviour in the second, inflammatory phase of the test. Isobolographic analysis revealed that ESL interacted additively with paracetamol/propyphenazone/zolmitriptan and synergistically with naproxen/metoclopramide (with about a 4-fold and 3-fold reduction of doses in the ESL-naproxen and ESL-metoclopramide combination, respectively). Conclusions: ESL interacted in a beneficial manner with several analgesics that are used for trigeminal pain treatment, producing synergistic interactions with naproxen/metoclopramide and additive interactions with paracetamol/propyphenazone/zolmitriptan. Our results suggest that combining ESL with analgesics could theoretically enable the use of lower doses of individual drugs for achieving pain relief.
PB  - Springer Nature
T2  - Psychopharmacology
T1  - Eslicarbazepine acetate interacts in a beneficial manner with standard and alternative analgesics to reduce trigeminal nociception
VL  - 237
IS  - 5
SP  - 1435
EP  - 1446
DO  - 10.1007/s00213-020-05470-7
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Pecikoza, Uroš and Tomić, Maja and Micov, Ana and Vuković, Milja and Stepanović-Petrović, Radica",
year = "2020",
abstract = "Rationale: Acute pain states in the trigeminal region (headaches, dental pain) fall into the most prevalent painful conditions. Standard analgesics (paracetamol/NSAIDs) represent the cornerstone of their treatment, whereas triptans are primarily used in migraine attacks. Due to limited efficacy and/or side effects of current treatments, identifying favorable combinations of available drugs is justified. Objectives: Eslicarbazepine acetate (ESL) is a novel antiepileptic drug whose effectiveness against trigeminal pain was recently demonstrated. Here, we examined the interactions between ESL and several standard/alternative analgesics (paracetamol, propyphenazone, naproxen, zolmitriptan, and metoclopramide) in a model of trigeminal pain. Methods: The antinociceptive effects of orally administered ESL, standard/alternative analgesics, and two-drug ESL-analgesic combinations were examined in the orofacial formalin test in mice. The type of interaction between drugs was determined by isobolographic analysis. Results: ESL, analgesics, and two-drug ESL-analgesic combinations significantly and dose-dependently reduced nociceptive behaviour in the second, inflammatory phase of the test. Isobolographic analysis revealed that ESL interacted additively with paracetamol/propyphenazone/zolmitriptan and synergistically with naproxen/metoclopramide (with about a 4-fold and 3-fold reduction of doses in the ESL-naproxen and ESL-metoclopramide combination, respectively). Conclusions: ESL interacted in a beneficial manner with several analgesics that are used for trigeminal pain treatment, producing synergistic interactions with naproxen/metoclopramide and additive interactions with paracetamol/propyphenazone/zolmitriptan. Our results suggest that combining ESL with analgesics could theoretically enable the use of lower doses of individual drugs for achieving pain relief.",
publisher = "Springer Nature",
journal = "Psychopharmacology",
title = "Eslicarbazepine acetate interacts in a beneficial manner with standard and alternative analgesics to reduce trigeminal nociception",
volume = "237",
number = "5",
pages = "1435-1446",
doi = "10.1007/s00213-020-05470-7"
}

Pecikoza, U., Tomić, M., Micov, A., Vuković, M.,& Stepanović-Petrović, R.. (2020). Eslicarbazepine acetate interacts in a beneficial manner with standard and alternative analgesics to reduce trigeminal nociception. in Psychopharmacology
Springer Nature., 237(5), 1435-1446.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-020-05470-7

Pecikoza U, Tomić M, Micov A, Vuković M, Stepanović-Petrović R. Eslicarbazepine acetate interacts in a beneficial manner with standard and alternative analgesics to reduce trigeminal nociception. in Psychopharmacology. 2020;237(5):1435-1446.
doi:10.1007/s00213-020-05470-7 .

Pecikoza, Uroš, Tomić, Maja, Micov, Ana, Vuković, Milja, Stepanović-Petrović, Radica, "Eslicarbazepine acetate interacts in a beneficial manner with standard and alternative analgesics to reduce trigeminal nociception" in Psychopharmacology, 237, no. 5 (2020):1435-1446,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-020-05470-7 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Pecikoza, Uroš
AU  - Tomić, Maja
AU  - Micov, Ana
AU  - Vuković, Milja
AU  - Stepanović-Petrović, Radica
PY  - 2020
UR  - https://farfar.pharmacy.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/3546
AB  - Rationale: Acute pain states in the trigeminal region (headaches, dental pain) fall into the most prevalent painful conditions. Standard analgesics (paracetamol/NSAIDs) represent the cornerstone of their treatment, whereas triptans are primarily used in migraine attacks. Due to limited efficacy and/or side effects of current treatments, identifying favorable combinations of available drugs is justified.
Objectives: Eslicarbazepine acetate (ESL) is a novel antiepileptic drug whose effectiveness against trigeminal pain was recently demonstrated. Here, we examined the interactions between ESL and several standard/alternative analgesics (paracetamol, propyphenazone, naproxen, zolmitriptan, and metoclopramide) in a model of trigeminal pain.
Methods: The antinociceptive effects of orally administered ESL, standard/alternative analgesics, and two-drug ESL-analgesic combinations were examined in the orofacial formalin test in mice. The type of interaction between drugs was determined by isobolographic analysis.
Results: ESL, analgesics, and two-drug ESL-analgesic combinations significantly and dose-dependently reduced nociceptive behaviour in the second, inflammatory phase of the test. Isobolographic analysis revealed that ESL interacted additively with paracetamol/propyphenazone/zolmitriptan and synergistically with naproxen/metoclopramide (with about a 4-fold and 3-fold reduction of doses in the ESL-naproxen and ESL-metoclopramide combination, respectively).
Conclusions: ESL interacted in a beneficial manner with several analgesics that are used for trigeminal pain treatment, producing synergistic interactions with naproxen/metoclopramide and additive interactions with paracetamol/propyphenazone/zolmitriptan. Our results suggest that combining ESL with analgesics could theoretically enable the use of lower doses of individual drugs for achieving pain relief.
PB  - Springer-Verlag
T2  - Psychopharmacology
T1  - Eslicarbazepine acetate interacts in a beneficial manner with standard and alternative analgesics to reduce trigeminal nociception
DO  - 10.1007/s00213-020-05470-7
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Pecikoza, Uroš and Tomić, Maja and Micov, Ana and Vuković, Milja and Stepanović-Petrović, Radica",
year = "2020",
abstract = "Rationale: Acute pain states in the trigeminal region (headaches, dental pain) fall into the most prevalent painful conditions. Standard analgesics (paracetamol/NSAIDs) represent the cornerstone of their treatment, whereas triptans are primarily used in migraine attacks. Due to limited efficacy and/or side effects of current treatments, identifying favorable combinations of available drugs is justified.
Objectives: Eslicarbazepine acetate (ESL) is a novel antiepileptic drug whose effectiveness against trigeminal pain was recently demonstrated. Here, we examined the interactions between ESL and several standard/alternative analgesics (paracetamol, propyphenazone, naproxen, zolmitriptan, and metoclopramide) in a model of trigeminal pain.
Methods: The antinociceptive effects of orally administered ESL, standard/alternative analgesics, and two-drug ESL-analgesic combinations were examined in the orofacial formalin test in mice. The type of interaction between drugs was determined by isobolographic analysis.
Results: ESL, analgesics, and two-drug ESL-analgesic combinations significantly and dose-dependently reduced nociceptive behaviour in the second, inflammatory phase of the test. Isobolographic analysis revealed that ESL interacted additively with paracetamol/propyphenazone/zolmitriptan and synergistically with naproxen/metoclopramide (with about a 4-fold and 3-fold reduction of doses in the ESL-naproxen and ESL-metoclopramide combination, respectively).
Conclusions: ESL interacted in a beneficial manner with several analgesics that are used for trigeminal pain treatment, producing synergistic interactions with naproxen/metoclopramide and additive interactions with paracetamol/propyphenazone/zolmitriptan. Our results suggest that combining ESL with analgesics could theoretically enable the use of lower doses of individual drugs for achieving pain relief.",
publisher = "Springer-Verlag",
journal = "Psychopharmacology",
title = "Eslicarbazepine acetate interacts in a beneficial manner with standard and alternative analgesics to reduce trigeminal nociception",
doi = "10.1007/s00213-020-05470-7"
}

Pecikoza, U., Tomić, M., Micov, A., Vuković, M.,& Stepanović-Petrović, R.. (2020). Eslicarbazepine acetate interacts in a beneficial manner with standard and alternative analgesics to reduce trigeminal nociception. in Psychopharmacology
Springer-Verlag..
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-020-05470-7

Pecikoza U, Tomić M, Micov A, Vuković M, Stepanović-Petrović R. Eslicarbazepine acetate interacts in a beneficial manner with standard and alternative analgesics to reduce trigeminal nociception. in Psychopharmacology. 2020;.
doi:10.1007/s00213-020-05470-7 .

Pecikoza, Uroš, Tomić, Maja, Micov, Ana, Vuković, Milja, Stepanović-Petrović, Radica, "Eslicarbazepine acetate interacts in a beneficial manner with standard and alternative analgesics to reduce trigeminal nociception" in Psychopharmacology (2020),
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-020-05470-7 . .