TY  - JOUR
AU  - Javorac, Dragana
AU  - Anđelković, Milena
AU  - Repić, Aleksandra
AU  - Tatović, Simona
AU  - Buha-Đorđević, Aleksandra
AU  - Antonijević-Miljaković, Evica
AU  - Batinić, Bojan
AU  - Boričić, Novica
AU  - Đukić-Ćosić, Danijela
AU  - Antonijević, Biljana
AU  - Bulat, Zorica
PY  - 2022
UR  - https://farfar.pharmacy.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/4089
AB  - Lead (Pb) is a toxic metal that affects almost all human’s system and organs, with the nervous system as the most sensitive. Better understanding of the Pb neurobehavioral effects and neurotoxicity requires realistic study scenarios based on low level exposure. The aim of this study was to determine neurotoxic effects and mechanisms of Pb in six low doses and to establish dose-response relationship for these effects and related Benchmark dose (BMD). Forty-two, male albino Wistar rats were randomized into seven groups, control and Pb-exposed: 0.1, 0.5, 1, 3, 7 and 15 mg Pb/kg body weight/day (oral gavage) for 28 days. Behavioural tests (Elevated plus maze test, Spontaneous locomotor activity test and Novel object recognition test) were conducted in the last week of experiment, in the control, lower (0.5 mg Pb/kg), middle (3 mg Pb/kg) and higher (15 mg Pb/kg) dose groups. The acetylcholinesterase activity, oxidative status and essential elements levels (Cu, Zn, Mn and Fe) were measured in brain tissue along with histological analyses. External and internal dose-response analyses were performed using PROASTweb 70.1 software. The results have shown that subacute exposure to very low doses of Pb resulted in memory deficits in rats that was accompanied with acetylcholinesterase enzyme activity decrease. The observed hyperactive behaviour was accompanied by dose-dependent induction of brain oxidative stress and Zn elevation. The histological alterations in Purkinje cells were only detected in the group treated with the highest Pb dose. The lowest BMD considering entire oxidative status was calculated based on total oxidative status (4.5e-06 mg Pb/kg b.w./day). The findings reported in our study may be beneficial in further evaluating the health consequences and human health risk assessment of low-level Pb exposure.
PB  - Elsevier Ireland Ltd
T2  - Chemico-Biological Interactions
T1  - Comprehensive insight into the neurotoxic mechanisms of low dose Pb exposure in Wistar rats: Benchmark dose analysis
VL  - 360
DO  - 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.109932
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Javorac, Dragana and Anđelković, Milena and Repić, Aleksandra and Tatović, Simona and Buha-Đorđević, Aleksandra and Antonijević-Miljaković, Evica and Batinić, Bojan and Boričić, Novica and Đukić-Ćosić, Danijela and Antonijević, Biljana and Bulat, Zorica",
year = "2022",
abstract = "Lead (Pb) is a toxic metal that affects almost all human’s system and organs, with the nervous system as the most sensitive. Better understanding of the Pb neurobehavioral effects and neurotoxicity requires realistic study scenarios based on low level exposure. The aim of this study was to determine neurotoxic effects and mechanisms of Pb in six low doses and to establish dose-response relationship for these effects and related Benchmark dose (BMD). Forty-two, male albino Wistar rats were randomized into seven groups, control and Pb-exposed: 0.1, 0.5, 1, 3, 7 and 15 mg Pb/kg body weight/day (oral gavage) for 28 days. Behavioural tests (Elevated plus maze test, Spontaneous locomotor activity test and Novel object recognition test) were conducted in the last week of experiment, in the control, lower (0.5 mg Pb/kg), middle (3 mg Pb/kg) and higher (15 mg Pb/kg) dose groups. The acetylcholinesterase activity, oxidative status and essential elements levels (Cu, Zn, Mn and Fe) were measured in brain tissue along with histological analyses. External and internal dose-response analyses were performed using PROASTweb 70.1 software. The results have shown that subacute exposure to very low doses of Pb resulted in memory deficits in rats that was accompanied with acetylcholinesterase enzyme activity decrease. The observed hyperactive behaviour was accompanied by dose-dependent induction of brain oxidative stress and Zn elevation. The histological alterations in Purkinje cells were only detected in the group treated with the highest Pb dose. The lowest BMD considering entire oxidative status was calculated based on total oxidative status (4.5e-06 mg Pb/kg b.w./day). The findings reported in our study may be beneficial in further evaluating the health consequences and human health risk assessment of low-level Pb exposure.",
publisher = "Elsevier Ireland Ltd",
journal = "Chemico-Biological Interactions",
title = "Comprehensive insight into the neurotoxic mechanisms of low dose Pb exposure in Wistar rats: Benchmark dose analysis",
volume = "360",
doi = "10.1016/j.cbi.2022.109932"
}

Javorac, D., Anđelković, M., Repić, A., Tatović, S., Buha-Đorđević, A., Antonijević-Miljaković, E., Batinić, B., Boričić, N., Đukić-Ćosić, D., Antonijević, B.,& Bulat, Z.. (2022). Comprehensive insight into the neurotoxic mechanisms of low dose Pb exposure in Wistar rats: Benchmark dose analysis. in Chemico-Biological Interactions
Elsevier Ireland Ltd., 360.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbi.2022.109932

Javorac D, Anđelković M, Repić A, Tatović S, Buha-Đorđević A, Antonijević-Miljaković E, Batinić B, Boričić N, Đukić-Ćosić D, Antonijević B, Bulat Z. Comprehensive insight into the neurotoxic mechanisms of low dose Pb exposure in Wistar rats: Benchmark dose analysis. in Chemico-Biological Interactions. 2022;360.
doi:10.1016/j.cbi.2022.109932 .

Javorac, Dragana, Anđelković, Milena, Repić, Aleksandra, Tatović, Simona, Buha-Đorđević, Aleksandra, Antonijević-Miljaković, Evica, Batinić, Bojan, Boričić, Novica, Đukić-Ćosić, Danijela, Antonijević, Biljana, Bulat, Zorica, "Comprehensive insight into the neurotoxic mechanisms of low dose Pb exposure in Wistar rats: Benchmark dose analysis" in Chemico-Biological Interactions, 360 (2022),
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbi.2022.109932 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Javorac, Dragana
AU  - Tatović, Simona
AU  - Anđelković, Milena
AU  - Repić, Aleksandra
AU  - Baralić, Katarina
AU  - Buha-Đorđević, Aleksandra
AU  - Mihajlović, Marija
AU  - Kotur-Stevuljević, Jelena
AU  - Đukić-Ćosić, Danijela
AU  - Ćurčić, Marijana
AU  - Antonijević, Biljana
AU  - Bulat, Zorica
PY  - 2022
UR  - https://farfar.pharmacy.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/4046
AB  - Exposure to toxic metals, including lead (Pb), were found as important risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. The aim of the study was to simulate low-level subacute Pb exposure scenario and to determine redox status, redox scores (OXY-score, damage score and protective score) and copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) levels in cardiac tissue of Wistar rats. Based on the obtained results we have established dose-toxic response relationship and derived Benchmark dose. The male Wistar rats were divided in seven groups (n = 6), six threated groups that received 0.1; 0.5; 1; 3; 7; 15 mg Pb/kg body weight/day for 28 days, by oral gavage and control group. The results of the presented study demonstrated that Pb affect cardiac tissue by inducing production of superoxide anion radical (O2.-) and consequently raising malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. The positive trend in OXY-score and damage score were determined. Effect size analysis showed that the main toxic effects were oxidative damage and elevation of MDA. The lowest BMD was calculated for MDA (2.2e-0.6 mg Pb/kg b.w./day). Obtained BMD may be useful in further assessing point of departure in the human health risks assessment of low-level Pb exposure scenario.
PB  - Elsevier Ltd
T2  - Food and Chemical Toxicology
T1  - Low-lead doses induce oxidative damage in cardiac tissue: Subacute toxicity study in Wistar rats and Benchmark dose modelling
VL  - 161
DO  - 10.1016/j.fct.2022.112825
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Javorac, Dragana and Tatović, Simona and Anđelković, Milena and Repić, Aleksandra and Baralić, Katarina and Buha-Đorđević, Aleksandra and Mihajlović, Marija and Kotur-Stevuljević, Jelena and Đukić-Ćosić, Danijela and Ćurčić, Marijana and Antonijević, Biljana and Bulat, Zorica",
year = "2022",
abstract = "Exposure to toxic metals, including lead (Pb), were found as important risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. The aim of the study was to simulate low-level subacute Pb exposure scenario and to determine redox status, redox scores (OXY-score, damage score and protective score) and copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) levels in cardiac tissue of Wistar rats. Based on the obtained results we have established dose-toxic response relationship and derived Benchmark dose. The male Wistar rats were divided in seven groups (n = 6), six threated groups that received 0.1; 0.5; 1; 3; 7; 15 mg Pb/kg body weight/day for 28 days, by oral gavage and control group. The results of the presented study demonstrated that Pb affect cardiac tissue by inducing production of superoxide anion radical (O2.-) and consequently raising malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. The positive trend in OXY-score and damage score were determined. Effect size analysis showed that the main toxic effects were oxidative damage and elevation of MDA. The lowest BMD was calculated for MDA (2.2e-0.6 mg Pb/kg b.w./day). Obtained BMD may be useful in further assessing point of departure in the human health risks assessment of low-level Pb exposure scenario.",
publisher = "Elsevier Ltd",
journal = "Food and Chemical Toxicology",
title = "Low-lead doses induce oxidative damage in cardiac tissue: Subacute toxicity study in Wistar rats and Benchmark dose modelling",
volume = "161",
doi = "10.1016/j.fct.2022.112825"
}

Javorac, D., Tatović, S., Anđelković, M., Repić, A., Baralić, K., Buha-Đorđević, A., Mihajlović, M., Kotur-Stevuljević, J., Đukić-Ćosić, D., Ćurčić, M., Antonijević, B.,& Bulat, Z.. (2022). Low-lead doses induce oxidative damage in cardiac tissue: Subacute toxicity study in Wistar rats and Benchmark dose modelling. in Food and Chemical Toxicology
Elsevier Ltd., 161.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2022.112825

Javorac D, Tatović S, Anđelković M, Repić A, Baralić K, Buha-Đorđević A, Mihajlović M, Kotur-Stevuljević J, Đukić-Ćosić D, Ćurčić M, Antonijević B, Bulat Z. Low-lead doses induce oxidative damage in cardiac tissue: Subacute toxicity study in Wistar rats and Benchmark dose modelling. in Food and Chemical Toxicology. 2022;161.
doi:10.1016/j.fct.2022.112825 .

Javorac, Dragana, Tatović, Simona, Anđelković, Milena, Repić, Aleksandra, Baralić, Katarina, Buha-Đorđević, Aleksandra, Mihajlović, Marija, Kotur-Stevuljević, Jelena, Đukić-Ćosić, Danijela, Ćurčić, Marijana, Antonijević, Biljana, Bulat, Zorica, "Low-lead doses induce oxidative damage in cardiac tissue: Subacute toxicity study in Wistar rats and Benchmark dose modelling" in Food and Chemical Toxicology, 161 (2022),
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2022.112825 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Javorac, Dragana
AU  - Buha-Đorđević, Aleksandra
AU  - Anđelković, Milena
AU  - Tatović, Simona
AU  - Baralić, Katarina
AU  - Antonijević, Evica
AU  - Kotur-Stevuljević, Jelena
AU  - Đukić-Ćosić, Danijela
AU  - Antonijević, Biljana
AU  - Bulat, Zorica
PY  - 2020
UR  - https://farfar.pharmacy.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/3715
AB  - Most Pb and Cd neurotoxicity studies investigate exposure to either of the toxic metals alone, while data on co-exposure are scarce. The aim of our study was to fill that gap by investigating acute combined effects of Pb and Cd on redox and essential metal status in the brain of Wistar rats. Animals were randomised in four groups of six to eight rats, which received 15 or 30 mg/kg of Cd, 150 mg/kg of Pb, or 150 mg/kg of Pb + 15 mg/kg of Cd by gavage. The fifth, control, group received distilled water only. Co-treatment with Pb and Cd induced significant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) compared to control and groups receiving either metal alone. This is of special importance, as MDA presence in the brain has been implicated in many neurodegenerative disorders. The groups did not significantly differ in Zn, Cu, Mn, and Fe brain levels. Our findings highlight the importance of metal mixture studies. Neurotoxicity assessments of single chemicals do not provide a real insight into exposure to mixtures in real life. Further research should look into interactions between these metals to reveal complex molecular mechanisms of their neurotoxicity.
AB  - Dosadašnji podatci o neurotoksičnosti olova (Pb) i kadmija (Cd) uglavnom su opisani nakon izloženosti pojedinačnim
metalima, a podatci o neurotoksičnom djelovanju smjese tih dvaju metala prilično su oskudni. Cilj ovoga rada bio je
ispitati učinak akutnoga izlaganja smjesi olova i kadmija na parametre oksidacijskoga stresa i status bioelemenata u mozgu
štakora. Životinje su bile podijeljene u pet skupina: Cd15 (15 mg/kg), Cd30 (30 mg/kg), Pb150 (150 mg/kg), Pb150+Cd15
i kontrolna, netretirana skupina. Smjesa olova i kadmija dovela je do značajno viših vrijednosti malondialdehida (MDA)
i drugih produkata u mozgu štakora u usporedbi s kontrolnom skupinom i obama pojedinačnim metalima. To je iznimno
važno, imajući u vidu da je prisutnost MDA-a u mozgu povezana s mnogim neurodegenerativnim poremećajima. Nije
dobivena statistički značajna razlika između ispitivanih skupina u razinama cinka (Zn), bakra (Cu), mangana (Mn) i
željeza (Fe). Rezultati ovoga istraživanja važan su doprinos budućim istraživanjima smjesa i upućuju na to da istraživanja
toksičnosti u kojima se procjenjuje neurotoksičnost pojedinačnih kemikalija ne pružaju stvarni uvid u neurotoksičnost
njihovih smjesa kojima smo izloženi u stvarnom životu. Dobiveni rezultati otvaraju daljnja pitanja o interakciji i
mehanizmima toksičnosti smjese tih metala.
PB  - Sciendo
T2  - Arhiv za higijenu rada i toksikologiju - Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology
T1  - Redox and essential metal status in the brain of Wistar rats acutely exposed to a cadmium and lead mixture
T1  - Redoks status i razine bioelemenata u mozgu štakora akutno izloženih smjesi kadmija i olova
VL  - 71
IS  - 3
SP  - 197
EP  - 204
DO  - 10.2478/aiht-2020-71-3425
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Javorac, Dragana and Buha-Đorđević, Aleksandra and Anđelković, Milena and Tatović, Simona and Baralić, Katarina and Antonijević, Evica and Kotur-Stevuljević, Jelena and Đukić-Ćosić, Danijela and Antonijević, Biljana and Bulat, Zorica",
year = "2020",
abstract = "Most Pb and Cd neurotoxicity studies investigate exposure to either of the toxic metals alone, while data on co-exposure are scarce. The aim of our study was to fill that gap by investigating acute combined effects of Pb and Cd on redox and essential metal status in the brain of Wistar rats. Animals were randomised in four groups of six to eight rats, which received 15 or 30 mg/kg of Cd, 150 mg/kg of Pb, or 150 mg/kg of Pb + 15 mg/kg of Cd by gavage. The fifth, control, group received distilled water only. Co-treatment with Pb and Cd induced significant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) compared to control and groups receiving either metal alone. This is of special importance, as MDA presence in the brain has been implicated in many neurodegenerative disorders. The groups did not significantly differ in Zn, Cu, Mn, and Fe brain levels. Our findings highlight the importance of metal mixture studies. Neurotoxicity assessments of single chemicals do not provide a real insight into exposure to mixtures in real life. Further research should look into interactions between these metals to reveal complex molecular mechanisms of their neurotoxicity., Dosadašnji podatci o neurotoksičnosti olova (Pb) i kadmija (Cd) uglavnom su opisani nakon izloženosti pojedinačnim
metalima, a podatci o neurotoksičnom djelovanju smjese tih dvaju metala prilično su oskudni. Cilj ovoga rada bio je
ispitati učinak akutnoga izlaganja smjesi olova i kadmija na parametre oksidacijskoga stresa i status bioelemenata u mozgu
štakora. Životinje su bile podijeljene u pet skupina: Cd15 (15 mg/kg), Cd30 (30 mg/kg), Pb150 (150 mg/kg), Pb150+Cd15
i kontrolna, netretirana skupina. Smjesa olova i kadmija dovela je do značajno viših vrijednosti malondialdehida (MDA)
i drugih produkata u mozgu štakora u usporedbi s kontrolnom skupinom i obama pojedinačnim metalima. To je iznimno
važno, imajući u vidu da je prisutnost MDA-a u mozgu povezana s mnogim neurodegenerativnim poremećajima. Nije
dobivena statistički značajna razlika između ispitivanih skupina u razinama cinka (Zn), bakra (Cu), mangana (Mn) i
željeza (Fe). Rezultati ovoga istraživanja važan su doprinos budućim istraživanjima smjesa i upućuju na to da istraživanja
toksičnosti u kojima se procjenjuje neurotoksičnost pojedinačnih kemikalija ne pružaju stvarni uvid u neurotoksičnost
njihovih smjesa kojima smo izloženi u stvarnom životu. Dobiveni rezultati otvaraju daljnja pitanja o interakciji i
mehanizmima toksičnosti smjese tih metala.",
publisher = "Sciendo",
journal = "Arhiv za higijenu rada i toksikologiju - Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology",
title = "Redox and essential metal status in the brain of Wistar rats acutely exposed to a cadmium and lead mixture, Redoks status i razine bioelemenata u mozgu štakora akutno izloženih smjesi kadmija i olova",
volume = "71",
number = "3",
pages = "197-204",
doi = "10.2478/aiht-2020-71-3425"
}

Javorac, D., Buha-Đorđević, A., Anđelković, M., Tatović, S., Baralić, K., Antonijević, E., Kotur-Stevuljević, J., Đukić-Ćosić, D., Antonijević, B.,& Bulat, Z.. (2020). Redox and essential metal status in the brain of Wistar rats acutely exposed to a cadmium and lead mixture. in Arhiv za higijenu rada i toksikologiju - Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology
Sciendo., 71(3), 197-204.
https://doi.org/10.2478/aiht-2020-71-3425

Javorac D, Buha-Đorđević A, Anđelković M, Tatović S, Baralić K, Antonijević E, Kotur-Stevuljević J, Đukić-Ćosić D, Antonijević B, Bulat Z. Redox and essential metal status in the brain of Wistar rats acutely exposed to a cadmium and lead mixture. in Arhiv za higijenu rada i toksikologiju - Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology. 2020;71(3):197-204.
doi:10.2478/aiht-2020-71-3425 .

Javorac, Dragana, Buha-Đorđević, Aleksandra, Anđelković, Milena, Tatović, Simona, Baralić, Katarina, Antonijević, Evica, Kotur-Stevuljević, Jelena, Đukić-Ćosić, Danijela, Antonijević, Biljana, Bulat, Zorica, "Redox and essential metal status in the brain of Wistar rats acutely exposed to a cadmium and lead mixture" in Arhiv za higijenu rada i toksikologiju - Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology, 71, no. 3 (2020):197-204,
https://doi.org/10.2478/aiht-2020-71-3425 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rajšić, Ivana
AU  - Javorac, Dragana
AU  - Tatović, Simona
AU  - Repić, Aleksandra
AU  - Đukić-Ćosić, Danijela
AU  - Đorđević, Snežana
AU  - Lukić, Vera
AU  - Bulat, Zorica
PY  - 2020
UR  - https://farfar.pharmacy.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/3633
AB  - Immunochromatographic strips for urine drug screening tests (UDSTs) are common and very suitable for drug abuse monitoring, but are also highly susceptible to adulterants kept in the household, which can significantly alter test results. The aim of this study was to see how some of these common adulterants affect UDST results in practice and whether they can be detected by sample validity tests with pH and URIT 11G test strips. To this end we added household chemicals (acids, alkalis, oxidizing agents, surfactants, and miscellaneous substances) to urine samples positive for amphetamine, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), tetrahydrocannabinol, heroin, cocaine, or benzodiazepines (diazepam or alprazolam) and tested them with one-component immunochromatographic UDST strips. The UDST for cocaine resisted adulteration the most, while the cannabis test produced the most false negative results. The most potent adulterant that barely changed the physiological properties of urine specimens and therefore escaped adulteration detection was vinegar. Besides lemon juice, it produced the most false negative test results. In conclusion, some urine adulterants, such as vinegar, could pass urine specimen validity test and remain undetected by laboratory testing. Our findings raise concern about this issue of preventing urine tampering and call for better control at sampling, privacy concerns notwithstanding, and better sample validity tests.
AB  - Preliminarna analiza prisutnosti psihoaktivnih tvari u mokraći pomoću imunokromatografskih testnih traka (UDST) našla je primjenu u mnogim područjima. Iako vrlo prikladne u kontroli zloporabe droga, testne su trake iznimno osjetljive na sredstva za patvorenje (adulterante) kao što su kućne kemikalije, što može značajno promijeniti rezultate testa. Cilj ovoga istraživanja bio je ispitati potencijal uobičajeno korištenih adulteranata kada je riječ o utjecaju na rezultate probira na prisutnost psihoaktivnih tvari u mokraći uporabom UDST-a. Ispitivane kemikalije (kiseline, lužine, oksidirajuća sredstva, površinski aktivne tvari i druge) dodane su uzorcima urina u kojima je, tekućinskom kromatografijom – masenom spektrometrijom (LC-MS) prethodno potvrđena prisutnost amfetamina, 3,4-metilendioksimetamfetaina (MDMA), tetrahidrokanabinola, heroina i kokaina benzodiazepina (diazepam ili alprazolam). U ispitivanju su korištene jednokomponentne imunokromatografske testne trake. Manipulacija uzorcima urina provjeravala se pomoću pH traka, kao i biokemijskih testnih traka za semikvantitativno određivanje koncentracija endogenih tvari i specifične težine uzoraka urina pomoću testnih traka URIT 11G. Rezultati ovoga ispitivanja pokazali su da je test za detekciju kokaina u urinu najmanje osjetljiv na utjecaj ispitivanih adulteranata, a test za detekciju kanabinoida najosjetljiviji, posebice u pogledu lažno negativnih rezultata. Najsnažniji adulterant koji je utjecao na rezultate testa a nije promijenio fiziološke parametre urina je alkoholni ocat. Osim soka od limuna, alkoholni ocat dodan u urin proizveo je najveći broj negativnih ishoda testiranja. Može se zaključiti da značajan broj adulteranata utječe na rezultate testa i da je moguće da neki od njih, poput alkoholnoga octa, mogu proći neopaženo pri kontroli valjanosti uzorka. Ovi nalazi upozoravaju na važnost strogo kontroliranog okruženja za uzorkovanje urina kako bi se spriječile manipulacije.
PB  - Sciendo
T2  - Arhiv za higijenu rada i toksikologiju - Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology
T1  - Effect of urine adulterants on commercial drug abuse screening test strip results
T1  - Utjecaj adulteranata u mokraći na nalaze komercijalnih testnih traka za otkrivanje zloporabe droga
VL  - 71
IS  - 1
SP  - 87
EP  - 93
DO  - 10.2478/aiht-2020-71-3315
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Rajšić, Ivana and Javorac, Dragana and Tatović, Simona and Repić, Aleksandra and Đukić-Ćosić, Danijela and Đorđević, Snežana and Lukić, Vera and Bulat, Zorica",
year = "2020",
abstract = "Immunochromatographic strips for urine drug screening tests (UDSTs) are common and very suitable for drug abuse monitoring, but are also highly susceptible to adulterants kept in the household, which can significantly alter test results. The aim of this study was to see how some of these common adulterants affect UDST results in practice and whether they can be detected by sample validity tests with pH and URIT 11G test strips. To this end we added household chemicals (acids, alkalis, oxidizing agents, surfactants, and miscellaneous substances) to urine samples positive for amphetamine, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), tetrahydrocannabinol, heroin, cocaine, or benzodiazepines (diazepam or alprazolam) and tested them with one-component immunochromatographic UDST strips. The UDST for cocaine resisted adulteration the most, while the cannabis test produced the most false negative results. The most potent adulterant that barely changed the physiological properties of urine specimens and therefore escaped adulteration detection was vinegar. Besides lemon juice, it produced the most false negative test results. In conclusion, some urine adulterants, such as vinegar, could pass urine specimen validity test and remain undetected by laboratory testing. Our findings raise concern about this issue of preventing urine tampering and call for better control at sampling, privacy concerns notwithstanding, and better sample validity tests., Preliminarna analiza prisutnosti psihoaktivnih tvari u mokraći pomoću imunokromatografskih testnih traka (UDST) našla je primjenu u mnogim područjima. Iako vrlo prikladne u kontroli zloporabe droga, testne su trake iznimno osjetljive na sredstva za patvorenje (adulterante) kao što su kućne kemikalije, što može značajno promijeniti rezultate testa. Cilj ovoga istraživanja bio je ispitati potencijal uobičajeno korištenih adulteranata kada je riječ o utjecaju na rezultate probira na prisutnost psihoaktivnih tvari u mokraći uporabom UDST-a. Ispitivane kemikalije (kiseline, lužine, oksidirajuća sredstva, površinski aktivne tvari i druge) dodane su uzorcima urina u kojima je, tekućinskom kromatografijom – masenom spektrometrijom (LC-MS) prethodno potvrđena prisutnost amfetamina, 3,4-metilendioksimetamfetaina (MDMA), tetrahidrokanabinola, heroina i kokaina benzodiazepina (diazepam ili alprazolam). U ispitivanju su korištene jednokomponentne imunokromatografske testne trake. Manipulacija uzorcima urina provjeravala se pomoću pH traka, kao i biokemijskih testnih traka za semikvantitativno određivanje koncentracija endogenih tvari i specifične težine uzoraka urina pomoću testnih traka URIT 11G. Rezultati ovoga ispitivanja pokazali su da je test za detekciju kokaina u urinu najmanje osjetljiv na utjecaj ispitivanih adulteranata, a test za detekciju kanabinoida najosjetljiviji, posebice u pogledu lažno negativnih rezultata. Najsnažniji adulterant koji je utjecao na rezultate testa a nije promijenio fiziološke parametre urina je alkoholni ocat. Osim soka od limuna, alkoholni ocat dodan u urin proizveo je najveći broj negativnih ishoda testiranja. Može se zaključiti da značajan broj adulteranata utječe na rezultate testa i da je moguće da neki od njih, poput alkoholnoga octa, mogu proći neopaženo pri kontroli valjanosti uzorka. Ovi nalazi upozoravaju na važnost strogo kontroliranog okruženja za uzorkovanje urina kako bi se spriječile manipulacije.",
publisher = "Sciendo",
journal = "Arhiv za higijenu rada i toksikologiju - Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology",
title = "Effect of urine adulterants on commercial drug abuse screening test strip results, Utjecaj adulteranata u mokraći na nalaze komercijalnih testnih traka za otkrivanje zloporabe droga",
volume = "71",
number = "1",
pages = "87-93",
doi = "10.2478/aiht-2020-71-3315"
}

Rajšić, I., Javorac, D., Tatović, S., Repić, A., Đukić-Ćosić, D., Đorđević, S., Lukić, V.,& Bulat, Z.. (2020). Effect of urine adulterants on commercial drug abuse screening test strip results. in Arhiv za higijenu rada i toksikologiju - Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology
Sciendo., 71(1), 87-93.
https://doi.org/10.2478/aiht-2020-71-3315

Rajšić I, Javorac D, Tatović S, Repić A, Đukić-Ćosić D, Đorđević S, Lukić V, Bulat Z. Effect of urine adulterants on commercial drug abuse screening test strip results. in Arhiv za higijenu rada i toksikologiju - Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology. 2020;71(1):87-93.
doi:10.2478/aiht-2020-71-3315 .

Rajšić, Ivana, Javorac, Dragana, Tatović, Simona, Repić, Aleksandra, Đukić-Ćosić, Danijela, Đorđević, Snežana, Lukić, Vera, Bulat, Zorica, "Effect of urine adulterants on commercial drug abuse screening test strip results" in Arhiv za higijenu rada i toksikologiju - Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology, 71, no. 1 (2020):87-93,
https://doi.org/10.2478/aiht-2020-71-3315 . .