TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kovačević, Anđelka
AU  - Mueller, Rainer H.
AU  - Savić, Snežana
AU  - Vuleta, Gordana
AU  - Keck, Cornelia M.
PY  - 2014
UR  - https://farfar.pharmacy.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/2189
AB  - Polyhydroxy surfactants are nonionic ethylene oxide free stabilizers known for their complimentary dermatological properties and favorable environmental profile. The aim of this study was to develop solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) stabilized with polyhydroxy surfactants varying in the chemical structure and to investigate the influence of the surfactants on the characteristics of the particles. Particles were produced by hot high pressure homogenization and the physico-chemical properties, e.g. contact angle, particle size, size distribution, zeta potential and crystallinity were determined. Results showed that the chemical structure of the surfactants influences the contact angle, particle size and crystallinity. Furthermore, the low surfactants concentration used (1% (w/w)) allowed the formation of the particles with a mean size below 200 nm, polydispersity index lower than 0.1 and sufficient physical stability for at least 6 months. As postulated by the zeta potential analysis stabilization ability of the surfactants was attributed to the superposition of electrostatic and steric effect which complement each other. All SLN formulations consisted of the same lipid matrix, but were found to possess different crystallinity indices. These differences are obviously created by the differences in the chemical structure of the surfactants. Therefore, the polyhydroxy surfactants investigated in this study can be judged to be novel suitable stabilizers for the formulation of well-skin tolerable SLN. The use of specific chemical structures of the surfactants can be used for the production of "tailor-made" SLN in the future.
PB  - Elsevier Science BV, Amsterdam
T2  - Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects
T1  - Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) stabilized with polyhydroxy surfactants: Preparation, characterization and physical stability investigation
VL  - 444
SP  - 15
EP  - 25
DO  - 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2013.12.023
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Kovačević, Anđelka and Mueller, Rainer H. and Savić, Snežana and Vuleta, Gordana and Keck, Cornelia M.",
year = "2014",
abstract = "Polyhydroxy surfactants are nonionic ethylene oxide free stabilizers known for their complimentary dermatological properties and favorable environmental profile. The aim of this study was to develop solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) stabilized with polyhydroxy surfactants varying in the chemical structure and to investigate the influence of the surfactants on the characteristics of the particles. Particles were produced by hot high pressure homogenization and the physico-chemical properties, e.g. contact angle, particle size, size distribution, zeta potential and crystallinity were determined. Results showed that the chemical structure of the surfactants influences the contact angle, particle size and crystallinity. Furthermore, the low surfactants concentration used (1% (w/w)) allowed the formation of the particles with a mean size below 200 nm, polydispersity index lower than 0.1 and sufficient physical stability for at least 6 months. As postulated by the zeta potential analysis stabilization ability of the surfactants was attributed to the superposition of electrostatic and steric effect which complement each other. All SLN formulations consisted of the same lipid matrix, but were found to possess different crystallinity indices. These differences are obviously created by the differences in the chemical structure of the surfactants. Therefore, the polyhydroxy surfactants investigated in this study can be judged to be novel suitable stabilizers for the formulation of well-skin tolerable SLN. The use of specific chemical structures of the surfactants can be used for the production of "tailor-made" SLN in the future.",
publisher = "Elsevier Science BV, Amsterdam",
journal = "Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects",
title = "Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) stabilized with polyhydroxy surfactants: Preparation, characterization and physical stability investigation",
volume = "444",
pages = "15-25",
doi = "10.1016/j.colsurfa.2013.12.023"
}

Kovačević, A., Mueller, R. H., Savić, S., Vuleta, G.,& Keck, C. M.. (2014). Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) stabilized with polyhydroxy surfactants: Preparation, characterization and physical stability investigation. in Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects
Elsevier Science BV, Amsterdam., 444, 15-25.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2013.12.023

Kovačević A, Mueller RH, Savić S, Vuleta G, Keck CM. Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) stabilized with polyhydroxy surfactants: Preparation, characterization and physical stability investigation. in Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects. 2014;444:15-25.
doi:10.1016/j.colsurfa.2013.12.023 .

Kovačević, Anđelka, Mueller, Rainer H., Savić, Snežana, Vuleta, Gordana, Keck, Cornelia M., "Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) stabilized with polyhydroxy surfactants: Preparation, characterization and physical stability investigation" in Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 444 (2014):15-25,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2013.12.023 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Vuleta, Gordana
AU  - Kovačević, Anđelka
AU  - Savić, Snežana
AU  - Milić, Jela
PY  - 2007
UR  - https://farfar.pharmacy.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1019
AB  - In vitro release tests are one of several standard methods which can be used to characterize performance of a finished topical dosage form, i.e., semisolids such as creams, gels, and ointments and offer important informations during selection of formulation. Drug-release studies is used in regulatory scale-up and postapproval changes (SUPAC) testing to verify that no change exists in product quality or performance after a manufacturing process modification. However, in vitro release testing, alone, is not a surrogate test for in vivo bioavailability or bioequivalence. New pharmacopoeias don't offer methods for these investigation, but FDA proposed using the vertical diffusion cell (Franz cell) procedure for the release rate studies of semisolid dosage forms. Franz cell is considered the most promising apparatus for investigation of post approval changes of semisolid dosage forms. The ultimate goal of these tests is analogous to that for solid oral dosage forms, i.e. to use the test for the biopharmaceutical characterization of the drug product, and as a tool to assure consistent product (batch) quality of the same pharmaceutical dosage form within a defined set of specification criteria. The study present results of release investigation of diclofenac diethylamine, retinolic acid, carbamide, vitamin E acetate, lidocaine HCl and apigenin from different vehicles/bases using Franz or Enhancer diffusion cell.
AB  - Metode za in vitro ispitivanje brzine oslobađanja aktivne supstance iz polučvrstih preparata za primenu na kožu (podloge/nosača) predstavljaju jednu od nekoliko standardnih metoda koje se mogu koristiti za karakterizaciju kremova, gela i masti i dobijanje podataka važnih za formulaciju i razvoj ovih farmaceutskih oblika. Studije oslobađanja našle su svoje mesto u regulatornim scale-up testovima (eng. scaleup - proporcionalno povećanje šarže sa laboratorijskog na industrijski nivo proizvodnje), kao i u ispitivanjima kojima se proverava da li je došlo do promena u kvalitetu ove vrste preparata nakon izmena u procesu proizvodnje. Međutim, in vitro test brzine oslobađanja, nije zamena za in vivo procenu biološke raspoloživosti i bioekvivalentnosti ove grupe lekova. Najnovije farmakopeje (USP 30, Ph.Eur.5.0) ne propisuju metodu za ova ispitivanja, ali Američka uprava za hranu i lekove (eng. Food and drug administration - FDA) je predložila da se praćenje brzine oslobađanja lekovite supstance iz polučvrstih preparata za primenu na koži izvodi korišćenjem vertikalne difuzione ćelije, poznate kao Franz-ova ćelija. Franz-ova difuziona ćelija se smatra najpovoljnijom aparaturom i za praćenje promena u brzini oslobađanja, koje mogu nastati nakon stavljanja u promet farmaceutskih oblika za primenu na koži. Ispitivanje brzine oslobađanja lekovite supstance iz preparata za kožu predstavlja test za biofarmaceutsku karakterizaciju farmaceutskih oblika polučvrste konzistencije i koristan postupak kojim se potvrđuje kvalitet različitih serija istog farmaceutskog oblika leka unutar definisanog seta kriterijuma. U radu su prikazani primeri rezultata in vitro ispitivanja brzine oslobađanja diklofenak-dietilamina (DDEA), tretinoina, uree, tokoferilacetata, lidokain-hidrohlorida i apigenina, iz različitih nosača/podloga korišćenjem Franz-ove ili Enhancer ćelije.
PB  - Savez farmaceutskih udruženja Srbije, Beograd
T2  - Arhiv za farmaciju
T1  - Dissolution test for pharmaceutical semisolid dosage forms
T1  - In vitro ispitivanje brzine oslobađanja aktivne supstance iz farmaceutskih preparata za primenu na kožu
VL  - 57
IS  - 6
SP  - 375
EP  - 398
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_farfar_1019
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Vuleta, Gordana and Kovačević, Anđelka and Savić, Snežana and Milić, Jela",
year = "2007",
abstract = "In vitro release tests are one of several standard methods which can be used to characterize performance of a finished topical dosage form, i.e., semisolids such as creams, gels, and ointments and offer important informations during selection of formulation. Drug-release studies is used in regulatory scale-up and postapproval changes (SUPAC) testing to verify that no change exists in product quality or performance after a manufacturing process modification. However, in vitro release testing, alone, is not a surrogate test for in vivo bioavailability or bioequivalence. New pharmacopoeias don't offer methods for these investigation, but FDA proposed using the vertical diffusion cell (Franz cell) procedure for the release rate studies of semisolid dosage forms. Franz cell is considered the most promising apparatus for investigation of post approval changes of semisolid dosage forms. The ultimate goal of these tests is analogous to that for solid oral dosage forms, i.e. to use the test for the biopharmaceutical characterization of the drug product, and as a tool to assure consistent product (batch) quality of the same pharmaceutical dosage form within a defined set of specification criteria. The study present results of release investigation of diclofenac diethylamine, retinolic acid, carbamide, vitamin E acetate, lidocaine HCl and apigenin from different vehicles/bases using Franz or Enhancer diffusion cell., Metode za in vitro ispitivanje brzine oslobađanja aktivne supstance iz polučvrstih preparata za primenu na kožu (podloge/nosača) predstavljaju jednu od nekoliko standardnih metoda koje se mogu koristiti za karakterizaciju kremova, gela i masti i dobijanje podataka važnih za formulaciju i razvoj ovih farmaceutskih oblika. Studije oslobađanja našle su svoje mesto u regulatornim scale-up testovima (eng. scaleup - proporcionalno povećanje šarže sa laboratorijskog na industrijski nivo proizvodnje), kao i u ispitivanjima kojima se proverava da li je došlo do promena u kvalitetu ove vrste preparata nakon izmena u procesu proizvodnje. Međutim, in vitro test brzine oslobađanja, nije zamena za in vivo procenu biološke raspoloživosti i bioekvivalentnosti ove grupe lekova. Najnovije farmakopeje (USP 30, Ph.Eur.5.0) ne propisuju metodu za ova ispitivanja, ali Američka uprava za hranu i lekove (eng. Food and drug administration - FDA) je predložila da se praćenje brzine oslobađanja lekovite supstance iz polučvrstih preparata za primenu na koži izvodi korišćenjem vertikalne difuzione ćelije, poznate kao Franz-ova ćelija. Franz-ova difuziona ćelija se smatra najpovoljnijom aparaturom i za praćenje promena u brzini oslobađanja, koje mogu nastati nakon stavljanja u promet farmaceutskih oblika za primenu na koži. Ispitivanje brzine oslobađanja lekovite supstance iz preparata za kožu predstavlja test za biofarmaceutsku karakterizaciju farmaceutskih oblika polučvrste konzistencije i koristan postupak kojim se potvrđuje kvalitet različitih serija istog farmaceutskog oblika leka unutar definisanog seta kriterijuma. U radu su prikazani primeri rezultata in vitro ispitivanja brzine oslobađanja diklofenak-dietilamina (DDEA), tretinoina, uree, tokoferilacetata, lidokain-hidrohlorida i apigenina, iz različitih nosača/podloga korišćenjem Franz-ove ili Enhancer ćelije.",
publisher = "Savez farmaceutskih udruženja Srbije, Beograd",
journal = "Arhiv za farmaciju",
title = "Dissolution test for pharmaceutical semisolid dosage forms, In vitro ispitivanje brzine oslobađanja aktivne supstance iz farmaceutskih preparata za primenu na kožu",
volume = "57",
number = "6",
pages = "375-398",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_farfar_1019"
}

Vuleta, G., Kovačević, A., Savić, S.,& Milić, J.. (2007). Dissolution test for pharmaceutical semisolid dosage forms. in Arhiv za farmaciju
Savez farmaceutskih udruženja Srbije, Beograd., 57(6), 375-398.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_farfar_1019

Vuleta G, Kovačević A, Savić S, Milić J. Dissolution test for pharmaceutical semisolid dosage forms. in Arhiv za farmaciju. 2007;57(6):375-398.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_farfar_1019 .

Vuleta, Gordana, Kovačević, Anđelka, Savić, Snežana, Milić, Jela, "Dissolution test for pharmaceutical semisolid dosage forms" in Arhiv za farmaciju, 57, no. 6 (2007):375-398,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_farfar_1019 .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Milić, Jela
AU  - Savić, Snežana
AU  - Kovačević, Anđelka
AU  - Vuleta, Gordana
PY  - 2006
UR  - https://farfar.pharmacy.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/704
AB  - There are two different ways of action for sunscreens, physical sunscreens and molecular sunscreens. The presence of sunscreens on top of the horny layer can cause phototoxic and photoallergic reactions. The development of suitable products which prevent penetration of the sunscreen into the skin is a challenge for manufacturers of cosmetic products. It has been shown that solid lipid nanoparticles act as active carriers for sunscreens due to their paniculate character i.e. they represent physical sunscreens on their own. Incorporation of molececuiar sunscreens into SLN has a synergistic effect on the protective characteristics. Therefore, amount of molecular sunscreen could be decreased while maintaining the protection level (compared to a conventional emulsion). Oxybenzone (benzophenone-3) is lipophilic sunscreen is widely used in commercially available cosmetic formulations such as lotions, o/w emulsions and has been studied intensely in vitro and in vivo. The release rate of oxybenzone is decreased when using SLN formulations compared to emulsions, thus more of the active remains on the surface of the skin; this effect is desired. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) fine particles are embedded with sunscreens into the skin to effectively attenuate UV-B radiation.
AB  - Za zaštitu kože od UV zračenja koriste se dva tipa UV filtera: molekulski i fizički UV filteri. Prisustvo UV filtera na površini rožnatog sloja kože može izazvati fototoksične i fotoalergijske reakcije. Razvoj odgovarajućih proizvoda koji će sprečiti penetraciju UV filtera u kožu izazov je za proizvođače kozmetičkih proizvoda. Pokazano je da čvrste lipidne nanočestice (eng. solid lipid nanopartides, SLN) same predstavljaju fizičke UV filtere i da su pogodne kao nosači za filtere zbog svog čestičnog karaktera. Inkorporiranjem molekulskih UV filtera u SLN postiže se sinergistički efekat zaštite, pa je moguće smanjiti količinu molekulskih UV filtera, a da nivo zaštite bude održan (u poređenju sa konvencionalnim emulzionim nosačima). Oksibenzon (benzofenon-3) je lipofilni molekulski UV filter koji nalazi veliku primenu u komercijalnim kozmetičkim preparatima (U/V emulzije i U/V kremovi) za koga je pokazano da se usporeno oslobađa kada se koristi u obliku preparata sa SLN, u poređenju sa emulzijama, tako da se u odgovarajućoj koncentraciji duže zadržava na površini kože. Fine čestice fizičkog UV filtera titan-dioksida (TiO2), inkorporirane u preparate za zaštitu od sunca, efikasno štite kožu od UV zračenja.
PB  - Savez farmaceutskih udruženja Srbije, Beograd
T2  - Arhiv za farmaciju
T1  - Solid lipid nanoparticles: Application in sunscreens
T1  - Čvrste lipidne nanočestice - primena u preparatima za zaštitu od UV zračenja
VL  - 56
IS  - 2
SP  - 178
EP  - 189
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_farfar_704
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Milić, Jela and Savić, Snežana and Kovačević, Anđelka and Vuleta, Gordana",
year = "2006",
abstract = "There are two different ways of action for sunscreens, physical sunscreens and molecular sunscreens. The presence of sunscreens on top of the horny layer can cause phototoxic and photoallergic reactions. The development of suitable products which prevent penetration of the sunscreen into the skin is a challenge for manufacturers of cosmetic products. It has been shown that solid lipid nanoparticles act as active carriers for sunscreens due to their paniculate character i.e. they represent physical sunscreens on their own. Incorporation of molececuiar sunscreens into SLN has a synergistic effect on the protective characteristics. Therefore, amount of molecular sunscreen could be decreased while maintaining the protection level (compared to a conventional emulsion). Oxybenzone (benzophenone-3) is lipophilic sunscreen is widely used in commercially available cosmetic formulations such as lotions, o/w emulsions and has been studied intensely in vitro and in vivo. The release rate of oxybenzone is decreased when using SLN formulations compared to emulsions, thus more of the active remains on the surface of the skin; this effect is desired. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) fine particles are embedded with sunscreens into the skin to effectively attenuate UV-B radiation., Za zaštitu kože od UV zračenja koriste se dva tipa UV filtera: molekulski i fizički UV filteri. Prisustvo UV filtera na površini rožnatog sloja kože može izazvati fototoksične i fotoalergijske reakcije. Razvoj odgovarajućih proizvoda koji će sprečiti penetraciju UV filtera u kožu izazov je za proizvođače kozmetičkih proizvoda. Pokazano je da čvrste lipidne nanočestice (eng. solid lipid nanopartides, SLN) same predstavljaju fizičke UV filtere i da su pogodne kao nosači za filtere zbog svog čestičnog karaktera. Inkorporiranjem molekulskih UV filtera u SLN postiže se sinergistički efekat zaštite, pa je moguće smanjiti količinu molekulskih UV filtera, a da nivo zaštite bude održan (u poređenju sa konvencionalnim emulzionim nosačima). Oksibenzon (benzofenon-3) je lipofilni molekulski UV filter koji nalazi veliku primenu u komercijalnim kozmetičkim preparatima (U/V emulzije i U/V kremovi) za koga je pokazano da se usporeno oslobađa kada se koristi u obliku preparata sa SLN, u poređenju sa emulzijama, tako da se u odgovarajućoj koncentraciji duže zadržava na površini kože. Fine čestice fizičkog UV filtera titan-dioksida (TiO2), inkorporirane u preparate za zaštitu od sunca, efikasno štite kožu od UV zračenja.",
publisher = "Savez farmaceutskih udruženja Srbije, Beograd",
journal = "Arhiv za farmaciju",
title = "Solid lipid nanoparticles: Application in sunscreens, Čvrste lipidne nanočestice - primena u preparatima za zaštitu od UV zračenja",
volume = "56",
number = "2",
pages = "178-189",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_farfar_704"
}

Milić, J., Savić, S., Kovačević, A.,& Vuleta, G.. (2006). Solid lipid nanoparticles: Application in sunscreens. in Arhiv za farmaciju
Savez farmaceutskih udruženja Srbije, Beograd., 56(2), 178-189.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_farfar_704

Milić J, Savić S, Kovačević A, Vuleta G. Solid lipid nanoparticles: Application in sunscreens. in Arhiv za farmaciju. 2006;56(2):178-189.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_farfar_704 .

Milić, Jela, Savić, Snežana, Kovačević, Anđelka, Vuleta, Gordana, "Solid lipid nanoparticles: Application in sunscreens" in Arhiv za farmaciju, 56, no. 2 (2006):178-189,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_farfar_704 .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Milić, Jela
AU  - Kovačević, Anđelka
AU  - Savić, Snežana
AU  - Vuleta, Gordana
PY  - 2005
UR  - https://farfar.pharmacy.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/626
AB  - Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) introduced in 1991 represent an alternative carrier system to tradicional colloidal carriers (emulsions, liposomes and polymeric micro- and nanoparticles). Obtained diameters are generally bellow 1 цт. They are made of biodegradable lipids. Application of SLN in pharmaceutical formulations effect tissue targeting of many drugs and controlled release drugs (solid matrix leads to a decrease in diffusional mobility and accordingly to sustained release rates). Many different drugs have been incorporated in SLN. Amount of drug which is incorporated in system dependent of a loading capacity which perform important point of carrier system. Characterization of SLN is a serious challenge due to the small size of the particles (vesicles) and the complexity of the system, which includes also microhydrodinaniic phenomena. Disadvantages of SLN such as inherent low incorporation rate due the crystalline structure of solid lipid can be overcome by oil loaded solid nanolipids (also described as nanostructured lipid carriers, NLC). Specifically technology offers three different types of nanostructures: the „imperfect" type, the amorphous type and the multiple type.
AB  - Čvrste lipidne nanočestice (eng. solid lipid nanoparticles, SLNs) se izrađuju (formiraju) od biodegradabilnih lipida, sa prečnikom do 1μm. Primenom čvrstih lipidnih nanočestica u farmaceutskim preparatima moguće je postići ciljno delovanje za mnoge lekovite supstance i kontrolisano oslobađanje leka (čvrst matriks smanjuje difuzionu pokretljivost inkapsuliranih molekula i omogućava kontrolisano oslobađanje aktivne supstance). Različite lekovite supstance mogu se ugraditi u SLN. Količina lekovite supstance koja se može ugraditi u sistem zavisi od stepena inkapsulacije koji predstavlja važnu osobinu samog sistema nosača. Karakterizacija SLN je složena, zbog male veličine čestica i kompleksnosti sistema u koje su uključeni kompleksni fenomeni prenosa mase. Neki nedostaci SL.N, kao što je ograničena mogućnost ugrađivanja lekovite supstance, zbog kristalne strukture čvrstih lipida, mogu se prevazići razvojem čvrstih nanolipida koji sadrže ulja. Oni se opisuju kao nanostrukturirani lipidni nosači (eng. nanostructured lipid carriers, NLC). Specifične tehnologije danas pružaju mogućnost za izradu tri različita tipa nanostruktura: „imperfektan" tip, amorfni tip i multipli tip.
PB  - Savez farmaceutskih udruženja Srbije, Beograd
T2  - Arhiv za farmaciju
T1  - Solid lipid nanoparticles: Properties and applications
T1  - Čvrste lipidne nanočestice - osobine i primena
VL  - 55
IS  - 5-6
SP  - 540
EP  - 558
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_farfar_626
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Milić, Jela and Kovačević, Anđelka and Savić, Snežana and Vuleta, Gordana",
year = "2005",
abstract = "Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) introduced in 1991 represent an alternative carrier system to tradicional colloidal carriers (emulsions, liposomes and polymeric micro- and nanoparticles). Obtained diameters are generally bellow 1 цт. They are made of biodegradable lipids. Application of SLN in pharmaceutical formulations effect tissue targeting of many drugs and controlled release drugs (solid matrix leads to a decrease in diffusional mobility and accordingly to sustained release rates). Many different drugs have been incorporated in SLN. Amount of drug which is incorporated in system dependent of a loading capacity which perform important point of carrier system. Characterization of SLN is a serious challenge due to the small size of the particles (vesicles) and the complexity of the system, which includes also microhydrodinaniic phenomena. Disadvantages of SLN such as inherent low incorporation rate due the crystalline structure of solid lipid can be overcome by oil loaded solid nanolipids (also described as nanostructured lipid carriers, NLC). Specifically technology offers three different types of nanostructures: the „imperfect" type, the amorphous type and the multiple type., Čvrste lipidne nanočestice (eng. solid lipid nanoparticles, SLNs) se izrađuju (formiraju) od biodegradabilnih lipida, sa prečnikom do 1μm. Primenom čvrstih lipidnih nanočestica u farmaceutskim preparatima moguće je postići ciljno delovanje za mnoge lekovite supstance i kontrolisano oslobađanje leka (čvrst matriks smanjuje difuzionu pokretljivost inkapsuliranih molekula i omogućava kontrolisano oslobađanje aktivne supstance). Različite lekovite supstance mogu se ugraditi u SLN. Količina lekovite supstance koja se može ugraditi u sistem zavisi od stepena inkapsulacije koji predstavlja važnu osobinu samog sistema nosača. Karakterizacija SLN je složena, zbog male veličine čestica i kompleksnosti sistema u koje su uključeni kompleksni fenomeni prenosa mase. Neki nedostaci SL.N, kao što je ograničena mogućnost ugrađivanja lekovite supstance, zbog kristalne strukture čvrstih lipida, mogu se prevazići razvojem čvrstih nanolipida koji sadrže ulja. Oni se opisuju kao nanostrukturirani lipidni nosači (eng. nanostructured lipid carriers, NLC). Specifične tehnologije danas pružaju mogućnost za izradu tri različita tipa nanostruktura: „imperfektan" tip, amorfni tip i multipli tip.",
publisher = "Savez farmaceutskih udruženja Srbije, Beograd",
journal = "Arhiv za farmaciju",
title = "Solid lipid nanoparticles: Properties and applications, Čvrste lipidne nanočestice - osobine i primena",
volume = "55",
number = "5-6",
pages = "540-558",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_farfar_626"
}

Milić, J., Kovačević, A., Savić, S.,& Vuleta, G.. (2005). Solid lipid nanoparticles: Properties and applications. in Arhiv za farmaciju
Savez farmaceutskih udruženja Srbije, Beograd., 55(5-6), 540-558.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_farfar_626

Milić J, Kovačević A, Savić S, Vuleta G. Solid lipid nanoparticles: Properties and applications. in Arhiv za farmaciju. 2005;55(5-6):540-558.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_farfar_626 .

Milić, Jela, Kovačević, Anđelka, Savić, Snežana, Vuleta, Gordana, "Solid lipid nanoparticles: Properties and applications" in Arhiv za farmaciju, 55, no. 5-6 (2005):540-558,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_farfar_626 .