TY  - JOUR
AU  - Filipić, Brankica
AU  - Malešević, Milka
AU  - Vasiljević, Zorica
AU  - Novović, Katarina
AU  - Kojić, Milan
AU  - Jovčić, Branko
PY  - 2022
UR  - https://farfar.pharmacy.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/4370
AB  - Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (SXT) is the preferable treatment option of the infections caused by Achromobacter spp. Our study aimed to analyze the SXT resistance of 98 Achromobacter spp. isolates from pediatric patients, among which 33 isolates were SXT-resistant. The presence of intI1 was screened by PCR and genome sequence analyses. The intI1 gene was detected in 10 of SXT-resistant isolates that had shorter intI1 PCR fragments named intI1S. Structural changes in intI1S were confirmed by genome sequencing and analyses which revealed 86 amino acids deletion in IntI1S protein compared to canonical IntI1 protein. All IntI1S isolates were of non-CF origin. Pan-genome analysis of intI1S bearing A. xylosoxidans isolates comprised 9052 genes, with the core genome consisting of 5455 protein-coding genes. Results in this study indicate that IntI1S isolates were derived from clinical settings and that cystic fibrosis (CF) patients were potential reservoirs for healthcare-associated infections that occurred in non-CF patients.
PB  - Springer Science and Business Media B.V.
T2  - Folia Microbiologica
T1  - Comparative genomics of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole-resistant Achromobacter xylosoxidans clinical isolates from Serbia reveals shortened variant of class 1 integron integrase gene
VL  - n/d
DO  - 10.1007/s12223-022-01026-8
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Filipić, Brankica and Malešević, Milka and Vasiljević, Zorica and Novović, Katarina and Kojić, Milan and Jovčić, Branko",
year = "2022",
abstract = "Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (SXT) is the preferable treatment option of the infections caused by Achromobacter spp. Our study aimed to analyze the SXT resistance of 98 Achromobacter spp. isolates from pediatric patients, among which 33 isolates were SXT-resistant. The presence of intI1 was screened by PCR and genome sequence analyses. The intI1 gene was detected in 10 of SXT-resistant isolates that had shorter intI1 PCR fragments named intI1S. Structural changes in intI1S were confirmed by genome sequencing and analyses which revealed 86 amino acids deletion in IntI1S protein compared to canonical IntI1 protein. All IntI1S isolates were of non-CF origin. Pan-genome analysis of intI1S bearing A. xylosoxidans isolates comprised 9052 genes, with the core genome consisting of 5455 protein-coding genes. Results in this study indicate that IntI1S isolates were derived from clinical settings and that cystic fibrosis (CF) patients were potential reservoirs for healthcare-associated infections that occurred in non-CF patients.",
publisher = "Springer Science and Business Media B.V.",
journal = "Folia Microbiologica",
title = "Comparative genomics of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole-resistant Achromobacter xylosoxidans clinical isolates from Serbia reveals shortened variant of class 1 integron integrase gene",
volume = "n/d",
doi = "10.1007/s12223-022-01026-8"
}

Filipić, B., Malešević, M., Vasiljević, Z., Novović, K., Kojić, M.,& Jovčić, B.. (2022). Comparative genomics of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole-resistant Achromobacter xylosoxidans clinical isolates from Serbia reveals shortened variant of class 1 integron integrase gene. in Folia Microbiologica
Springer Science and Business Media B.V.., n/d.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12223-022-01026-8

Filipić B, Malešević M, Vasiljević Z, Novović K, Kojić M, Jovčić B. Comparative genomics of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole-resistant Achromobacter xylosoxidans clinical isolates from Serbia reveals shortened variant of class 1 integron integrase gene. in Folia Microbiologica. 2022;n/d.
doi:10.1007/s12223-022-01026-8 .

Filipić, Brankica, Malešević, Milka, Vasiljević, Zorica, Novović, Katarina, Kojić, Milan, Jovčić, Branko, "Comparative genomics of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole-resistant Achromobacter xylosoxidans clinical isolates from Serbia reveals shortened variant of class 1 integron integrase gene" in Folia Microbiologica, n/d (2022),
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12223-022-01026-8 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lilić, Branislav
AU  - Filipić, Brankica
AU  - Malesević, Milka
AU  - Novović, Katarina
AU  - Vasiljević, Zorica
AU  - Kojić, Milan
AU  - Jovčić, Branko
PY  - 2019
UR  - https://farfar.pharmacy.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/3298
AB  - The aim of this study was to evaluate the contribution of plasmid-mediated genes and efflux to fluoroquinolone resistance in collection of Achromobacter spp. gathered during a 3-year period. Susceptibility to ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin was tested by disk diffusion and microdilution tests for a collection of 98 Achromobacter spp. clinical isolates. Identification of fluoroquinolone-resistant isolates was performed by sequencing and phylogenetic analyses of the nrdA gene. Genetic relatedness among resistant isolates was determined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) analysis. The influence of an H+ conductor cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone (CCCP) and a resistance-nodulation-division-type efflux pump inhibitor phenylalanine-arginine beta-naphthylamide (PAN) on minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) value was evaluated by broth microdilution. The presence of the plasmid-mediated qnrA, qnrB, qnrC, qnrS, and aac-(6)-Ib-cr genes was investigated by PCR and sequencing. Achromobacter spp. isolates that were resistant or intermediately resistant to fluoroquinolones in disk diffusion tests (44/98) were subjected to microdilution. As a result, 20/98 isolates were confirmed to be resistant to ciprofloxacin while 10/98 was resistant to levofloxacin. CCCP decreased twofold MIC value for ciprofloxacin in six isolates and more than 16 times in one isolate, while MIC value for levofloxacin was decreased in all isolates (twofold to more than eightfold). Fluoroquinolone-resistant isolates were identified as A. xylosoxidans with the nrdA gene sequencing. PFGE revealed that resistant isolates belonged to seven different genotypes. Ten isolates belonging to four genotypes were positive for the aac-(6)-Ib-cr gene. Although resistance to fluoroquinolones was not widespread among analyzed isolates, detected contribution of efflux pumps and the presence of the aac-(6)-Ib-cr gene present a platform for emergence of more resistant strains.
PB  - Springer, Dordrecht
T2  - Folia Microbiologica
T1  - Fluoroquinolone-resistant Achromobacter xylosoxidans clinical isolates from Serbia: high prevalence of the aac-(6)-Ib-cr gene among resistant isolates
VL  - 64
IS  - 2
SP  - 153
EP  - 159
DO  - 10.1007/s12223-018-0639-7
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Lilić, Branislav and Filipić, Brankica and Malesević, Milka and Novović, Katarina and Vasiljević, Zorica and Kojić, Milan and Jovčić, Branko",
year = "2019",
abstract = "The aim of this study was to evaluate the contribution of plasmid-mediated genes and efflux to fluoroquinolone resistance in collection of Achromobacter spp. gathered during a 3-year period. Susceptibility to ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin was tested by disk diffusion and microdilution tests for a collection of 98 Achromobacter spp. clinical isolates. Identification of fluoroquinolone-resistant isolates was performed by sequencing and phylogenetic analyses of the nrdA gene. Genetic relatedness among resistant isolates was determined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) analysis. The influence of an H+ conductor cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone (CCCP) and a resistance-nodulation-division-type efflux pump inhibitor phenylalanine-arginine beta-naphthylamide (PAN) on minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) value was evaluated by broth microdilution. The presence of the plasmid-mediated qnrA, qnrB, qnrC, qnrS, and aac-(6)-Ib-cr genes was investigated by PCR and sequencing. Achromobacter spp. isolates that were resistant or intermediately resistant to fluoroquinolones in disk diffusion tests (44/98) were subjected to microdilution. As a result, 20/98 isolates were confirmed to be resistant to ciprofloxacin while 10/98 was resistant to levofloxacin. CCCP decreased twofold MIC value for ciprofloxacin in six isolates and more than 16 times in one isolate, while MIC value for levofloxacin was decreased in all isolates (twofold to more than eightfold). Fluoroquinolone-resistant isolates were identified as A. xylosoxidans with the nrdA gene sequencing. PFGE revealed that resistant isolates belonged to seven different genotypes. Ten isolates belonging to four genotypes were positive for the aac-(6)-Ib-cr gene. Although resistance to fluoroquinolones was not widespread among analyzed isolates, detected contribution of efflux pumps and the presence of the aac-(6)-Ib-cr gene present a platform for emergence of more resistant strains.",
publisher = "Springer, Dordrecht",
journal = "Folia Microbiologica",
title = "Fluoroquinolone-resistant Achromobacter xylosoxidans clinical isolates from Serbia: high prevalence of the aac-(6)-Ib-cr gene among resistant isolates",
volume = "64",
number = "2",
pages = "153-159",
doi = "10.1007/s12223-018-0639-7"
}

Lilić, B., Filipić, B., Malesević, M., Novović, K., Vasiljević, Z., Kojić, M.,& Jovčić, B.. (2019). Fluoroquinolone-resistant Achromobacter xylosoxidans clinical isolates from Serbia: high prevalence of the aac-(6)-Ib-cr gene among resistant isolates. in Folia Microbiologica
Springer, Dordrecht., 64(2), 153-159.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12223-018-0639-7

Lilić B, Filipić B, Malesević M, Novović K, Vasiljević Z, Kojić M, Jovčić B. Fluoroquinolone-resistant Achromobacter xylosoxidans clinical isolates from Serbia: high prevalence of the aac-(6)-Ib-cr gene among resistant isolates. in Folia Microbiologica. 2019;64(2):153-159.
doi:10.1007/s12223-018-0639-7 .

Lilić, Branislav, Filipić, Brankica, Malesević, Milka, Novović, Katarina, Vasiljević, Zorica, Kojić, Milan, Jovčić, Branko, "Fluoroquinolone-resistant Achromobacter xylosoxidans clinical isolates from Serbia: high prevalence of the aac-(6)-Ib-cr gene among resistant isolates" in Folia Microbiologica, 64, no. 2 (2019):153-159,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12223-018-0639-7 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Filipić, Brankica
AU  - Malesević, Milka
AU  - Vasiljević, Zorica
AU  - Lukić, Jovanka
AU  - Novović, Katarina
AU  - Kojić, Milan
AU  - Jovčić, Branko
PY  - 2017
UR  - https://farfar.pharmacy.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/2999
AB  - Achromobacter spp. are recognized as emerging pathogens in hospitalized as well as in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. From 2012 to 2015, we collected 69 clinical isolates (41 patient) of Achromobacter spp. from 13 patients with CF (CF isolates, n = 32) and 28 patients receiving care for other health conditions (non-CF isolates, n = 37). Molecular epidemiology and virulence potential of isolates were examined. Antimicrobial susceptibility, motility, ability to form biofilms and binding affinity to mucin, collagen, and fibronectin were tested to assess their virulence traits. The nrdA gene sequencing showed that A. xylosoxidans was the most prevalent species in both CF and non-CF patients. CF patients were also colonized with A. dolens/A, ruhlandii, A. insuavis, and A. spiritinus strains while non-CF group was somewhat less heterogenous, although A. insuavis, A. insolitus, and A. piechaudii strains were detected beside A. xylosoxidans. Three strains displayed clonal distribution, one among patients from the CF group and two among non-CF patients. No significant differences in susceptibility to antimicrobials were observed between CF and non-CF patients. About one third of the isolates were classified as strong biofilm producers, and the proportion of CF and non-CF isolates with the ability to form biofilm was almost identical. CF isolates were less motile compared to the non-CF group and no correlation was found between swimming phenotype and biofilm formation. On the other hand, CF isolates exhibited higher affinity to bind mucin, collagen, and fibronectin. In generall, CF isolates from our study exhibited in vitro properties that could be of importance for the colonization of CF patients.
PB  - Frontiers Media Sa, Lausanne
T2  - Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology
T1  - Uncovering Differences in Virulence Markers Associated with Achromobacter Species of CF and Non-CF Origin
VL  - 7
DO  - 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00224
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Filipić, Brankica and Malesević, Milka and Vasiljević, Zorica and Lukić, Jovanka and Novović, Katarina and Kojić, Milan and Jovčić, Branko",
year = "2017",
abstract = "Achromobacter spp. are recognized as emerging pathogens in hospitalized as well as in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. From 2012 to 2015, we collected 69 clinical isolates (41 patient) of Achromobacter spp. from 13 patients with CF (CF isolates, n = 32) and 28 patients receiving care for other health conditions (non-CF isolates, n = 37). Molecular epidemiology and virulence potential of isolates were examined. Antimicrobial susceptibility, motility, ability to form biofilms and binding affinity to mucin, collagen, and fibronectin were tested to assess their virulence traits. The nrdA gene sequencing showed that A. xylosoxidans was the most prevalent species in both CF and non-CF patients. CF patients were also colonized with A. dolens/A, ruhlandii, A. insuavis, and A. spiritinus strains while non-CF group was somewhat less heterogenous, although A. insuavis, A. insolitus, and A. piechaudii strains were detected beside A. xylosoxidans. Three strains displayed clonal distribution, one among patients from the CF group and two among non-CF patients. No significant differences in susceptibility to antimicrobials were observed between CF and non-CF patients. About one third of the isolates were classified as strong biofilm producers, and the proportion of CF and non-CF isolates with the ability to form biofilm was almost identical. CF isolates were less motile compared to the non-CF group and no correlation was found between swimming phenotype and biofilm formation. On the other hand, CF isolates exhibited higher affinity to bind mucin, collagen, and fibronectin. In generall, CF isolates from our study exhibited in vitro properties that could be of importance for the colonization of CF patients.",
publisher = "Frontiers Media Sa, Lausanne",
journal = "Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology",
title = "Uncovering Differences in Virulence Markers Associated with Achromobacter Species of CF and Non-CF Origin",
volume = "7",
doi = "10.3389/fcimb.2017.00224"
}

Filipić, B., Malesević, M., Vasiljević, Z., Lukić, J., Novović, K., Kojić, M.,& Jovčić, B.. (2017). Uncovering Differences in Virulence Markers Associated with Achromobacter Species of CF and Non-CF Origin. in Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology
Frontiers Media Sa, Lausanne., 7.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2017.00224

Filipić B, Malesević M, Vasiljević Z, Lukić J, Novović K, Kojić M, Jovčić B. Uncovering Differences in Virulence Markers Associated with Achromobacter Species of CF and Non-CF Origin. in Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology. 2017;7.
doi:10.3389/fcimb.2017.00224 .

Filipić, Brankica, Malesević, Milka, Vasiljević, Zorica, Lukić, Jovanka, Novović, Katarina, Kojić, Milan, Jovčić, Branko, "Uncovering Differences in Virulence Markers Associated with Achromobacter Species of CF and Non-CF Origin" in Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, 7 (2017),
https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2017.00224 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Malesević, Milka
AU  - Vasiljević, Zorica
AU  - Sovtić, Aleksandar
AU  - Filipić, Brankica
AU  - Novović, Katarina
AU  - Kojić, Milan
AU  - Jovčić, Branko
PY  - 2017
UR  - https://farfar.pharmacy.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/2974
AB  - Background: Burkholderia cenocepacia is considered one of the most problematic cystic fibrosis (CF) pathogens. Colonization prevalence in the Serbian CF population is high and virtually exclusively limited to a single highly transmissible clone of B. cenocepacia ST856 which is positive for both the B. cepacia epidemic strain marker (BCESM) and cable pilin, and is closely related to the epidemic strain CZ1 (ST32). Methods: Biofilm formation for 182 isolates, and adhesion to components of the host extracellular matrix, proteolytic activity, mucoidy and motility of selected ST856 representatives, as well as B. cenocepacia ST858 and ST859, and B. stabilis ST857, novel STs isolated from Serbian CF patients, were investigated in this study. The presence of the cepI, cepR, fliG, llpE, wbiI, and bcscV genes was analyzed. Results: Biofilm-formation ability of analyzed strains was poor under standard laboratory conditions, but changed in stress conditions (cold stress) and conditions that mimic CF milieu (increased CO2). All strains expressed ability to bind to collagen and fibronectin albeit with different intensity. Representatives of ST856 exhibited gelatinase activity. ST858, ST859 and 9/11 of ST856 genotypes were positive for swimming and twitching motility whereas ST857 was non-motile. Mucoidy was demonstrated in all ST856 genotypes, ST857 was semi-mucoid, and ST858 and ST859 were non-mucoid. Molecular analysis for major virulence factors revealed that ST856 and ST857 carried the six analyzed genes, while ST858 and ST859 were negative for the llpE gene. Conclusion: Variations in virulence phenotypes in different genotypes of epidemic B. cenocepacia ST856 clone, in vitro, could be a consequence of diversification driven by pathoadaptation. Diversity of epidemic clone genotypes virulence, could be challenging for accurate diagnosis and treatment, as well as for infection control.
PB  - Biomed Central Ltd, London
T2  - Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control
T1  - Virulence traits associated with Burkholderia cenocepacia ST856 epidemic strain isolated from cystic fibrosis patients
VL  - 6
DO  - 10.1186/s13756-017-0215-y
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Malesević, Milka and Vasiljević, Zorica and Sovtić, Aleksandar and Filipić, Brankica and Novović, Katarina and Kojić, Milan and Jovčić, Branko",
year = "2017",
abstract = "Background: Burkholderia cenocepacia is considered one of the most problematic cystic fibrosis (CF) pathogens. Colonization prevalence in the Serbian CF population is high and virtually exclusively limited to a single highly transmissible clone of B. cenocepacia ST856 which is positive for both the B. cepacia epidemic strain marker (BCESM) and cable pilin, and is closely related to the epidemic strain CZ1 (ST32). Methods: Biofilm formation for 182 isolates, and adhesion to components of the host extracellular matrix, proteolytic activity, mucoidy and motility of selected ST856 representatives, as well as B. cenocepacia ST858 and ST859, and B. stabilis ST857, novel STs isolated from Serbian CF patients, were investigated in this study. The presence of the cepI, cepR, fliG, llpE, wbiI, and bcscV genes was analyzed. Results: Biofilm-formation ability of analyzed strains was poor under standard laboratory conditions, but changed in stress conditions (cold stress) and conditions that mimic CF milieu (increased CO2). All strains expressed ability to bind to collagen and fibronectin albeit with different intensity. Representatives of ST856 exhibited gelatinase activity. ST858, ST859 and 9/11 of ST856 genotypes were positive for swimming and twitching motility whereas ST857 was non-motile. Mucoidy was demonstrated in all ST856 genotypes, ST857 was semi-mucoid, and ST858 and ST859 were non-mucoid. Molecular analysis for major virulence factors revealed that ST856 and ST857 carried the six analyzed genes, while ST858 and ST859 were negative for the llpE gene. Conclusion: Variations in virulence phenotypes in different genotypes of epidemic B. cenocepacia ST856 clone, in vitro, could be a consequence of diversification driven by pathoadaptation. Diversity of epidemic clone genotypes virulence, could be challenging for accurate diagnosis and treatment, as well as for infection control.",
publisher = "Biomed Central Ltd, London",
journal = "Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control",
title = "Virulence traits associated with Burkholderia cenocepacia ST856 epidemic strain isolated from cystic fibrosis patients",
volume = "6",
doi = "10.1186/s13756-017-0215-y"
}

Malesević, M., Vasiljević, Z., Sovtić, A., Filipić, B., Novović, K., Kojić, M.,& Jovčić, B.. (2017). Virulence traits associated with Burkholderia cenocepacia ST856 epidemic strain isolated from cystic fibrosis patients. in Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control
Biomed Central Ltd, London., 6.
https://doi.org/10.1186/s13756-017-0215-y

Malesević M, Vasiljević Z, Sovtić A, Filipić B, Novović K, Kojić M, Jovčić B. Virulence traits associated with Burkholderia cenocepacia ST856 epidemic strain isolated from cystic fibrosis patients. in Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control. 2017;6.
doi:10.1186/s13756-017-0215-y .

Malesević, Milka, Vasiljević, Zorica, Sovtić, Aleksandar, Filipić, Brankica, Novović, Katarina, Kojić, Milan, Jovčić, Branko, "Virulence traits associated with Burkholderia cenocepacia ST856 epidemic strain isolated from cystic fibrosis patients" in Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control, 6 (2017),
https://doi.org/10.1186/s13756-017-0215-y . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Novović, Katarina
AU  - Mihajlović, Sanja
AU  - Vasiljević, Zorica
AU  - Filipić, Brankica
AU  - Begović, Jelena
AU  - Jovčić, Branko
PY  - 2015
UR  - https://farfar.pharmacy.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/2421
AB  - Carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii present a significant therapeutic challenge for the treatment of nosocomial infections in many European countries. Although it is known that the gradient of A. baumannii prevalence increases from northern to southern Europe, this study provides the first data from Serbia. Twenty-eight carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii clinical isolates were collected at a Serbian pediatric hospital during a 2-year period. The majority of isolates (67.68%) belonged to the sequence type Group 1, European clonal complex II. All isolates harbored intrinsic OXA-51 and AmpC cephalosporinase. OXA-23 was detected in 16 isolates (57.14%), OXA-24 in 23 isolates (82.14%) and OXA-58 in 11 isolates (39.29%). Six of the isolates (21.43%) harbored all of the analyzed oxacillinases, except OXA-143 and OXA-235 that were not detected in this study. Production of oxacillinases was detected in different pulsotypes indicating the presence of horizontal gene transfer. NDM-1, VIM and IMP were not detected in analyzed clinical A. baumannii isolates. ISAba1 insertion sequence was present upstream of OXA-51 in one isolate, upstream of AmpC in 13 isolates and upstream of OXA-23 in 10 isolates. In silico analysis of carO sequences from analyzed A. baumannii isolates revealed the existence of two out of six highly polymorphic CarO variants. The phylogenetic analysis of CarO protein among Acinetobacter species revised the previous classification CarO variants into three groups based on strong bootstraps scores in the tree analysis. Group I comprises four variants (I-IV) while Groups II and III contain only one variant each. One half of the Serbian clinical isolates belong to Group I variant I, while the other half belongs to Group I variant III.
PB  - Public Library Science, San Francisco
T2  - PLoS One
T1  - Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii from Serbia: Revision of CarO Classification
VL  - 10
IS  - 3
DO  - 10.1371/journal.pone.0122793
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Novović, Katarina and Mihajlović, Sanja and Vasiljević, Zorica and Filipić, Brankica and Begović, Jelena and Jovčić, Branko",
year = "2015",
abstract = "Carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii present a significant therapeutic challenge for the treatment of nosocomial infections in many European countries. Although it is known that the gradient of A. baumannii prevalence increases from northern to southern Europe, this study provides the first data from Serbia. Twenty-eight carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii clinical isolates were collected at a Serbian pediatric hospital during a 2-year period. The majority of isolates (67.68%) belonged to the sequence type Group 1, European clonal complex II. All isolates harbored intrinsic OXA-51 and AmpC cephalosporinase. OXA-23 was detected in 16 isolates (57.14%), OXA-24 in 23 isolates (82.14%) and OXA-58 in 11 isolates (39.29%). Six of the isolates (21.43%) harbored all of the analyzed oxacillinases, except OXA-143 and OXA-235 that were not detected in this study. Production of oxacillinases was detected in different pulsotypes indicating the presence of horizontal gene transfer. NDM-1, VIM and IMP were not detected in analyzed clinical A. baumannii isolates. ISAba1 insertion sequence was present upstream of OXA-51 in one isolate, upstream of AmpC in 13 isolates and upstream of OXA-23 in 10 isolates. In silico analysis of carO sequences from analyzed A. baumannii isolates revealed the existence of two out of six highly polymorphic CarO variants. The phylogenetic analysis of CarO protein among Acinetobacter species revised the previous classification CarO variants into three groups based on strong bootstraps scores in the tree analysis. Group I comprises four variants (I-IV) while Groups II and III contain only one variant each. One half of the Serbian clinical isolates belong to Group I variant I, while the other half belongs to Group I variant III.",
publisher = "Public Library Science, San Francisco",
journal = "PLoS One",
title = "Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii from Serbia: Revision of CarO Classification",
volume = "10",
number = "3",
doi = "10.1371/journal.pone.0122793"
}

Novović, K., Mihajlović, S., Vasiljević, Z., Filipić, B., Begović, J.,& Jovčić, B.. (2015). Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii from Serbia: Revision of CarO Classification. in PLoS One
Public Library Science, San Francisco., 10(3).
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0122793

Novović K, Mihajlović S, Vasiljević Z, Filipić B, Begović J, Jovčić B. Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii from Serbia: Revision of CarO Classification. in PLoS One. 2015;10(3).
doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0122793 .

Novović, Katarina, Mihajlović, Sanja, Vasiljević, Zorica, Filipić, Brankica, Begović, Jelena, Jovčić, Branko, "Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii from Serbia: Revision of CarO Classification" in PLoS One, 10, no. 3 (2015),
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0122793 . .