TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bjørklund, Geir
AU  - Buha-Đorđević, Aleksandra
AU  - Hamdan, Halla
AU  - Wallace, David R.
AU  - Peana, Massimiliano
PY  - 2024
UR  - https://farfar.pharmacy.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/5443
AB  - Autoimmunity is a multifaceted disorder influenced by both genetic and environmental factors, and metal exposure has been implicated as a potential catalyst, especially in autoimmune diseases affecting the central nervous system. Notably, metals like mercury, lead, and aluminum exhibit well-established neurotoxic effects, yet the precise mechanisms by which they elicit autoimmune responses in susceptible individuals remain unclear. Recent studies propose that metal-induced autoimmunity may arise from direct toxic effects on immune cells and tissues, coupled with indirect impacts on the gut microbiome and the blood-brain barrier. These effects can activate self-reactive T cells, prompting the production of autoantibodies, inflammatory responses, and tissue damage. Diagnosing metal-induced autoimmunity proves challenging due to nonspecific symptoms and a lack of reliable biomarkers. Treatment typically involves chelation therapy to eliminate excess metals and immunomodulatory agents to suppress autoimmune responses. Prevention strategies include lifestyle adjustments to reduce metal exposure and avoiding occupational and environmental risks. Prognosis is generally favorable with proper treatment; however, untreated cases may lead to autoimmune disorder progression and irreversible organ damage, particularly in the brain. Future research aims to identify genetic and environmental risk factors, enhance diagnostic precision, and explore novel treatment approaches for improved prevention and management of this intricate and debilitating disease.
PB  - Elsevier B.V.
T2  - Autoimmunity Reviews
T1  - Metal-induced autoimmunity in neurological disorders: A review of current understanding and future directions
VL  - 23
IS  - 3
DO  - 10.1016/j.autrev.2023.103509
DO  - 2-s2.0-85181822086
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Bjørklund, Geir and Buha-Đorđević, Aleksandra and Hamdan, Halla and Wallace, David R. and Peana, Massimiliano",
year = "2024",
abstract = "Autoimmunity is a multifaceted disorder influenced by both genetic and environmental factors, and metal exposure has been implicated as a potential catalyst, especially in autoimmune diseases affecting the central nervous system. Notably, metals like mercury, lead, and aluminum exhibit well-established neurotoxic effects, yet the precise mechanisms by which they elicit autoimmune responses in susceptible individuals remain unclear. Recent studies propose that metal-induced autoimmunity may arise from direct toxic effects on immune cells and tissues, coupled with indirect impacts on the gut microbiome and the blood-brain barrier. These effects can activate self-reactive T cells, prompting the production of autoantibodies, inflammatory responses, and tissue damage. Diagnosing metal-induced autoimmunity proves challenging due to nonspecific symptoms and a lack of reliable biomarkers. Treatment typically involves chelation therapy to eliminate excess metals and immunomodulatory agents to suppress autoimmune responses. Prevention strategies include lifestyle adjustments to reduce metal exposure and avoiding occupational and environmental risks. Prognosis is generally favorable with proper treatment; however, untreated cases may lead to autoimmune disorder progression and irreversible organ damage, particularly in the brain. Future research aims to identify genetic and environmental risk factors, enhance diagnostic precision, and explore novel treatment approaches for improved prevention and management of this intricate and debilitating disease.",
publisher = "Elsevier B.V.",
journal = "Autoimmunity Reviews",
title = "Metal-induced autoimmunity in neurological disorders: A review of current understanding and future directions",
volume = "23",
number = "3",
doi = "10.1016/j.autrev.2023.103509, 2-s2.0-85181822086"
}

Bjørklund, G., Buha-Đorđević, A., Hamdan, H., Wallace, D. R.,& Peana, M.. (2024). Metal-induced autoimmunity in neurological disorders: A review of current understanding and future directions. in Autoimmunity Reviews
Elsevier B.V.., 23(3).
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autrev.2023.103509

Bjørklund G, Buha-Đorđević A, Hamdan H, Wallace DR, Peana M. Metal-induced autoimmunity in neurological disorders: A review of current understanding and future directions. in Autoimmunity Reviews. 2024;23(3).
doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2023.103509 .

Bjørklund, Geir, Buha-Đorđević, Aleksandra, Hamdan, Halla, Wallace, David R., Peana, Massimiliano, "Metal-induced autoimmunity in neurological disorders: A review of current understanding and future directions" in Autoimmunity Reviews, 23, no. 3 (2024),
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autrev.2023.103509 . .