TY  - CONF
AU  - Aleksić, Ivana
AU  - Ćirin-Varađan, Slobodanka
AU  - Glišić, Teodora
AU  - Petrović, Nađa
AU  - Đuriš, Jelena
AU  - Parojčić, Jelena
PY  - 2023
UR  - https://farfar.pharmacy.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/5067
AB  - Direct compression, as the simplest and therefore
preferable method of tableting, is often hindered by poor
flow and compaction properties of the active
pharmaceutical ingredient (API). Tableting by direct
compression is particularly challenging when high API
loading is required. The use of co-processed excipients can
result in a robust directly compressible formulation, while
melt granulation has emerged as an environmentally
friendly co-processing method that can result in highly
functional co-processed excipients (Ćirin-Varađan et al,
2022).
The aim of the present study was to investigate the
suitability of lactose co-processed with glyceryl
palmitostearate for the preparation of a directly
compressible formulation of ibuprofen, a challenging high-
dose API. The influence of initial particle size of glyceryl
palmitostearate, ibuprofen content and compression
parameters on compaction behavior of tableting mixtures
was investigated.
PB  - Macedonian Pharmaceutical Association
PB  - Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Faculty of Pharmacy
C3  - Macedonian Pharmaceutical Bulletin
T1  - From co-processing by melt granulation towards direct compression of high ibuprofen loaded formulations
VL  - 69
IS  - Suppl 1
SP  - 139
EP  - 140
DO  - 10.33320/maced.pharm.bull.2023.69.03.068
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Aleksić, Ivana and Ćirin-Varađan, Slobodanka and Glišić, Teodora and Petrović, Nađa and Đuriš, Jelena and Parojčić, Jelena",
year = "2023",
abstract = "Direct compression, as the simplest and therefore
preferable method of tableting, is often hindered by poor
flow and compaction properties of the active
pharmaceutical ingredient (API). Tableting by direct
compression is particularly challenging when high API
loading is required. The use of co-processed excipients can
result in a robust directly compressible formulation, while
melt granulation has emerged as an environmentally
friendly co-processing method that can result in highly
functional co-processed excipients (Ćirin-Varađan et al,
2022).
The aim of the present study was to investigate the
suitability of lactose co-processed with glyceryl
palmitostearate for the preparation of a directly
compressible formulation of ibuprofen, a challenging high-
dose API. The influence of initial particle size of glyceryl
palmitostearate, ibuprofen content and compression
parameters on compaction behavior of tableting mixtures
was investigated.",
publisher = "Macedonian Pharmaceutical Association, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Faculty of Pharmacy",
journal = "Macedonian Pharmaceutical Bulletin",
title = "From co-processing by melt granulation towards direct compression of high ibuprofen loaded formulations",
volume = "69",
number = "Suppl 1",
pages = "139-140",
doi = "10.33320/maced.pharm.bull.2023.69.03.068"
}

Aleksić, I., Ćirin-Varađan, S., Glišić, T., Petrović, N., Đuriš, J.,& Parojčić, J.. (2023). From co-processing by melt granulation towards direct compression of high ibuprofen loaded formulations. in Macedonian Pharmaceutical Bulletin
Macedonian Pharmaceutical Association., 69(Suppl 1), 139-140.
https://doi.org/10.33320/maced.pharm.bull.2023.69.03.068

Aleksić I, Ćirin-Varađan S, Glišić T, Petrović N, Đuriš J, Parojčić J. From co-processing by melt granulation towards direct compression of high ibuprofen loaded formulations. in Macedonian Pharmaceutical Bulletin. 2023;69(Suppl 1):139-140.
doi:10.33320/maced.pharm.bull.2023.69.03.068 .

Aleksić, Ivana, Ćirin-Varađan, Slobodanka, Glišić, Teodora, Petrović, Nađa, Đuriš, Jelena, Parojčić, Jelena, "From co-processing by melt granulation towards direct compression of high ibuprofen loaded formulations" in Macedonian Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 69, no. Suppl 1 (2023):139-140,
https://doi.org/10.33320/maced.pharm.bull.2023.69.03.068 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Glišić, Teodora
AU  - Đuriš, Jelena
AU  - Vasiljević, Ivana
AU  - Parojčić, Jelena
AU  - Aleksić, Ivana
PY  - 2023
UR  - https://farfar.pharmacy.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/4581
AB  - The processing of liquisolid systems (LSS), which are considered a promising approach
to improving the oral bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs, has proven challenging due to the
relatively high amount of liquid phase incorporated within them. The objective of this study was to
apply machine-learning tools to better understand the effects of formulation factors and/or tableting
process parameters on the flowability and compaction properties of LSS with silica-based mesoporous
excipients as carriers. In addition, the results of the flowability testing and dynamic compaction
analysis of liquisolid admixtures were used to build data sets and develop predictive multivariate
models. In the regression analysis, six different algorithms were used to model the relationship
between tensile strength (TS), the target variable, and eight other input variables. The AdaBoost
algorithm provided the best-fit model for predicting TS (coefficient of determination = 0.94), with
ejection stress (ES), compaction pressure, and carrier type being the parameters that influenced its
performance the most. The same algorithm was best for classification (precision = 0.90), depending on
the type of carrier used, with detachment stress, ES, and TS as variables affecting the performance of
the model. Furthermore, the formulations with Neusilin® US2 were able to maintain good flowability
and satisfactory values of TS despite having a higher liquid load compared to the other two carriers.
PB  - MDPI
T2  - Pharmaceutics
T1  - Application of Machine-Learning Algorithms for Better Understanding the Properties of Liquisolid Systems Prepared with Three Mesoporous Silica Based Carriers
VL  - 15
IS  - 3
SP  - 741
EP  - 761
DO  - 10.3390/pharmaceutics15030741
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Glišić, Teodora and Đuriš, Jelena and Vasiljević, Ivana and Parojčić, Jelena and Aleksić, Ivana",
year = "2023",
abstract = "The processing of liquisolid systems (LSS), which are considered a promising approach
to improving the oral bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs, has proven challenging due to the
relatively high amount of liquid phase incorporated within them. The objective of this study was to
apply machine-learning tools to better understand the effects of formulation factors and/or tableting
process parameters on the flowability and compaction properties of LSS with silica-based mesoporous
excipients as carriers. In addition, the results of the flowability testing and dynamic compaction
analysis of liquisolid admixtures were used to build data sets and develop predictive multivariate
models. In the regression analysis, six different algorithms were used to model the relationship
between tensile strength (TS), the target variable, and eight other input variables. The AdaBoost
algorithm provided the best-fit model for predicting TS (coefficient of determination = 0.94), with
ejection stress (ES), compaction pressure, and carrier type being the parameters that influenced its
performance the most. The same algorithm was best for classification (precision = 0.90), depending on
the type of carrier used, with detachment stress, ES, and TS as variables affecting the performance of
the model. Furthermore, the formulations with Neusilin® US2 were able to maintain good flowability
and satisfactory values of TS despite having a higher liquid load compared to the other two carriers.",
publisher = "MDPI",
journal = "Pharmaceutics",
title = "Application of Machine-Learning Algorithms for Better Understanding the Properties of Liquisolid Systems Prepared with Three Mesoporous Silica Based Carriers",
volume = "15",
number = "3",
pages = "741-761",
doi = "10.3390/pharmaceutics15030741"
}

Glišić, T., Đuriš, J., Vasiljević, I., Parojčić, J.,& Aleksić, I.. (2023). Application of Machine-Learning Algorithms for Better Understanding the Properties of Liquisolid Systems Prepared with Three Mesoporous Silica Based Carriers. in Pharmaceutics
MDPI., 15(3), 741-761.
https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15030741

Glišić T, Đuriš J, Vasiljević I, Parojčić J, Aleksić I. Application of Machine-Learning Algorithms for Better Understanding the Properties of Liquisolid Systems Prepared with Three Mesoporous Silica Based Carriers. in Pharmaceutics. 2023;15(3):741-761.
doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics15030741 .

Glišić, Teodora, Đuriš, Jelena, Vasiljević, Ivana, Parojčić, Jelena, Aleksić, Ivana, "Application of Machine-Learning Algorithms for Better Understanding the Properties of Liquisolid Systems Prepared with Three Mesoporous Silica Based Carriers" in Pharmaceutics, 15, no. 3 (2023):741-761,
https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15030741 . .

TY  - CONF
AU  - Vasiljević, Ivana
AU  - Pasik, Paulina
AU  - Turković, Erna
AU  - Ivković, Branka
AU  - Hejduk, Arkadiusz
AU  - Lulek, Janina
AU  - Parojčić, Jelena
PY  - 2023
UR  - https://farfar.pharmacy.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/5072
AB  - Direct compression represents a favorable tablet
manufacturing method. However, obtaining satisfactory
mechanical properties of the compacts and drug dissolution
remains a challenge in formulation development,
particularly in the case of challenging model drugs.
Rivaroxaban is classified as a class II model drug
according to the Biopharmaceutical Classification System
and exhibits prominent cohesiveness and low aqueous
solubility (Choi et al., 2022). The aim of this work was to
evaluate the influence of different directly compressible
fillers/diluents on selected compact properties (namely,
tensile strength, friability, and disintegration) and the
dissolution of rivaroxaban from the prepared compacts.
PB  - Macedonian Pharmaceutical Association
PB  - Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Faculty of Pharmacy
C3  - Macedonian Pharmaceutical Bulletin
T1  - The influence of directly compressible fillers/diluents on selected compact properties and drug dissolution: a case study of rivaroxaban
VL  - 69
IS  - Suppl 1
SP  - 289
EP  - 290
DO  - 10.33320/maced.pharm.bull.2023.69.03.140
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Vasiljević, Ivana and Pasik, Paulina and Turković, Erna and Ivković, Branka and Hejduk, Arkadiusz and Lulek, Janina and Parojčić, Jelena",
year = "2023",
abstract = "Direct compression represents a favorable tablet
manufacturing method. However, obtaining satisfactory
mechanical properties of the compacts and drug dissolution
remains a challenge in formulation development,
particularly in the case of challenging model drugs.
Rivaroxaban is classified as a class II model drug
according to the Biopharmaceutical Classification System
and exhibits prominent cohesiveness and low aqueous
solubility (Choi et al., 2022). The aim of this work was to
evaluate the influence of different directly compressible
fillers/diluents on selected compact properties (namely,
tensile strength, friability, and disintegration) and the
dissolution of rivaroxaban from the prepared compacts.",
publisher = "Macedonian Pharmaceutical Association, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Faculty of Pharmacy",
journal = "Macedonian Pharmaceutical Bulletin",
title = "The influence of directly compressible fillers/diluents on selected compact properties and drug dissolution: a case study of rivaroxaban",
volume = "69",
number = "Suppl 1",
pages = "289-290",
doi = "10.33320/maced.pharm.bull.2023.69.03.140"
}

Vasiljević, I., Pasik, P., Turković, E., Ivković, B., Hejduk, A., Lulek, J.,& Parojčić, J.. (2023). The influence of directly compressible fillers/diluents on selected compact properties and drug dissolution: a case study of rivaroxaban. in Macedonian Pharmaceutical Bulletin
Macedonian Pharmaceutical Association., 69(Suppl 1), 289-290.
https://doi.org/10.33320/maced.pharm.bull.2023.69.03.140

Vasiljević I, Pasik P, Turković E, Ivković B, Hejduk A, Lulek J, Parojčić J. The influence of directly compressible fillers/diluents on selected compact properties and drug dissolution: a case study of rivaroxaban. in Macedonian Pharmaceutical Bulletin. 2023;69(Suppl 1):289-290.
doi:10.33320/maced.pharm.bull.2023.69.03.140 .

Vasiljević, Ivana, Pasik, Paulina, Turković, Erna, Ivković, Branka, Hejduk, Arkadiusz, Lulek, Janina, Parojčić, Jelena, "The influence of directly compressible fillers/diluents on selected compact properties and drug dissolution: a case study of rivaroxaban" in Macedonian Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 69, no. Suppl 1 (2023):289-290,
https://doi.org/10.33320/maced.pharm.bull.2023.69.03.140 . .

TY  - CONF
AU  - Turković, Erna
AU  - Vasiljević, Ivana
AU  - Parojčić, Jelena
PY  - 2023
UR  - https://farfar.pharmacy.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/5064
AB  - Thin films are polymeric strips that disintegrate in the
oral cavity and consist of a film-forming agent and an
active pharmaceutical ingredient (API). Generally, thin
films disintegrate within seconds, but their composition
can be modified to allow slower disintegration and release
of the loaded API, depending on the properties of the film.
Research into various aspects of oral thin films is
progressing rapidly, but thin films are also being discussed
in the context of a broader range of other dosage forms,
such as carrier for multiparticulates or nano-based dosage
forms and for the fixed-dose combinations (Turković et al.,
2022). Large amounts of data are being generated over the
years, so integrating machine learning algorithms can be
beneficial to gain more in-depth knowledge about the thin
film properties and interactions between film constituents.
Gradient boosted tree is one of machine learning tools that
perform regression or classification by combining the
outputs from individual decision trees. This work is aimed
to explore the possibility of integrating a machine learning
approach in evaluation of experimental data obtained by
films characterization. Potential application of Gradient
boosted trees for thin films characterization based on their
disintegration properties as film critical quality attribute
was investigated.
PB  - Macedonian Pharmaceutical Association
PB  - Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Faculty of Pharmacy
C3  - Macedonian Pharmaceutical Bulletin
T1  - Application of the Gradient boosted tree approach for thin film classification based on disintegration time
VL  - 69
IS  - Suppl 1
SP  - 113
EP  - 114
DO  - 10.33320/maced.pharm.bull.2023.69.03.055
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Turković, Erna and Vasiljević, Ivana and Parojčić, Jelena",
year = "2023",
abstract = "Thin films are polymeric strips that disintegrate in the
oral cavity and consist of a film-forming agent and an
active pharmaceutical ingredient (API). Generally, thin
films disintegrate within seconds, but their composition
can be modified to allow slower disintegration and release
of the loaded API, depending on the properties of the film.
Research into various aspects of oral thin films is
progressing rapidly, but thin films are also being discussed
in the context of a broader range of other dosage forms,
such as carrier for multiparticulates or nano-based dosage
forms and for the fixed-dose combinations (Turković et al.,
2022). Large amounts of data are being generated over the
years, so integrating machine learning algorithms can be
beneficial to gain more in-depth knowledge about the thin
film properties and interactions between film constituents.
Gradient boosted tree is one of machine learning tools that
perform regression or classification by combining the
outputs from individual decision trees. This work is aimed
to explore the possibility of integrating a machine learning
approach in evaluation of experimental data obtained by
films characterization. Potential application of Gradient
boosted trees for thin films characterization based on their
disintegration properties as film critical quality attribute
was investigated.",
publisher = "Macedonian Pharmaceutical Association, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Faculty of Pharmacy",
journal = "Macedonian Pharmaceutical Bulletin",
title = "Application of the Gradient boosted tree approach for thin film classification based on disintegration time",
volume = "69",
number = "Suppl 1",
pages = "113-114",
doi = "10.33320/maced.pharm.bull.2023.69.03.055"
}

Turković, E., Vasiljević, I.,& Parojčić, J.. (2023). Application of the Gradient boosted tree approach for thin film classification based on disintegration time. in Macedonian Pharmaceutical Bulletin
Macedonian Pharmaceutical Association., 69(Suppl 1), 113-114.
https://doi.org/10.33320/maced.pharm.bull.2023.69.03.055

Turković E, Vasiljević I, Parojčić J. Application of the Gradient boosted tree approach for thin film classification based on disintegration time. in Macedonian Pharmaceutical Bulletin. 2023;69(Suppl 1):113-114.
doi:10.33320/maced.pharm.bull.2023.69.03.055 .

Turković, Erna, Vasiljević, Ivana, Parojčić, Jelena, "Application of the Gradient boosted tree approach for thin film classification based on disintegration time" in Macedonian Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 69, no. Suppl 1 (2023):113-114,
https://doi.org/10.33320/maced.pharm.bull.2023.69.03.055 . .

TY  - CONF
AU  - Turković, Erna
AU  - Velkoska, Elena
AU  - Nančeva, Ana Marija
AU  - Vasiljević, Ivana
AU  - Goračinova, Katerina
AU  - Parojčić, Jelena
PY  - 2023
UR  - https://farfar.pharmacy.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/5073
AB  - Semi-solid 3D printing technology has gained
increased interest in the pharmaceutical field as it enables
on-demand fabrication of personalized dosage forms.
Orodispersible films (ODFs) are good candidates for 3D
printing because of their relatively simple formulation,
flexible dosing, and suitability for administration in
different populations. The aim of this work was to
investigate the applicability of sodium carboxymethyl
cellulose and sodium alginate as film-forming agents for
3D printed ODFs incorporating amlodipine or warfarin as
selected model active pharmaceutical ingredients (API).
PB  - Macedonian Pharmaceutical Association
PB  - Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Faculty of Pharmacy
C3  - Macedonian Pharmaceutical Bulletin
T1  - An investigation into applicability of sodium carboxymethylcellulose and sodium alginate as film-forming agents for semi-solid 3D printing
VL  - 69
IS  - Suppl 1
SP  - 291
EP  - 292
DO  - 10.33320/maced.pharm.bull.2023.69.03.141
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Turković, Erna and Velkoska, Elena and Nančeva, Ana Marija and Vasiljević, Ivana and Goračinova, Katerina and Parojčić, Jelena",
year = "2023",
abstract = "Semi-solid 3D printing technology has gained
increased interest in the pharmaceutical field as it enables
on-demand fabrication of personalized dosage forms.
Orodispersible films (ODFs) are good candidates for 3D
printing because of their relatively simple formulation,
flexible dosing, and suitability for administration in
different populations. The aim of this work was to
investigate the applicability of sodium carboxymethyl
cellulose and sodium alginate as film-forming agents for
3D printed ODFs incorporating amlodipine or warfarin as
selected model active pharmaceutical ingredients (API).",
publisher = "Macedonian Pharmaceutical Association, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Faculty of Pharmacy",
journal = "Macedonian Pharmaceutical Bulletin",
title = "An investigation into applicability of sodium carboxymethylcellulose and sodium alginate as film-forming agents for semi-solid 3D printing",
volume = "69",
number = "Suppl 1",
pages = "291-292",
doi = "10.33320/maced.pharm.bull.2023.69.03.141"
}

Turković, E., Velkoska, E., Nančeva, A. M., Vasiljević, I., Goračinova, K.,& Parojčić, J.. (2023). An investigation into applicability of sodium carboxymethylcellulose and sodium alginate as film-forming agents for semi-solid 3D printing. in Macedonian Pharmaceutical Bulletin
Macedonian Pharmaceutical Association., 69(Suppl 1), 291-292.
https://doi.org/10.33320/maced.pharm.bull.2023.69.03.141

Turković E, Velkoska E, Nančeva AM, Vasiljević I, Goračinova K, Parojčić J. An investigation into applicability of sodium carboxymethylcellulose and sodium alginate as film-forming agents for semi-solid 3D printing. in Macedonian Pharmaceutical Bulletin. 2023;69(Suppl 1):291-292.
doi:10.33320/maced.pharm.bull.2023.69.03.141 .

Turković, Erna, Velkoska, Elena, Nančeva, Ana Marija, Vasiljević, Ivana, Goračinova, Katerina, Parojčić, Jelena, "An investigation into applicability of sodium carboxymethylcellulose and sodium alginate as film-forming agents for semi-solid 3D printing" in Macedonian Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 69, no. Suppl 1 (2023):291-292,
https://doi.org/10.33320/maced.pharm.bull.2023.69.03.141 . .

TY  - CONF
AU  - Vasiljević, Ivana
AU  - Turković, Erna
AU  - Parojčić, Jelena
PY  - 2023
UR  - https://farfar.pharmacy.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/5052
AB  - Multiparticulate unit systems (MPUs) represent
versatile drug delivery systems which provide flexible
dosing and reproducible drug release profile (Al-Hashimi
et al., 2018). They are usually filled in capsules/sachets or
compressed into tablets, and, in order to ensure good
processability, thorough MPU characterization is required.
The aim of this work was to explore the impact of
composition and preparation method on MPU
characteristics and identify potential patterns between the
data using advanced computational analysis. ...
PB  - Macedonian Pharmaceutical Association
PB  - Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Faculty of Pharmacy
C3  - Macedonian Pharmaceutical Bulletin
T1  - Data mining implementation in multiparticulate unit systems characterization
VL  - 69
IS  - Suppl 1
SP  - 103
EP  - 104
DO  - 10.33320/maced.pharm.bull.2023.69.03.050
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Vasiljević, Ivana and Turković, Erna and Parojčić, Jelena",
year = "2023",
abstract = "Multiparticulate unit systems (MPUs) represent
versatile drug delivery systems which provide flexible
dosing and reproducible drug release profile (Al-Hashimi
et al., 2018). They are usually filled in capsules/sachets or
compressed into tablets, and, in order to ensure good
processability, thorough MPU characterization is required.
The aim of this work was to explore the impact of
composition and preparation method on MPU
characteristics and identify potential patterns between the
data using advanced computational analysis. ...",
publisher = "Macedonian Pharmaceutical Association, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Faculty of Pharmacy",
journal = "Macedonian Pharmaceutical Bulletin",
title = "Data mining implementation in multiparticulate unit systems characterization",
volume = "69",
number = "Suppl 1",
pages = "103-104",
doi = "10.33320/maced.pharm.bull.2023.69.03.050"
}

Vasiljević, I., Turković, E.,& Parojčić, J.. (2023). Data mining implementation in multiparticulate unit systems characterization. in Macedonian Pharmaceutical Bulletin
Macedonian Pharmaceutical Association., 69(Suppl 1), 103-104.
https://doi.org/10.33320/maced.pharm.bull.2023.69.03.050

Vasiljević I, Turković E, Parojčić J. Data mining implementation in multiparticulate unit systems characterization. in Macedonian Pharmaceutical Bulletin. 2023;69(Suppl 1):103-104.
doi:10.33320/maced.pharm.bull.2023.69.03.050 .

Vasiljević, Ivana, Turković, Erna, Parojčić, Jelena, "Data mining implementation in multiparticulate unit systems characterization" in Macedonian Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 69, no. Suppl 1 (2023):103-104,
https://doi.org/10.33320/maced.pharm.bull.2023.69.03.050 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Aleksić, Ivana
AU  - Glišić, Teodora
AU  - Cvijić, Sandra
AU  - Parojčić, Jelena
PY  - 2022
UR  - https://farfar.pharmacy.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/4244
AB  - Liquisolid systems represent an emerging approach in the preparation of solid dosage forms with liquid lipophilic drug or poorly water-soluble drug solution/suspension in suitable liquid vehicle. This study addresses the lack of data regarding the compaction behavior of liquisolid systems, with the aim to investigate the influence of liquid load, carrier to coating ratio, carrier type (microcrystalline cellulose vs. spray dried calcium hydrogen phosphate, anhydrous (Fujicalin ® )) on flowability and compaction properties of liquisolid systems and to determine the optimum liquid loads. Liquisolid admixtures with Fujicalin® showed notably better flowability than those with microcrystalline cellulose. An increase in carrier to coating ratio led to enhanced flowability of the admixtures. Compacts with Fujicalin® had good mechanical properties up to 24.7% liquid, while those with microcrystalline cellulose had acceptable mechanical strength up to 16.2% liquid. Liquisolid systems with Fujicalin® showed similar tabletability profiles as those with microcrystalline cellulose, despite having higher liquid content. The ejection stress values indicated that the addition of lubricant might be needed in the case of liquisolid systems with Fujicalin ® . Superior properties of Fujicalin ® as a carrier for liquisolid tablets were revealed, and dynamic compaction analysis was found to be a valuable tool for the assessment of compaction behavior of liquisolid systems.
AB  - Tečno-čvrsti sistemi predstavljaju novi pristup izradi čvrstih farmaceutskih oblika koji sadrže tečnu lipofilnu lekovitu supstancu ili rastvor/suspenziju slabo rastvorljive lekovite supstance u pogodnom vehikulumu. Imajući u vidu nedostatak literaturnih podataka o ponašanju tečno-čvrstih sistema pri kompresiji, cilj ovog istraživanja je ispitivanje uticaja opterećenja tečnošću, odnosa nosača i sredstva za oblaganje, kao i vrste nosača (mikrokristalna celuloza i bezvodni kalcijum-hidrogenfosfat sušen raspršivanjem (Fujicalin ® )) na protočnost i svojstva tečno-čvrstih sistema pri kompresiji, kao i određivanje optimalnog opterećenja tečnošću. Tečno- čvrste smeše sa Fujicalin ® -om su pokazale znatno bolju protočnost nego smeše sa mikrokristalnom celulozom. Uočeno je da se sa povećanjem odnosa nosača i sredstva za oblaganje poboljšava protočnost smeša. Kompakti sa Fujicalin ® -om su imali dobra mehanička svojstva do udela od 24,7% tečnosti, a kompakti sa mikrokristalnom celulozom do udela od 16,2% tečnosti. Tečno-čvrsti sistemi sa Fujicalin ® -om su pokazali slične profile tabletabilnosti onim sa mikrokristalnom celulozom, uprkos tome što sadrže znatno veći udeo tečnosti. Vrednosti pritiska potrebnog za izbacivanje kompakta iz matrice ukazuju da bi dodatak lubrikansa mogao biti potreban u slučaju tečno-čvrstih sistema sa Fujicalin ® -om. Dobijeni rezultati ukazuju na superiorna svojstva Fujicalin ® -a kao nosača u tečno-čvrstim tabletama, a dinamička analiza kompakcije može predstavljati koristan alat za procenu ponašanja tečno-čvrstih sistema pri kompresiji.
PB  - Pharmaceutical Association of Serbia
T2  - Arhiv za farmaciju
T1  - Liquisolid systems: Evaluation of the influence of formulation variables on the optimum liquid load
T1  - Tečno-čvrsti sistemi: Ispitivanje uticaja faktora formulacije na optimalno opterećenje tečnošću
VL  - 72
IS  - 1
SP  - 61
EP  - 76
DO  - 10.5937/arhfarm72-33130
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Aleksić, Ivana and Glišić, Teodora and Cvijić, Sandra and Parojčić, Jelena",
year = "2022",
abstract = "Liquisolid systems represent an emerging approach in the preparation of solid dosage forms with liquid lipophilic drug or poorly water-soluble drug solution/suspension in suitable liquid vehicle. This study addresses the lack of data regarding the compaction behavior of liquisolid systems, with the aim to investigate the influence of liquid load, carrier to coating ratio, carrier type (microcrystalline cellulose vs. spray dried calcium hydrogen phosphate, anhydrous (Fujicalin ® )) on flowability and compaction properties of liquisolid systems and to determine the optimum liquid loads. Liquisolid admixtures with Fujicalin® showed notably better flowability than those with microcrystalline cellulose. An increase in carrier to coating ratio led to enhanced flowability of the admixtures. Compacts with Fujicalin® had good mechanical properties up to 24.7% liquid, while those with microcrystalline cellulose had acceptable mechanical strength up to 16.2% liquid. Liquisolid systems with Fujicalin® showed similar tabletability profiles as those with microcrystalline cellulose, despite having higher liquid content. The ejection stress values indicated that the addition of lubricant might be needed in the case of liquisolid systems with Fujicalin ® . Superior properties of Fujicalin ® as a carrier for liquisolid tablets were revealed, and dynamic compaction analysis was found to be a valuable tool for the assessment of compaction behavior of liquisolid systems., Tečno-čvrsti sistemi predstavljaju novi pristup izradi čvrstih farmaceutskih oblika koji sadrže tečnu lipofilnu lekovitu supstancu ili rastvor/suspenziju slabo rastvorljive lekovite supstance u pogodnom vehikulumu. Imajući u vidu nedostatak literaturnih podataka o ponašanju tečno-čvrstih sistema pri kompresiji, cilj ovog istraživanja je ispitivanje uticaja opterećenja tečnošću, odnosa nosača i sredstva za oblaganje, kao i vrste nosača (mikrokristalna celuloza i bezvodni kalcijum-hidrogenfosfat sušen raspršivanjem (Fujicalin ® )) na protočnost i svojstva tečno-čvrstih sistema pri kompresiji, kao i određivanje optimalnog opterećenja tečnošću. Tečno- čvrste smeše sa Fujicalin ® -om su pokazale znatno bolju protočnost nego smeše sa mikrokristalnom celulozom. Uočeno je da se sa povećanjem odnosa nosača i sredstva za oblaganje poboljšava protočnost smeša. Kompakti sa Fujicalin ® -om su imali dobra mehanička svojstva do udela od 24,7% tečnosti, a kompakti sa mikrokristalnom celulozom do udela od 16,2% tečnosti. Tečno-čvrsti sistemi sa Fujicalin ® -om su pokazali slične profile tabletabilnosti onim sa mikrokristalnom celulozom, uprkos tome što sadrže znatno veći udeo tečnosti. Vrednosti pritiska potrebnog za izbacivanje kompakta iz matrice ukazuju da bi dodatak lubrikansa mogao biti potreban u slučaju tečno-čvrstih sistema sa Fujicalin ® -om. Dobijeni rezultati ukazuju na superiorna svojstva Fujicalin ® -a kao nosača u tečno-čvrstim tabletama, a dinamička analiza kompakcije može predstavljati koristan alat za procenu ponašanja tečno-čvrstih sistema pri kompresiji.",
publisher = "Pharmaceutical Association of Serbia",
journal = "Arhiv za farmaciju",
title = "Liquisolid systems: Evaluation of the influence of formulation variables on the optimum liquid load, Tečno-čvrsti sistemi: Ispitivanje uticaja faktora formulacije na optimalno opterećenje tečnošću",
volume = "72",
number = "1",
pages = "61-76",
doi = "10.5937/arhfarm72-33130"
}

Aleksić, I., Glišić, T., Cvijić, S.,& Parojčić, J.. (2022). Liquisolid systems: Evaluation of the influence of formulation variables on the optimum liquid load. in Arhiv za farmaciju
Pharmaceutical Association of Serbia., 72(1), 61-76.
https://doi.org/10.5937/arhfarm72-33130

Aleksić I, Glišić T, Cvijić S, Parojčić J. Liquisolid systems: Evaluation of the influence of formulation variables on the optimum liquid load. in Arhiv za farmaciju. 2022;72(1):61-76.
doi:10.5937/arhfarm72-33130 .

Aleksić, Ivana, Glišić, Teodora, Cvijić, Sandra, Parojčić, Jelena, "Liquisolid systems: Evaluation of the influence of formulation variables on the optimum liquid load" in Arhiv za farmaciju, 72, no. 1 (2022):61-76,
https://doi.org/10.5937/arhfarm72-33130 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kovačević, Milena
AU  - Odalović, Marina
AU  - Đukić-Ćosić, Danijela
AU  - Vasiljević, Dragana
AU  - Parojčić, Jelena
AU  - Tasić, Ljiljana
PY  - 2022
UR  - https://farfar.pharmacy.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/4377
AB  - Background/Aim. Health professions education is facing
emerging issues. A comprehensive situation analysis was
performed among academic staff, healthcare practitioners,
and healthcare science students to address and respond to
new trends. The aim of the study was to investigate the
attitude, perception, and the recognized needs towards
experiential education (EE), interprofessional education
(IPE), and teaching competencies development (TCD). The
critical evaluation of the existing quality standards for
further quality improvement in health professions education
in Serbia was provided. Methods. The survey on EE, IPE,
and TCD was conducted within the Reinforcement of the
Framework for Experiential Education in Serbia
(ReFEEHS) project, co-funded by the Erasmus+ program
of the European Comission at four Serbian universities (the
University of Belgrade, the University of Kragujevac, the
University of Niš, and the University of Novi Sad). Four
task groups were appointed to perform a desk review of the
existing curricula, recommendations, and practices within
each of the four health professions education (Medicine,
Pharmacy, Dentistry, and Nursing) in Serbia and assess the
level of compliance with relevant educational policies and
practices in the European Union . Results. A total of 1,507
respondents completed the survey. A highly expressed
positive attitude was found towards EE, IPE, and TCD
among all the respondents. The majority of the respondents 
(> 70%) shared that EE should be organized in real-life
practice and involve students’ work under the supervision
of a qualified supervisor, as well as interactions with patients
and healthcare professionals. About 90% of the
respondents supported the inclusion of IPE teaching
activities into EE, with 77% of students expressing high
motivation to attend those classes, whereas 93% of
academic staff was eager to deliver and teach joint IPE
subjects. Only 20% of academic staff has already attended
some TCD program, while 75% recognized the need for its
organization. Moreover, 90% of healthcare practitioners
have recognized that mentors/clinical supervisors also need
additional skills for effective mentoring work within health
science education. Based on the survey results,
recommendations for improvement were given within three
educational fields, healthcare science curricula, professional
practice (traineeship), teaching staff, and regulations.
Conclusion. The results derived from the survey served as
a starting but also a vital point for higher education
improvement in Serbia. All interested parties – academia,
students, healthcare professionals, and regulatory bodies
should collaborate on achieving improved, contemporary,
and transformative health professions education.
AB  - Uvod/Cilj. Obrazovanje u oblasti zdravstva suočava se sa novim pitanjima. Da bi se odgovorilo na savremene zahteve obrazovanja zdravstvenih radnika, sprovedena je sveobuhvatna situaciona analiza. Cilj istraživanja bio je da se istraže stavovi, percepcije i prepoznaju potrebe akademske zajednice, zdravstvenih radnika i studenata zdravstvenih profesija, u odnosu prema učenju u realnom radnom okruženju, tj. nastavi u praksi (experiential education - EE), interprofesionalnom obrazovanju (interprofessional education - IPE) i unapređenju nastavničkih kompetencija (teaching competencies development - TCD). Radi daljeg unapređenja u oblasti obrazovanja, za zdravstvene radnike u Srbiji obezbeđeno je kritičko vrednovanje postojećih standarda kvaliteta. Metode. Istraživanje je sprovedeno u okviru projekta Reinforcement of the Framework for Experiential Education in Serbia (ReFEEHS), ko-finansiranog od strane Erasmus+ programa Evropske komisije na četiri univerziteta u Republici Srbiji (Univerzitet u Beogradu, Univerzitet u Kragujevcu, Univerzitet u Nišu i Univerzitet u Novom Sadu). Određene su četiri radne grupe, sa zadatkom razmatranja trenutnih kurikuluma, preporuka i prakse u okviru svake zdravstvene profesije (medicina, farmacija, stomatologija, sestrinstvo), kao i procene njihove usklađenosti sa relevantnim preporukama i praksom u obrazovanju u Evropskoj uniji. Rezultati. U istraživanju je učestvovalo 1 507 ispitanika. Pozitivan stav prema EE, IPE i TCD zabeležen je među svim ispitanicima. Više od 70% ispitanika iskazalo je stav o tome da je potrebno organizovati EE, tj. nastavu u praksi u realnom radnom okruženju, što bi podrazumevalo stručni rad studenata pod nadzorom kompetentnog mentora, ali i interakciju sa bolesnicima, kao i interakciju sa zdravstvenim radnicima. Oko 90% ispitanika podržalo je uključivanje IPE nastavnih aktivnosti u kurikulume; 77% studenata izrazilo je motivisanost da prisustvuju zajedničkim predmetima, dok je čak 93% nastavnika i saradnika iskazalo volju da učestvuju u kreiranju i podučavanju nastavnih jedinica u okviru IPE. Prethodno je samo 20% nastavnika/saradnika pohađalo neki TCD program, dok je čak 75% prepoznalo potrebu za organizacijom tih programa; 90% zdravstvenih radnika smatralo je da su za efikasan mentorski rad u obrazovanju u oblasti zdravstvene nauke potrebne dodatne veštine mentora/kliničkih supervizora. Na osnovu sagledanih rezultata upitnika, date su preporuke za unapređenje visokog obrazovanja u okviru tri obrazovne oblasti budućih zdravstvenih radnika, koje se odnose na kurikulum, studentsku stručnu praksu/klinički staž, nastavno osoblje i regulatorne aspekte. Zaključak. Dobijeni rezultati korišćeni su kao polazna, ali veoma značajna tačka za unapređenje visokog obrazovanja u Srbiji. Sve zainteresovane strane - akademska zajednica, studenti, zdravstveni radnici i regulatorna tela, treba da sarađuju u cilju postizanja unapređenog i savremenog obrazovanja zdravstvenih radnika.
PB  - Belgrade : Military Medical Academy
T2  - Vojnosanitetski pregled
T1  - Health professions education in Serbia: Evaluation and measures for quality improvement through experiential education, interprofessional education and teaching competencies development
T1  - Obrazovanje zdravstvenih radnika u Srbiji: procena i mere za unapređenje kvaliteta kroz praksu, interprofesionalno obrazovanje i razvoj nastavničkih kompetencija
VL  - 79
IS  - 11
SP  - 1119
EP  - 1129
DO  - 10.2298/VSP201005089K
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Kovačević, Milena and Odalović, Marina and Đukić-Ćosić, Danijela and Vasiljević, Dragana and Parojčić, Jelena and Tasić, Ljiljana",
year = "2022",
abstract = "Background/Aim. Health professions education is facing
emerging issues. A comprehensive situation analysis was
performed among academic staff, healthcare practitioners,
and healthcare science students to address and respond to
new trends. The aim of the study was to investigate the
attitude, perception, and the recognized needs towards
experiential education (EE), interprofessional education
(IPE), and teaching competencies development (TCD). The
critical evaluation of the existing quality standards for
further quality improvement in health professions education
in Serbia was provided. Methods. The survey on EE, IPE,
and TCD was conducted within the Reinforcement of the
Framework for Experiential Education in Serbia
(ReFEEHS) project, co-funded by the Erasmus+ program
of the European Comission at four Serbian universities (the
University of Belgrade, the University of Kragujevac, the
University of Niš, and the University of Novi Sad). Four
task groups were appointed to perform a desk review of the
existing curricula, recommendations, and practices within
each of the four health professions education (Medicine,
Pharmacy, Dentistry, and Nursing) in Serbia and assess the
level of compliance with relevant educational policies and
practices in the European Union . Results. A total of 1,507
respondents completed the survey. A highly expressed
positive attitude was found towards EE, IPE, and TCD
among all the respondents. The majority of the respondents 
(> 70%) shared that EE should be organized in real-life
practice and involve students’ work under the supervision
of a qualified supervisor, as well as interactions with patients
and healthcare professionals. About 90% of the
respondents supported the inclusion of IPE teaching
activities into EE, with 77% of students expressing high
motivation to attend those classes, whereas 93% of
academic staff was eager to deliver and teach joint IPE
subjects. Only 20% of academic staff has already attended
some TCD program, while 75% recognized the need for its
organization. Moreover, 90% of healthcare practitioners
have recognized that mentors/clinical supervisors also need
additional skills for effective mentoring work within health
science education. Based on the survey results,
recommendations for improvement were given within three
educational fields, healthcare science curricula, professional
practice (traineeship), teaching staff, and regulations.
Conclusion. The results derived from the survey served as
a starting but also a vital point for higher education
improvement in Serbia. All interested parties – academia,
students, healthcare professionals, and regulatory bodies
should collaborate on achieving improved, contemporary,
and transformative health professions education., Uvod/Cilj. Obrazovanje u oblasti zdravstva suočava se sa novim pitanjima. Da bi se odgovorilo na savremene zahteve obrazovanja zdravstvenih radnika, sprovedena je sveobuhvatna situaciona analiza. Cilj istraživanja bio je da se istraže stavovi, percepcije i prepoznaju potrebe akademske zajednice, zdravstvenih radnika i studenata zdravstvenih profesija, u odnosu prema učenju u realnom radnom okruženju, tj. nastavi u praksi (experiential education - EE), interprofesionalnom obrazovanju (interprofessional education - IPE) i unapređenju nastavničkih kompetencija (teaching competencies development - TCD). Radi daljeg unapređenja u oblasti obrazovanja, za zdravstvene radnike u Srbiji obezbeđeno je kritičko vrednovanje postojećih standarda kvaliteta. Metode. Istraživanje je sprovedeno u okviru projekta Reinforcement of the Framework for Experiential Education in Serbia (ReFEEHS), ko-finansiranog od strane Erasmus+ programa Evropske komisije na četiri univerziteta u Republici Srbiji (Univerzitet u Beogradu, Univerzitet u Kragujevcu, Univerzitet u Nišu i Univerzitet u Novom Sadu). Određene su četiri radne grupe, sa zadatkom razmatranja trenutnih kurikuluma, preporuka i prakse u okviru svake zdravstvene profesije (medicina, farmacija, stomatologija, sestrinstvo), kao i procene njihove usklađenosti sa relevantnim preporukama i praksom u obrazovanju u Evropskoj uniji. Rezultati. U istraživanju je učestvovalo 1 507 ispitanika. Pozitivan stav prema EE, IPE i TCD zabeležen je među svim ispitanicima. Više od 70% ispitanika iskazalo je stav o tome da je potrebno organizovati EE, tj. nastavu u praksi u realnom radnom okruženju, što bi podrazumevalo stručni rad studenata pod nadzorom kompetentnog mentora, ali i interakciju sa bolesnicima, kao i interakciju sa zdravstvenim radnicima. Oko 90% ispitanika podržalo je uključivanje IPE nastavnih aktivnosti u kurikulume; 77% studenata izrazilo je motivisanost da prisustvuju zajedničkim predmetima, dok je čak 93% nastavnika i saradnika iskazalo volju da učestvuju u kreiranju i podučavanju nastavnih jedinica u okviru IPE. Prethodno je samo 20% nastavnika/saradnika pohađalo neki TCD program, dok je čak 75% prepoznalo potrebu za organizacijom tih programa; 90% zdravstvenih radnika smatralo je da su za efikasan mentorski rad u obrazovanju u oblasti zdravstvene nauke potrebne dodatne veštine mentora/kliničkih supervizora. Na osnovu sagledanih rezultata upitnika, date su preporuke za unapređenje visokog obrazovanja u okviru tri obrazovne oblasti budućih zdravstvenih radnika, koje se odnose na kurikulum, studentsku stručnu praksu/klinički staž, nastavno osoblje i regulatorne aspekte. Zaključak. Dobijeni rezultati korišćeni su kao polazna, ali veoma značajna tačka za unapređenje visokog obrazovanja u Srbiji. Sve zainteresovane strane - akademska zajednica, studenti, zdravstveni radnici i regulatorna tela, treba da sarađuju u cilju postizanja unapređenog i savremenog obrazovanja zdravstvenih radnika.",
publisher = "Belgrade : Military Medical Academy",
journal = "Vojnosanitetski pregled",
title = "Health professions education in Serbia: Evaluation and measures for quality improvement through experiential education, interprofessional education and teaching competencies development, Obrazovanje zdravstvenih radnika u Srbiji: procena i mere za unapređenje kvaliteta kroz praksu, interprofesionalno obrazovanje i razvoj nastavničkih kompetencija",
volume = "79",
number = "11",
pages = "1119-1129",
doi = "10.2298/VSP201005089K"
}

Kovačević, M., Odalović, M., Đukić-Ćosić, D., Vasiljević, D., Parojčić, J.,& Tasić, L.. (2022). Health professions education in Serbia: Evaluation and measures for quality improvement through experiential education, interprofessional education and teaching competencies development. in Vojnosanitetski pregled
Belgrade : Military Medical Academy., 79(11), 1119-1129.
https://doi.org/10.2298/VSP201005089K

Kovačević M, Odalović M, Đukić-Ćosić D, Vasiljević D, Parojčić J, Tasić L. Health professions education in Serbia: Evaluation and measures for quality improvement through experiential education, interprofessional education and teaching competencies development. in Vojnosanitetski pregled. 2022;79(11):1119-1129.
doi:10.2298/VSP201005089K .

Kovačević, Milena, Odalović, Marina, Đukić-Ćosić, Danijela, Vasiljević, Dragana, Parojčić, Jelena, Tasić, Ljiljana, "Health professions education in Serbia: Evaluation and measures for quality improvement through experiential education, interprofessional education and teaching competencies development" in Vojnosanitetski pregled, 79, no. 11 (2022):1119-1129,
https://doi.org/10.2298/VSP201005089K . .

TY  - CONF
AU  - Malenović, Anđelija
AU  - Kovačević, Milena
AU  - Ivanović, Nevena
AU  - Protić, Ana
AU  - Parojčić, Jelena
PY  - 2022
UR  - https://farfar.pharmacy.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/4381
AB  - Introduction: Synchronous lectures tend to be used as the
prevalent method of online instruction, irrespective of
notable differences and obvious limitations when compared
to their in-person delivery. Study aim was to assess students’
perspective on online lectures held during the emergency
remote teaching (ERT) shift due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Method: Students were invited to take part in online survey
related to their experience with ERT. Survey included 25 items
related to: satisfaction (14 items), motivation (three items),
interaction with peers and lecturers (four items), and
perceived challenges (four items). A 5-point Likert scale was
employed. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS
software.
Results: A total of 387 students participated in the survey.
The majority of respondents (79.3%) were junior students.
Among the respondents, 72.6% reported no previous
experience with online learning. Although a relatively high
level of satisfaction was reported (mean score 3.91 ± 0.75),
challenges were also scored relatively high (3.05 ± 0.99),
while interaction was scored somewhat lower (2.98 ± 0.73),
and the lowest mean score was observed for motivation (2.73
± 0.58). Students reported having trouble maintaining
motivation, concentration and focus during online lectures,
which usually took many hours per day. Interaction with
peers was reported as unsatisfactory (2.48 ± 1.46), whereas it
was more feasible with lecturers (3.24 ± 1.42). Students were
quite satisfied with the ability to organise their time flexibly
(71.4%), and with the workload (54.5%), while they were less
convinced that online sessions provided enough
opportunities to reflect on what was learnt (50.1% agree,
25.1% neither agree nor disagree).
Conclusions: The results obtained indicate that students are
somewhat hesitant with respect to online lectures as the
main mode of instruction. Lectures, generally, place students
in a passive role, which is further increased in online delivery.
In order to support students’ engagement and success, online
lectures should be combined with more active instructional
strategies.
PB  - European Association of Faculties of Pharmacy
PB  - International Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP)
C3  - Pharmacy Education
T1  - Pharmacy students’ perspective on online lectures during the COVID-19 pandemic: A case study from the University of Belgrade
VL  - 22
IS  - 3
SP  - 8
EP  - 8
DO  - 10.46542/pe.2022.223.135
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Malenović, Anđelija and Kovačević, Milena and Ivanović, Nevena and Protić, Ana and Parojčić, Jelena",
year = "2022",
abstract = "Introduction: Synchronous lectures tend to be used as the
prevalent method of online instruction, irrespective of
notable differences and obvious limitations when compared
to their in-person delivery. Study aim was to assess students’
perspective on online lectures held during the emergency
remote teaching (ERT) shift due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Method: Students were invited to take part in online survey
related to their experience with ERT. Survey included 25 items
related to: satisfaction (14 items), motivation (three items),
interaction with peers and lecturers (four items), and
perceived challenges (four items). A 5-point Likert scale was
employed. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS
software.
Results: A total of 387 students participated in the survey.
The majority of respondents (79.3%) were junior students.
Among the respondents, 72.6% reported no previous
experience with online learning. Although a relatively high
level of satisfaction was reported (mean score 3.91 ± 0.75),
challenges were also scored relatively high (3.05 ± 0.99),
while interaction was scored somewhat lower (2.98 ± 0.73),
and the lowest mean score was observed for motivation (2.73
± 0.58). Students reported having trouble maintaining
motivation, concentration and focus during online lectures,
which usually took many hours per day. Interaction with
peers was reported as unsatisfactory (2.48 ± 1.46), whereas it
was more feasible with lecturers (3.24 ± 1.42). Students were
quite satisfied with the ability to organise their time flexibly
(71.4%), and with the workload (54.5%), while they were less
convinced that online sessions provided enough
opportunities to reflect on what was learnt (50.1% agree,
25.1% neither agree nor disagree).
Conclusions: The results obtained indicate that students are
somewhat hesitant with respect to online lectures as the
main mode of instruction. Lectures, generally, place students
in a passive role, which is further increased in online delivery.
In order to support students’ engagement and success, online
lectures should be combined with more active instructional
strategies.",
publisher = "European Association of Faculties of Pharmacy, International Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP)",
journal = "Pharmacy Education",
title = "Pharmacy students’ perspective on online lectures during the COVID-19 pandemic: A case study from the University of Belgrade",
volume = "22",
number = "3",
pages = "8-8",
doi = "10.46542/pe.2022.223.135"
}

Malenović, A., Kovačević, M., Ivanović, N., Protić, A.,& Parojčić, J.. (2022). Pharmacy students’ perspective on online lectures during the COVID-19 pandemic: A case study from the University of Belgrade. in Pharmacy Education
European Association of Faculties of Pharmacy., 22(3), 8-8.
https://doi.org/10.46542/pe.2022.223.135

Malenović A, Kovačević M, Ivanović N, Protić A, Parojčić J. Pharmacy students’ perspective on online lectures during the COVID-19 pandemic: A case study from the University of Belgrade. in Pharmacy Education. 2022;22(3):8-8.
doi:10.46542/pe.2022.223.135 .

Malenović, Anđelija, Kovačević, Milena, Ivanović, Nevena, Protić, Ana, Parojčić, Jelena, "Pharmacy students’ perspective on online lectures during the COVID-19 pandemic: A case study from the University of Belgrade" in Pharmacy Education, 22, no. 3 (2022):8-8,
https://doi.org/10.46542/pe.2022.223.135 . .

TY  - CONF
AU  - Malenović, Anđelija
AU  - Kovačević, Milena
AU  - Ivanović, Nevena
AU  - Protić, Ana
AU  - Parojčić, Jelena
PY  - 2022
UR  - https://farfar.pharmacy.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/4375
AB  - Synchronous lectures tend to be used as the prevalent
method of online instruction, irrespective of notable differences
and obvious limitations when compared to their in-person delivery.
Study aim was to assess students’ perspective on online lectures
held during the emergency remote teaching (ERT) due to COVID-19
pandemic.
Method: Students were invited to take part in online survey related
to their experience with ERT. Survey included 25 items related to:
satisfaction (14 items), motivation (3 items), interaction with peers
and lecturers (4 items), and perceived challenges (4 items). A 5-point
Likert scale was employed. Statistical analysis was performed using
the SPSS software.
Results: A total of 387 students participated in the survey. Majority
of respondents (79.3%) were junior students. Among them, 72.6%
reported no previous experience with online learning. Although
relatively high level of satisfaction was reported (mean score
3.91±0.75), challenges were also scored relatively high (3.05±0.99),
while interaction was scored somewhat lower (2.98±0.73), and the
least mean score was observed for motivation (2.73±0.58). Students
reported having trouble to keep motivation, concentration and
focus during online lectures, which usually took long hours per day.
Interaction with peers was reported as unsatisfactory (2.48±1.46),
whereas it was more feasible with lecturers (3.24±1.42). Students
were quite satisfied with the possibility to organize their time flexibly
(71.4%), and with respect to the workload (54.5%), while they were
less convinced that online sessions provide enough opportunities
to reflect on what has been learnt (50,1% agree, 25,1% neither
agree nor disagree).
Conclusions: The results obtained indicate that students are
somewhat hesitant with respect to online lectures as the main mode
of instruction. Lectures, generally, place students in a passive role,
which is further increased in online delivery. In order to support
students’ engagement and success, online lectures should be
combined with more active instructional strategies.
PB  - European Association of Faculties of Pharmacy
C3  - EAFP Conference 2022, Towards Pharmacy 5.0 Education - Abstract Book
T1  - Pharmacy students' perspectives on online lectures during the COVID – 19 pandemic – case study from the University of Belgrade.
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_farfar_4375
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Malenović, Anđelija and Kovačević, Milena and Ivanović, Nevena and Protić, Ana and Parojčić, Jelena",
year = "2022",
abstract = "Synchronous lectures tend to be used as the prevalent
method of online instruction, irrespective of notable differences
and obvious limitations when compared to their in-person delivery.
Study aim was to assess students’ perspective on online lectures
held during the emergency remote teaching (ERT) due to COVID-19
pandemic.
Method: Students were invited to take part in online survey related
to their experience with ERT. Survey included 25 items related to:
satisfaction (14 items), motivation (3 items), interaction with peers
and lecturers (4 items), and perceived challenges (4 items). A 5-point
Likert scale was employed. Statistical analysis was performed using
the SPSS software.
Results: A total of 387 students participated in the survey. Majority
of respondents (79.3%) were junior students. Among them, 72.6%
reported no previous experience with online learning. Although
relatively high level of satisfaction was reported (mean score
3.91±0.75), challenges were also scored relatively high (3.05±0.99),
while interaction was scored somewhat lower (2.98±0.73), and the
least mean score was observed for motivation (2.73±0.58). Students
reported having trouble to keep motivation, concentration and
focus during online lectures, which usually took long hours per day.
Interaction with peers was reported as unsatisfactory (2.48±1.46),
whereas it was more feasible with lecturers (3.24±1.42). Students
were quite satisfied with the possibility to organize their time flexibly
(71.4%), and with respect to the workload (54.5%), while they were
less convinced that online sessions provide enough opportunities
to reflect on what has been learnt (50,1% agree, 25,1% neither
agree nor disagree).
Conclusions: The results obtained indicate that students are
somewhat hesitant with respect to online lectures as the main mode
of instruction. Lectures, generally, place students in a passive role,
which is further increased in online delivery. In order to support
students’ engagement and success, online lectures should be
combined with more active instructional strategies.",
publisher = "European Association of Faculties of Pharmacy",
journal = "EAFP Conference 2022, Towards Pharmacy 5.0 Education - Abstract Book",
title = "Pharmacy students' perspectives on online lectures during the COVID – 19 pandemic – case study from the University of Belgrade.",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_farfar_4375"
}

Malenović, A., Kovačević, M., Ivanović, N., Protić, A.,& Parojčić, J.. (2022). Pharmacy students' perspectives on online lectures during the COVID – 19 pandemic – case study from the University of Belgrade.. in EAFP Conference 2022, Towards Pharmacy 5.0 Education - Abstract Book
European Association of Faculties of Pharmacy..
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_farfar_4375

Malenović A, Kovačević M, Ivanović N, Protić A, Parojčić J. Pharmacy students' perspectives on online lectures during the COVID – 19 pandemic – case study from the University of Belgrade.. in EAFP Conference 2022, Towards Pharmacy 5.0 Education - Abstract Book. 2022;.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_farfar_4375 .

Malenović, Anđelija, Kovačević, Milena, Ivanović, Nevena, Protić, Ana, Parojčić, Jelena, "Pharmacy students' perspectives on online lectures during the COVID – 19 pandemic – case study from the University of Belgrade." in EAFP Conference 2022, Towards Pharmacy 5.0 Education - Abstract Book (2022),
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_farfar_4375 .

TY  - CONF
AU  - Aleksić, Ivana
AU  - Ćirin-Varađan, Slobodanka
AU  - Glišić, Teodora
AU  - Đuriš, Mihal
AU  - Đuriš, Jelena
AU  - Parojčić, Jelena
PY  - 2022
UR  - https://farfar.pharmacy.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/4735
AB  - 1. INTRODUCTION
Co-processing has emerged as a suitable
approach to meet the increasing demands for
excipients with improved tableting
performance. Apart from the most commonly
used energy-consuming co-processing methods
(e.g. spray-drying and wet granulation), melt
granulation as a solvent-free and more
environmentally friendly technique has recently
gained more attention [1].
The aim of the present study was to investigate
the influence of meltable binder particle size
and compaction parameters on dilution capacity
and compaction behaviour of lactose-based coprocessed
excipients.
2. MATERIALS AND METHODS
2.1. Materials
Paracetamol (Acros Organics, Belgium) was
used as the model drug. Lactose monohydrate
(Carlo Erba Reagents, Italy) was used as filler
and glyceryl palmitostearate (Precirol® ATO 5
Gattefossé S.A.S, France) as meltable binder.
2.2. Preparation of co-processed excipients
Co-processed excipients were prepared by in
situ melt granulation in Mycrolab fluid bed
processor (OYSTAR Hüttlin, Germany).
Precirol® particles (15%) from the 125–180 μm
(≈ 150 μm) or 600–710 μm sieve fraction (≈ 655
μm) were used for granulation of lactose (85%).
The inlet air flow rate was 30 m3/h, and product
temperature during agglomeration was 65 °C.
2.3. Particle size and shape analysis
Granule size distribution was evaluated by sieve
analysis, and median particle diameter (d50) was
calculated by linear interpolation of the
cumulative percentage frequency curve.
Granule shape was examined by 2D scanned
image (4800 dpi resolution) analysis using
ImageJ software. The aspect ratio (AR) and
circularity (C) were calculated for granule shape
evaluation.
2.3. Determination of the Carr index
The bulk and tapped (1250 taps) densities of coprocessed
excipients and their mixtures with 30,
40 or 50% paracetamol were determined using
tap density tester STAV 2003 (J. Engelsmann
AG, Germany), and Carr index was calculated.
2.4. Dynamic compaction analysis
Co-processed excipients and their mixtures with
paracetamol were compressed on a single punch
instrumented tablet press (GTP D series,
Gamlen Tableting Ltd, UK). Compacts (100
mg) were compressed under compression load
of 200 kg (≈ 70 MPa) or 500 kg (≈ 173MPa),
and compression speed of 60 or 120 mm/min. 6
mm flat faced punches were used. The obtained
force-displacement curves were used to
calculate: net work of compression (NW),
detachment stress (DS), ejection stress (ES).
Tablet crushing force was determined using
tablet hardness tester Erweka TBH 125D
(Erweka GmbH, Germany), and the values
obtained were used to calculate tensile strength
(TS). Elastic recovery (24 h after compression)
was calculated, as well.
2.4. Experimental Design
In order to investigate the influence of binder
particle size, paracetamol content and
compression speed on the abovementioned
compaction properties, compacts were
prepared, at compression load of 500 kg,
according to 23 full factorial design.
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
3.1. Particle size and shape
Larger initial binder particle size led to
formation of larger and more spherical granules
(Table 1).
147
Table 1. The size and shape of the co-processed
excipients’ particles.
Binder PS (μm) d50 AR C
150 564.9 1.33 0.81
655 846.2 1.14 0.86
3.2. Flowability
The Carr index values obtained indicated
considerably better flowability of the coprocessed
excipient prepared by using larger
binder particles (P655) in comparison with the
excipient prepared with smaller binder particles
(P150). This might be ascribed to more
spherical and larger particles of P655. However,
the addition of paracetamol led to an increase in
Carr index values and less pronounced
differences between two excipients (Fig. 1).
Figure 1. The influence of paracetamol loading
on flowability of co-processed excipients.
3.3. Compaction behaviour
The results obtained revealed better mechanical
properties of P150 in comparison with P655
compacts, irrespective of the compression
pressure applied. The addition of paracetamol,
as the model API with poor compaction
properties, led to decrease in tensile strength of
the compacts prepared with both excipients, and
paracetamol content showed statistically
significant influence on TS (p < 0.0001).
Acceptable tensile strength (> 1 MPa) could be
achieved for compacts with 30% paracetamol
compressed at higher compression pressure (≈
173 MPa).
Paracetamol content, compression speed and
interaction between binder particle size and
paracetamol content were found to significantly
affect NW. The influence of binder particle size
was more pronounced at higher paracetamol
content, with lower NW observed in the case of
P655. Higher compression speed led to higher
NW.
Relatively low values of detachment and
ejection stress (< 3.5 MPa) indicate good
antiadhesive and lubricating properties of the
investigated excipients. Lower values of both
parameters were observed in the case of P655
which could be related to different
agglomeration mechanisms involved. Besides
binder particle size, compression speed and
paracetamol content were found to significantly
influence these properties.
Elastic recovery values of the investigated
samples ranged between 12 and 28%. In the
case of both excipients, higher elastic recovery
values were obtained at higher compression
pressure. ER values of the compacts prepared at
higher compression pressure were significantly
affected by compression speed and interactions
of the investigated variables.
4. CONCLUSION
The results obtained show that meltable binder
particle size affects granule size and shape, and
consequently may influence flowability and
compaction behaviour of the co-processed
excipients. Interactions between binder particle
size and compaction variables were also found
to affect compaction properties of the
investigated excipients.
PB  - Slovensko farmacevtsko društvo in Univerza v Ljubljani, Fakulteta za farmacijo
C3  - 9th BBBB International Conference on Pharmaceutical Sciences Pharma Sciences of Tomorrow: Book of Abstracts
T1  - Evaluation of dilution capacity and compaction behaviour of the excipients co-processed by in situ fluidized bed melt granulation
SP  - 146
EP  - 147
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_farfar_4735
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Aleksić, Ivana and Ćirin-Varađan, Slobodanka and Glišić, Teodora and Đuriš, Mihal and Đuriš, Jelena and Parojčić, Jelena",
year = "2022",
abstract = "1. INTRODUCTION
Co-processing has emerged as a suitable
approach to meet the increasing demands for
excipients with improved tableting
performance. Apart from the most commonly
used energy-consuming co-processing methods
(e.g. spray-drying and wet granulation), melt
granulation as a solvent-free and more
environmentally friendly technique has recently
gained more attention [1].
The aim of the present study was to investigate
the influence of meltable binder particle size
and compaction parameters on dilution capacity
and compaction behaviour of lactose-based coprocessed
excipients.
2. MATERIALS AND METHODS
2.1. Materials
Paracetamol (Acros Organics, Belgium) was
used as the model drug. Lactose monohydrate
(Carlo Erba Reagents, Italy) was used as filler
and glyceryl palmitostearate (Precirol® ATO 5
Gattefossé S.A.S, France) as meltable binder.
2.2. Preparation of co-processed excipients
Co-processed excipients were prepared by in
situ melt granulation in Mycrolab fluid bed
processor (OYSTAR Hüttlin, Germany).
Precirol® particles (15%) from the 125–180 μm
(≈ 150 μm) or 600–710 μm sieve fraction (≈ 655
μm) were used for granulation of lactose (85%).
The inlet air flow rate was 30 m3/h, and product
temperature during agglomeration was 65 °C.
2.3. Particle size and shape analysis
Granule size distribution was evaluated by sieve
analysis, and median particle diameter (d50) was
calculated by linear interpolation of the
cumulative percentage frequency curve.
Granule shape was examined by 2D scanned
image (4800 dpi resolution) analysis using
ImageJ software. The aspect ratio (AR) and
circularity (C) were calculated for granule shape
evaluation.
2.3. Determination of the Carr index
The bulk and tapped (1250 taps) densities of coprocessed
excipients and their mixtures with 30,
40 or 50% paracetamol were determined using
tap density tester STAV 2003 (J. Engelsmann
AG, Germany), and Carr index was calculated.
2.4. Dynamic compaction analysis
Co-processed excipients and their mixtures with
paracetamol were compressed on a single punch
instrumented tablet press (GTP D series,
Gamlen Tableting Ltd, UK). Compacts (100
mg) were compressed under compression load
of 200 kg (≈ 70 MPa) or 500 kg (≈ 173MPa),
and compression speed of 60 or 120 mm/min. 6
mm flat faced punches were used. The obtained
force-displacement curves were used to
calculate: net work of compression (NW),
detachment stress (DS), ejection stress (ES).
Tablet crushing force was determined using
tablet hardness tester Erweka TBH 125D
(Erweka GmbH, Germany), and the values
obtained were used to calculate tensile strength
(TS). Elastic recovery (24 h after compression)
was calculated, as well.
2.4. Experimental Design
In order to investigate the influence of binder
particle size, paracetamol content and
compression speed on the abovementioned
compaction properties, compacts were
prepared, at compression load of 500 kg,
according to 23 full factorial design.
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
3.1. Particle size and shape
Larger initial binder particle size led to
formation of larger and more spherical granules
(Table 1).
147
Table 1. The size and shape of the co-processed
excipients’ particles.
Binder PS (μm) d50 AR C
150 564.9 1.33 0.81
655 846.2 1.14 0.86
3.2. Flowability
The Carr index values obtained indicated
considerably better flowability of the coprocessed
excipient prepared by using larger
binder particles (P655) in comparison with the
excipient prepared with smaller binder particles
(P150). This might be ascribed to more
spherical and larger particles of P655. However,
the addition of paracetamol led to an increase in
Carr index values and less pronounced
differences between two excipients (Fig. 1).
Figure 1. The influence of paracetamol loading
on flowability of co-processed excipients.
3.3. Compaction behaviour
The results obtained revealed better mechanical
properties of P150 in comparison with P655
compacts, irrespective of the compression
pressure applied. The addition of paracetamol,
as the model API with poor compaction
properties, led to decrease in tensile strength of
the compacts prepared with both excipients, and
paracetamol content showed statistically
significant influence on TS (p < 0.0001).
Acceptable tensile strength (> 1 MPa) could be
achieved for compacts with 30% paracetamol
compressed at higher compression pressure (≈
173 MPa).
Paracetamol content, compression speed and
interaction between binder particle size and
paracetamol content were found to significantly
affect NW. The influence of binder particle size
was more pronounced at higher paracetamol
content, with lower NW observed in the case of
P655. Higher compression speed led to higher
NW.
Relatively low values of detachment and
ejection stress (< 3.5 MPa) indicate good
antiadhesive and lubricating properties of the
investigated excipients. Lower values of both
parameters were observed in the case of P655
which could be related to different
agglomeration mechanisms involved. Besides
binder particle size, compression speed and
paracetamol content were found to significantly
influence these properties.
Elastic recovery values of the investigated
samples ranged between 12 and 28%. In the
case of both excipients, higher elastic recovery
values were obtained at higher compression
pressure. ER values of the compacts prepared at
higher compression pressure were significantly
affected by compression speed and interactions
of the investigated variables.
4. CONCLUSION
The results obtained show that meltable binder
particle size affects granule size and shape, and
consequently may influence flowability and
compaction behaviour of the co-processed
excipients. Interactions between binder particle
size and compaction variables were also found
to affect compaction properties of the
investigated excipients.",
publisher = "Slovensko farmacevtsko društvo in Univerza v Ljubljani, Fakulteta za farmacijo",
journal = "9th BBBB International Conference on Pharmaceutical Sciences Pharma Sciences of Tomorrow: Book of Abstracts",
title = "Evaluation of dilution capacity and compaction behaviour of the excipients co-processed by in situ fluidized bed melt granulation",
pages = "146-147",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_farfar_4735"
}

Aleksić, I., Ćirin-Varađan, S., Glišić, T., Đuriš, M., Đuriš, J.,& Parojčić, J.. (2022). Evaluation of dilution capacity and compaction behaviour of the excipients co-processed by in situ fluidized bed melt granulation. in 9th BBBB International Conference on Pharmaceutical Sciences Pharma Sciences of Tomorrow: Book of Abstracts
Slovensko farmacevtsko društvo in Univerza v Ljubljani, Fakulteta za farmacijo., 146-147.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_farfar_4735

Aleksić I, Ćirin-Varađan S, Glišić T, Đuriš M, Đuriš J, Parojčić J. Evaluation of dilution capacity and compaction behaviour of the excipients co-processed by in situ fluidized bed melt granulation. in 9th BBBB International Conference on Pharmaceutical Sciences Pharma Sciences of Tomorrow: Book of Abstracts. 2022;:146-147.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_farfar_4735 .

Aleksić, Ivana, Ćirin-Varađan, Slobodanka, Glišić, Teodora, Đuriš, Mihal, Đuriš, Jelena, Parojčić, Jelena, "Evaluation of dilution capacity and compaction behaviour of the excipients co-processed by in situ fluidized bed melt granulation" in 9th BBBB International Conference on Pharmaceutical Sciences Pharma Sciences of Tomorrow: Book of Abstracts (2022):146-147,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_farfar_4735 .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ćirin-Varađan, Slobodanka
AU  - Đuriš, Jelena
AU  - Mirković, Miljana
AU  - Ivanović, Marija
AU  - Parojčić, Jelena
AU  - Aleksić, Ivana
PY  - 2022
UR  - https://farfar.pharmacy.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/4001
AB  - The introduction of the high-speed tableting machines and the lack of excipients with good flow and compaction properties required for direct compression process have increased research interest in the development of coprocessed excipients. Melt granulation, as an environmentally friendly and cost-effective method, has recently been recognized as a promising co-processing technique. The aim of the present study was to prepare lipid-based co-processed excipients by in situ fluidized bed melt granulation and to investigated their suitability for direct compression process. Lactose monohydrate was co-processed with glyceryl dibehenate (Compritol® 888 ATO) or glyceryl palmitostearate (Precirol® ATO 5), as lipophilic meltable binders. Besides the flowability testing, dynamic compaction analysis was applied for thorough investigation into the tableting properties of developed coprocessed excipients. Solid state characterization, performed by means of XRPD and DRIFT, confirmed the absence of chemical changes of the single components of co-processed excipients. Co-processed excipients showed improved flowability in comparison with single ingredients and corresponding physical mixtures. Novel co-processed excipients were found to have better tabletability profiles than physical mixtures of the ingredients, and were able to retain acceptable tensile strength values at high content of paracetamol in tableting mixture. Tablets with high tensile strength could be obtained with less work of compression needed in comparison with the commercial lactose-based excipients. Furthermore, novel lipid-based co-processed excipients were found to be highly superior regarding the antiadhesive and lubricating properties, with no additional lubricants required.
PB  - Elsevier B.V.
T2  - Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology
T1  - Comparative evaluation of mechanical properties of lactose-based excipients co-processed with lipophilic glycerides as meltable binders
VL  - 67
DO  - 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102981
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Ćirin-Varađan, Slobodanka and Đuriš, Jelena and Mirković, Miljana and Ivanović, Marija and Parojčić, Jelena and Aleksić, Ivana",
year = "2022",
abstract = "The introduction of the high-speed tableting machines and the lack of excipients with good flow and compaction properties required for direct compression process have increased research interest in the development of coprocessed excipients. Melt granulation, as an environmentally friendly and cost-effective method, has recently been recognized as a promising co-processing technique. The aim of the present study was to prepare lipid-based co-processed excipients by in situ fluidized bed melt granulation and to investigated their suitability for direct compression process. Lactose monohydrate was co-processed with glyceryl dibehenate (Compritol® 888 ATO) or glyceryl palmitostearate (Precirol® ATO 5), as lipophilic meltable binders. Besides the flowability testing, dynamic compaction analysis was applied for thorough investigation into the tableting properties of developed coprocessed excipients. Solid state characterization, performed by means of XRPD and DRIFT, confirmed the absence of chemical changes of the single components of co-processed excipients. Co-processed excipients showed improved flowability in comparison with single ingredients and corresponding physical mixtures. Novel co-processed excipients were found to have better tabletability profiles than physical mixtures of the ingredients, and were able to retain acceptable tensile strength values at high content of paracetamol in tableting mixture. Tablets with high tensile strength could be obtained with less work of compression needed in comparison with the commercial lactose-based excipients. Furthermore, novel lipid-based co-processed excipients were found to be highly superior regarding the antiadhesive and lubricating properties, with no additional lubricants required.",
publisher = "Elsevier B.V.",
journal = "Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology",
title = "Comparative evaluation of mechanical properties of lactose-based excipients co-processed with lipophilic glycerides as meltable binders",
volume = "67",
doi = "10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102981"
}

Ćirin-Varađan, S., Đuriš, J., Mirković, M., Ivanović, M., Parojčić, J.,& Aleksić, I.. (2022). Comparative evaluation of mechanical properties of lactose-based excipients co-processed with lipophilic glycerides as meltable binders. in Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology
Elsevier B.V.., 67.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102981

Ćirin-Varađan S, Đuriš J, Mirković M, Ivanović M, Parojčić J, Aleksić I. Comparative evaluation of mechanical properties of lactose-based excipients co-processed with lipophilic glycerides as meltable binders. in Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology. 2022;67.
doi:10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102981 .

Ćirin-Varađan, Slobodanka, Đuriš, Jelena, Mirković, Miljana, Ivanović, Marija, Parojčić, Jelena, Aleksić, Ivana, "Comparative evaluation of mechanical properties of lactose-based excipients co-processed with lipophilic glycerides as meltable binders" in Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology, 67 (2022),
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102981 . .

TY  - CONF
AU  - Turković, Erna
AU  - Vasiljević, Ivana
AU  - Vasiljević, Dragana
AU  - Ibrić, Svetlana
AU  - Parojčić, Jelena
PY  - 2022
UR  - https://farfar.pharmacy.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/4758
AB  - 1. INTRODUCTION
Orodispersible films (ODF) have emerged as innovative dosage forms that provide wide variety of advantages for patients and manufacturers over conventional dosage forms. The prominent characteristic of ODFs is fast disintegration followed by good patients acceptability [1]. Therefore, relevant disintegration time (DT) is usually considered as ODF critical quality attribute. Extensive research on ODFs is generating a lot of data, but lack of standardization is the main obstacle that limits their comparative evaluation. The following work aims to explore literature data on ODFs characteristics using the predictive data-classification algorithm Support vector machine (SVM) and assess its applicability in pharmaceutical development based on the set of experimentally obtained data.
2. MATERIALS AND METHODS
2.1. Materials
Hydroxypropyl cellulose (Klucel GF, Ashland, USA), ethanol (≥99.8%, Honeywell, Charlotte, NC, USA) and glycerol, 85% (w/w) (Ph. Eur.) were used for preparation of printing and casting dispersion.
2.2. Data pre-processing
Comprehensive data exploration has been conducted in the PubMed database using most common synonyms for ODFs with fifteen synonyms in singular and plural. Built database had following attributes: manufacturing approach, polymer selection, polymer molecular weight (KDa), polymer load (%), mechanical properties (tensile strength (MPa), Young's modulus (MPa), elongation at break (%)), disintegration method and disintegration time (DT) (s).
2.3. ODF preparation and characterisation
Polymer dispersions for solvent casting and semi-solid extrusion 3D printing were prepared by dispersing HPC in ethanol:glicerol solution followed by continuous stirring on the magnetic stirrer. Prepared dispersions were: (i) casted on a unit-dose plexiglas plates, or (ii) printed using Ultimaker 2+ (Ultimaker, , Netherlands). ODFs were characterized in terms of mechanical properties using Z-LX Table-Top Testing Machine (Shimadzu, Japan) and DT using adapted compendial tester (Erweka ZT52, Germany) with a weight.
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
3.1. Data pre-processing
274 papers (without reviews) were identified via search, of which 112 were included in the database. Nominal data from literature was transformed into numerical, using coding operator so that each nominal data had corresponding numerical value. Critical attributes for films fast disintegration were derived. 18 polymers were included as categorical data and were further differentiated on the basis of molecular weight. Values for most commonly evaluated mechanical properties were included as numerical data. Different DT methods were classified in seven classes (Table 1), while the manufacturing methods were classified in five classes. RapidMiner Studio 9.10 (RapidMiner, Dortmund, Germany) was used to transform data and employ SMV algorithm.
3.2. SVM model prediction
Attributes with the highest weight were polymer load and DT method employed (Figure 1). The polymer type and characteristic did have conclusive effects on DT as their weight varied during data mining. This can be attributed to inconclusive data provided in papers and lot of missing values for those attributes. Mechanical properties had low weight, which can be explained with the broad value range for those attributes. Different research groups had different approach to disintegration testing, which lowered model precision as it was reported that SVM does not have high accuracy when data is imbalanced [3]. Relative error value was 20%, which can be considered as high, but, having in mind great diversity in presented data and methodology, obtained value is still acceptable for the pilot study.
3.3. Experimental validation
HPC-based films prepared by 3D printing had tensile strength, elongation at break and Young’s modulus of 3.5 MPa, 137% and 5 MPa, respectively. Average DT was 69 s. For casted films, relevant values were 3.4 MPa, 105% and 3 MPa, and DT was 27 s. Experimentally obtained results were entered into model simulator (Figure 2) to simulate situation reflecting the experimental set up in which HPC-based films were prepared by 3D printing and solvent casting, and relevant attribute values obtained by samples characterization. In the case were manufacturing method was set to be 3D printing (coded as 1) predicted DT value was close to experimentally obtained value, i.e. 71.7 and 69 s, respectively. When solvent casting method was considered, predicted DT value was remarkedly higher than the experimentally obtained one, indicating bad predictability. It might be assumed that good predictability obtained in the case of 3D printed films is associated with lower data variability due to more simple sample composition and robust preparation method. In the case of casted films, data was much more complex due to a higher number of research papers and approaches to characterisation.
4. CONCLUSION
The obtained results indicate that SVM algorithm can be employed to predict ODF DT value based on the dataset created using literature data. However, in order to obtain meaningful predictions, larger dataset, with fewer inconsistences and less missing values would be advantageous.
PB  - Slovensko farmacevtsko društvo in Univerza v Ljubljani, Fakulteta za farmacijo
C3  - 9th BBBB International Conference on Pharmaceutical Sciences Pharma Sciences of Tomorrow: Book of Abstracts
T1  - Application of support vector machine learning for orodispersible films disintegration time prediction
SP  - 239
EP  - 240
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_farfar_4758
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Turković, Erna and Vasiljević, Ivana and Vasiljević, Dragana and Ibrić, Svetlana and Parojčić, Jelena",
year = "2022",
abstract = "1. INTRODUCTION
Orodispersible films (ODF) have emerged as innovative dosage forms that provide wide variety of advantages for patients and manufacturers over conventional dosage forms. The prominent characteristic of ODFs is fast disintegration followed by good patients acceptability [1]. Therefore, relevant disintegration time (DT) is usually considered as ODF critical quality attribute. Extensive research on ODFs is generating a lot of data, but lack of standardization is the main obstacle that limits their comparative evaluation. The following work aims to explore literature data on ODFs characteristics using the predictive data-classification algorithm Support vector machine (SVM) and assess its applicability in pharmaceutical development based on the set of experimentally obtained data.
2. MATERIALS AND METHODS
2.1. Materials
Hydroxypropyl cellulose (Klucel GF, Ashland, USA), ethanol (≥99.8%, Honeywell, Charlotte, NC, USA) and glycerol, 85% (w/w) (Ph. Eur.) were used for preparation of printing and casting dispersion.
2.2. Data pre-processing
Comprehensive data exploration has been conducted in the PubMed database using most common synonyms for ODFs with fifteen synonyms in singular and plural. Built database had following attributes: manufacturing approach, polymer selection, polymer molecular weight (KDa), polymer load (%), mechanical properties (tensile strength (MPa), Young's modulus (MPa), elongation at break (%)), disintegration method and disintegration time (DT) (s).
2.3. ODF preparation and characterisation
Polymer dispersions for solvent casting and semi-solid extrusion 3D printing were prepared by dispersing HPC in ethanol:glicerol solution followed by continuous stirring on the magnetic stirrer. Prepared dispersions were: (i) casted on a unit-dose plexiglas plates, or (ii) printed using Ultimaker 2+ (Ultimaker, , Netherlands). ODFs were characterized in terms of mechanical properties using Z-LX Table-Top Testing Machine (Shimadzu, Japan) and DT using adapted compendial tester (Erweka ZT52, Germany) with a weight.
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
3.1. Data pre-processing
274 papers (without reviews) were identified via search, of which 112 were included in the database. Nominal data from literature was transformed into numerical, using coding operator so that each nominal data had corresponding numerical value. Critical attributes for films fast disintegration were derived. 18 polymers were included as categorical data and were further differentiated on the basis of molecular weight. Values for most commonly evaluated mechanical properties were included as numerical data. Different DT methods were classified in seven classes (Table 1), while the manufacturing methods were classified in five classes. RapidMiner Studio 9.10 (RapidMiner, Dortmund, Germany) was used to transform data and employ SMV algorithm.
3.2. SVM model prediction
Attributes with the highest weight were polymer load and DT method employed (Figure 1). The polymer type and characteristic did have conclusive effects on DT as their weight varied during data mining. This can be attributed to inconclusive data provided in papers and lot of missing values for those attributes. Mechanical properties had low weight, which can be explained with the broad value range for those attributes. Different research groups had different approach to disintegration testing, which lowered model precision as it was reported that SVM does not have high accuracy when data is imbalanced [3]. Relative error value was 20%, which can be considered as high, but, having in mind great diversity in presented data and methodology, obtained value is still acceptable for the pilot study.
3.3. Experimental validation
HPC-based films prepared by 3D printing had tensile strength, elongation at break and Young’s modulus of 3.5 MPa, 137% and 5 MPa, respectively. Average DT was 69 s. For casted films, relevant values were 3.4 MPa, 105% and 3 MPa, and DT was 27 s. Experimentally obtained results were entered into model simulator (Figure 2) to simulate situation reflecting the experimental set up in which HPC-based films were prepared by 3D printing and solvent casting, and relevant attribute values obtained by samples characterization. In the case were manufacturing method was set to be 3D printing (coded as 1) predicted DT value was close to experimentally obtained value, i.e. 71.7 and 69 s, respectively. When solvent casting method was considered, predicted DT value was remarkedly higher than the experimentally obtained one, indicating bad predictability. It might be assumed that good predictability obtained in the case of 3D printed films is associated with lower data variability due to more simple sample composition and robust preparation method. In the case of casted films, data was much more complex due to a higher number of research papers and approaches to characterisation.
4. CONCLUSION
The obtained results indicate that SVM algorithm can be employed to predict ODF DT value based on the dataset created using literature data. However, in order to obtain meaningful predictions, larger dataset, with fewer inconsistences and less missing values would be advantageous.",
publisher = "Slovensko farmacevtsko društvo in Univerza v Ljubljani, Fakulteta za farmacijo",
journal = "9th BBBB International Conference on Pharmaceutical Sciences Pharma Sciences of Tomorrow: Book of Abstracts",
title = "Application of support vector machine learning for orodispersible films disintegration time prediction",
pages = "239-240",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_farfar_4758"
}

Turković, E., Vasiljević, I., Vasiljević, D., Ibrić, S.,& Parojčić, J.. (2022). Application of support vector machine learning for orodispersible films disintegration time prediction. in 9th BBBB International Conference on Pharmaceutical Sciences Pharma Sciences of Tomorrow: Book of Abstracts
Slovensko farmacevtsko društvo in Univerza v Ljubljani, Fakulteta za farmacijo., 239-240.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_farfar_4758

Turković E, Vasiljević I, Vasiljević D, Ibrić S, Parojčić J. Application of support vector machine learning for orodispersible films disintegration time prediction. in 9th BBBB International Conference on Pharmaceutical Sciences Pharma Sciences of Tomorrow: Book of Abstracts. 2022;:239-240.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_farfar_4758 .

Turković, Erna, Vasiljević, Ivana, Vasiljević, Dragana, Ibrić, Svetlana, Parojčić, Jelena, "Application of support vector machine learning for orodispersible films disintegration time prediction" in 9th BBBB International Conference on Pharmaceutical Sciences Pharma Sciences of Tomorrow: Book of Abstracts (2022):239-240,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_farfar_4758 .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Vasiljević, Ivana
AU  - Turković, Erna
AU  - Piller, Michael
AU  - Mirković, Miljana
AU  - Zimmer, Andreas
AU  - Aleksić, Ivana
AU  - Ibrić, Svetlana
AU  - Parojčić, Jelena
PY  - 2022
UR  - https://farfar.pharmacy.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/4318
AB  - 3D printing in dosage forms fabrication is in the focus of researchers, however, the attempts in multiparticulate units (MPUs) preparation are scarce. The aim of this study was to fabricate different size MPUs by selective laser sintering (SLS), using different polymers, and investigate their processability based on the SeDeM Expert System approach. MPUs (1- or 2-mm size) were prepared with model drug (ibuprofen or caffeine), polymer (poly(ethylene)oxide (PEO), ethyl cellulose (EC) or methacrylic acid-ethyl acrylate copolymer (MA-EA)) and printing aid. Comprehensive sample characterization was performed and experimentally obtained parameters were mathematically transformed and evaluated using the SeDeM Expert System framework. The obtained samples exhibited irregular shape, despite the spherical printing object design. Polymer incorporated notably affected MPUs properties. The obtained samples exhibited low bulk density, good flowability-, as well as stability-related parameters, which indicated their suitability for filling into capsules or sachets. Low density values implied that compressibility enhancing excipients may be required for MPUs incorporation in tablets. Samples containing EC and MA-EA were found suitable for compression, due to high compacts tensile strength. The obtained results indicate that SeDeM Expert System may extended from powder compressibility evaluation tool to framework facilitating powders/multiparticulate units processing.
PB  - Elsevier B.V.
T2  - International Journal of Pharmaceutics
T1  - Processability evaluation of multiparticulate units prepared by selective laser sintering using the SeDeM Expert System approach
VL  - 629
DO  - 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122337
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Vasiljević, Ivana and Turković, Erna and Piller, Michael and Mirković, Miljana and Zimmer, Andreas and Aleksić, Ivana and Ibrić, Svetlana and Parojčić, Jelena",
year = "2022",
abstract = "3D printing in dosage forms fabrication is in the focus of researchers, however, the attempts in multiparticulate units (MPUs) preparation are scarce. The aim of this study was to fabricate different size MPUs by selective laser sintering (SLS), using different polymers, and investigate their processability based on the SeDeM Expert System approach. MPUs (1- or 2-mm size) were prepared with model drug (ibuprofen or caffeine), polymer (poly(ethylene)oxide (PEO), ethyl cellulose (EC) or methacrylic acid-ethyl acrylate copolymer (MA-EA)) and printing aid. Comprehensive sample characterization was performed and experimentally obtained parameters were mathematically transformed and evaluated using the SeDeM Expert System framework. The obtained samples exhibited irregular shape, despite the spherical printing object design. Polymer incorporated notably affected MPUs properties. The obtained samples exhibited low bulk density, good flowability-, as well as stability-related parameters, which indicated their suitability for filling into capsules or sachets. Low density values implied that compressibility enhancing excipients may be required for MPUs incorporation in tablets. Samples containing EC and MA-EA were found suitable for compression, due to high compacts tensile strength. The obtained results indicate that SeDeM Expert System may extended from powder compressibility evaluation tool to framework facilitating powders/multiparticulate units processing.",
publisher = "Elsevier B.V.",
journal = "International Journal of Pharmaceutics",
title = "Processability evaluation of multiparticulate units prepared by selective laser sintering using the SeDeM Expert System approach",
volume = "629",
doi = "10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122337"
}

Vasiljević, I., Turković, E., Piller, M., Mirković, M., Zimmer, A., Aleksić, I., Ibrić, S.,& Parojčić, J.. (2022). Processability evaluation of multiparticulate units prepared by selective laser sintering using the SeDeM Expert System approach. in International Journal of Pharmaceutics
Elsevier B.V.., 629.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122337

Vasiljević I, Turković E, Piller M, Mirković M, Zimmer A, Aleksić I, Ibrić S, Parojčić J. Processability evaluation of multiparticulate units prepared by selective laser sintering using the SeDeM Expert System approach. in International Journal of Pharmaceutics. 2022;629.
doi:10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122337 .

Vasiljević, Ivana, Turković, Erna, Piller, Michael, Mirković, Miljana, Zimmer, Andreas, Aleksić, Ivana, Ibrić, Svetlana, Parojčić, Jelena, "Processability evaluation of multiparticulate units prepared by selective laser sintering using the SeDeM Expert System approach" in International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 629 (2022),
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122337 . .

TY  - CONF
AU  - Vasiljević, Ivana
AU  - Turković, Erna
AU  - Parojčić, Jelena
PY  - 2022
UR  - https://farfar.pharmacy.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/4760
AB  - 1. INTRODUCTION
Selective laser sintering (SLS) represents novel 3D printing technology recently introduced in drug fabrication. It is applicable in different dosage forms preparation, including multiparticulate units (MPUs) (1). The characteristics of the obtained MPUs remain to be described, particularly their compression behaviour and mechanical properties of the obtained compacts. The aim of this work was to investigate compaction suitability of MPUs prepared by SLS printing and investigate the effect of model drug type, polymer type and MPU size as well as compression pressure on the compression related parameters (detachment and ejection stress, nett work of compression) and the obtained compacts characteristics (out-of-die elastic recovery, solid fraction and tensile strength).
2. MATERIALS AND METHODS
2.1. Materials
The MPUs were prepared using either ethyl cellulose (EC, Ethocel, Fluka, Switzerland) or methacrylic acid-ethyl acrylate copolymer (1:1) (MA-EA, Eudragit L 100-55, Evonik, Germany) as polymer forming matrices. Ibuprofen (IBU) and caffeine (CAF) were used as model drugs and Candurin® Gold Sheen (CGS, Merck KGaA, Germany) was added as pharmaceutical grade colorant.
2.2. Multiparticulate units preparation
Spherical 3D models were designed and imported as print job file (.stec) to desktop SLS printer Sintratec Kit (Sintratec AG, Switzerland). Samples composition is presented in Table 1 (C-samples contain CAF, while I samples contain IBU).
2.3. Multiparticulate units compression
MPU compacts (100 mg) were prepared on an instrumented tablet press GTP series D (Gamlen Tableting Ltd, UK) in the single compression mode, under the compression loads of 250 and 500 kg, using 6 mm diameter flat punch, at the compaction speed 30 mm/min. The supporting software enabled complete visualization of the upper punch position and force in real time. The measured forcedisplacement curves were used to calculate net work of compression, friction force between lower punch and tablet during detachment phase (detachment stress) and friction force between die and tablet in the ejection phase (ejection stress). Compact dimensions were determined 24 hours after compression. Caliper was used to measure the out-of-die compact thickness (t), while compact diameter (R) and hardness (F) were measured using the hardness tester Erweka TBH 125D (Erweka GmbH, Germany). The obtained values were used to calculate compact tensile strength, solid fraction and out-of-die elastic recovery. In order to statistically investigate the input parameter effects (polymer type, model drug type and MPU size), experimental design was applied, using software Design-Expert v.7.0 (Stat-Ease Inc, USA).
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
3.1. Multiparticulate units compression
The prepared compact tensile strength was generally higher than 1 MPa and acceptable (2), as represented in Fig. 1, while solid fraction ranged from 67.67 (C4) to 89.46% (C1 and I1). MPUs containing CAF and MPUs with MA-EA exhibited higher increase in solid fraction and tensile strength when compression load was increased, in comparison to samples prepared with IBU or EC, respectively. This indicates better tabletability and compressibility. MPU samples with MA-EA or 1 mm size exhibited higher nett work of compression, but also higher values of elastic recovery. Higher energy input corresponds to higher compressibility and susceptibility to particle consolidation. Ejection stress values did not exceed 3 MPa, which is associated with compact defect propensity (3), while detachment stress was lower than 4 MPa. This indicates that the prepared samples do not stick to punch and die and may be easily detached. All of the investigated factors (model drug type, polymer type, MPU size and compression pressure), as well as model drug-polymer type and model drug-compression pressure interaction significantly affected compact tensile strength (p<0.0001). In the case of MPUs containing CAF as model drug and EC as polymer, higher compression pressure increased tensile strength more notably. In the case of detachment stress, model drug type, polymer type and compression pressure were found as relevant factors (p=0.0013), while ejection stress was affected by polymer type, compression pressure and their interaction (p=0.0097). Elastic recovery was impacted by all the investigated parameters, as well as model drug type-polymer type and model drug type compression pressure interaction (p<0.0001). Higher compression pressure increased the elastic recovery values more notably in the case of IBU or EC samples. Model drug type, polymer type and compression pressure affected nett work (p<0.001), as well as model drug-compression pressure and polymer typecompression pressure interaction. Based on the investigated MPU samples, software-aided prediction recognized IBU, MA-EA and 1 mm-MPUs size as desirable for obtaining compacts with high tensile strength, but also low elastic recovery, low detachment and ejection stress and high nett work values.
4. CONCLUSION
The multiparticulate units were successfully compressed into compacts with good tensile strength values (higher than 1 MPa, generally), low detachment and ejection stress (lower than 3 and 4 MPa, respectively). MPUs containing CAF and MPUs with MA-EA exhibited higher tabletability and compressibility in comparison to samples prepared with IBU or EC, respectively. Polymer type and compression pressure affected all the investigated compact characteristics (tensile strength, detachment and ejection stress, out-of-die elastic recovery and nett work of compression), while MPU size impact on the observed parameters was the lowest. MPUs containing IBU and MA-EA, with 1 mm size were recognized as preferable for obtaining compacts with favourable characteristics.
PB  - Slovensko farmacevtsko društvo in Univerza v Ljubljani, Fakulteta za farmacijo
C3  - 9th BBBB International Conference on Pharmaceutical Sciences Pharma Sciences of Tomorrow: Book of Abstracts
T1  - How formulation parameters affect compression behaviour of multiparticulate units prepared by selective laser sintering?
SP  - 249
EP  - 250
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_farfar_4760
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Vasiljević, Ivana and Turković, Erna and Parojčić, Jelena",
year = "2022",
abstract = "1. INTRODUCTION
Selective laser sintering (SLS) represents novel 3D printing technology recently introduced in drug fabrication. It is applicable in different dosage forms preparation, including multiparticulate units (MPUs) (1). The characteristics of the obtained MPUs remain to be described, particularly their compression behaviour and mechanical properties of the obtained compacts. The aim of this work was to investigate compaction suitability of MPUs prepared by SLS printing and investigate the effect of model drug type, polymer type and MPU size as well as compression pressure on the compression related parameters (detachment and ejection stress, nett work of compression) and the obtained compacts characteristics (out-of-die elastic recovery, solid fraction and tensile strength).
2. MATERIALS AND METHODS
2.1. Materials
The MPUs were prepared using either ethyl cellulose (EC, Ethocel, Fluka, Switzerland) or methacrylic acid-ethyl acrylate copolymer (1:1) (MA-EA, Eudragit L 100-55, Evonik, Germany) as polymer forming matrices. Ibuprofen (IBU) and caffeine (CAF) were used as model drugs and Candurin® Gold Sheen (CGS, Merck KGaA, Germany) was added as pharmaceutical grade colorant.
2.2. Multiparticulate units preparation
Spherical 3D models were designed and imported as print job file (.stec) to desktop SLS printer Sintratec Kit (Sintratec AG, Switzerland). Samples composition is presented in Table 1 (C-samples contain CAF, while I samples contain IBU).
2.3. Multiparticulate units compression
MPU compacts (100 mg) were prepared on an instrumented tablet press GTP series D (Gamlen Tableting Ltd, UK) in the single compression mode, under the compression loads of 250 and 500 kg, using 6 mm diameter flat punch, at the compaction speed 30 mm/min. The supporting software enabled complete visualization of the upper punch position and force in real time. The measured forcedisplacement curves were used to calculate net work of compression, friction force between lower punch and tablet during detachment phase (detachment stress) and friction force between die and tablet in the ejection phase (ejection stress). Compact dimensions were determined 24 hours after compression. Caliper was used to measure the out-of-die compact thickness (t), while compact diameter (R) and hardness (F) were measured using the hardness tester Erweka TBH 125D (Erweka GmbH, Germany). The obtained values were used to calculate compact tensile strength, solid fraction and out-of-die elastic recovery. In order to statistically investigate the input parameter effects (polymer type, model drug type and MPU size), experimental design was applied, using software Design-Expert v.7.0 (Stat-Ease Inc, USA).
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
3.1. Multiparticulate units compression
The prepared compact tensile strength was generally higher than 1 MPa and acceptable (2), as represented in Fig. 1, while solid fraction ranged from 67.67 (C4) to 89.46% (C1 and I1). MPUs containing CAF and MPUs with MA-EA exhibited higher increase in solid fraction and tensile strength when compression load was increased, in comparison to samples prepared with IBU or EC, respectively. This indicates better tabletability and compressibility. MPU samples with MA-EA or 1 mm size exhibited higher nett work of compression, but also higher values of elastic recovery. Higher energy input corresponds to higher compressibility and susceptibility to particle consolidation. Ejection stress values did not exceed 3 MPa, which is associated with compact defect propensity (3), while detachment stress was lower than 4 MPa. This indicates that the prepared samples do not stick to punch and die and may be easily detached. All of the investigated factors (model drug type, polymer type, MPU size and compression pressure), as well as model drug-polymer type and model drug-compression pressure interaction significantly affected compact tensile strength (p<0.0001). In the case of MPUs containing CAF as model drug and EC as polymer, higher compression pressure increased tensile strength more notably. In the case of detachment stress, model drug type, polymer type and compression pressure were found as relevant factors (p=0.0013), while ejection stress was affected by polymer type, compression pressure and their interaction (p=0.0097). Elastic recovery was impacted by all the investigated parameters, as well as model drug type-polymer type and model drug type compression pressure interaction (p<0.0001). Higher compression pressure increased the elastic recovery values more notably in the case of IBU or EC samples. Model drug type, polymer type and compression pressure affected nett work (p<0.001), as well as model drug-compression pressure and polymer typecompression pressure interaction. Based on the investigated MPU samples, software-aided prediction recognized IBU, MA-EA and 1 mm-MPUs size as desirable for obtaining compacts with high tensile strength, but also low elastic recovery, low detachment and ejection stress and high nett work values.
4. CONCLUSION
The multiparticulate units were successfully compressed into compacts with good tensile strength values (higher than 1 MPa, generally), low detachment and ejection stress (lower than 3 and 4 MPa, respectively). MPUs containing CAF and MPUs with MA-EA exhibited higher tabletability and compressibility in comparison to samples prepared with IBU or EC, respectively. Polymer type and compression pressure affected all the investigated compact characteristics (tensile strength, detachment and ejection stress, out-of-die elastic recovery and nett work of compression), while MPU size impact on the observed parameters was the lowest. MPUs containing IBU and MA-EA, with 1 mm size were recognized as preferable for obtaining compacts with favourable characteristics.",
publisher = "Slovensko farmacevtsko društvo in Univerza v Ljubljani, Fakulteta za farmacijo",
journal = "9th BBBB International Conference on Pharmaceutical Sciences Pharma Sciences of Tomorrow: Book of Abstracts",
title = "How formulation parameters affect compression behaviour of multiparticulate units prepared by selective laser sintering?",
pages = "249-250",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_farfar_4760"
}

Vasiljević, I., Turković, E.,& Parojčić, J.. (2022). How formulation parameters affect compression behaviour of multiparticulate units prepared by selective laser sintering?. in 9th BBBB International Conference on Pharmaceutical Sciences Pharma Sciences of Tomorrow: Book of Abstracts
Slovensko farmacevtsko društvo in Univerza v Ljubljani, Fakulteta za farmacijo., 249-250.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_farfar_4760

Vasiljević I, Turković E, Parojčić J. How formulation parameters affect compression behaviour of multiparticulate units prepared by selective laser sintering?. in 9th BBBB International Conference on Pharmaceutical Sciences Pharma Sciences of Tomorrow: Book of Abstracts. 2022;:249-250.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_farfar_4760 .

Vasiljević, Ivana, Turković, Erna, Parojčić, Jelena, "How formulation parameters affect compression behaviour of multiparticulate units prepared by selective laser sintering?" in 9th BBBB International Conference on Pharmaceutical Sciences Pharma Sciences of Tomorrow: Book of Abstracts (2022):249-250,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_farfar_4760 .

TY  - CONF
AU  - Glišić, Teodora
AU  - German Ilić, Ilija
AU  - Parojčić, Jelena
AU  - Aleksić, Ivana
PY  - 2022
UR  - https://farfar.pharmacy.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/4750
AB  - 1. INTRODUCTION
Maintaining good compaction properties of
liquisolid systems (LSS) is particularly
challenging in the case of high-dose drugs [1].
High amount of liquid phase within LSS,
required to dissolve/suspend higher amount of
drug substance, while necessary for
improvement of bioavailability, can cause
difficulties during the tableting process,
resulting in low tablet hardness or even inability
of admixtures to be directly compressed. This
has led to the development of new highly porous
carriers, specifically designed for LSS, that can
adsorb/absorb very high amount of liquid phase.
The aim of this study was to investigate the
compaction properties of LSS, prepared with
three types of novel silica-based mesoporous
carriers, using dynamic compaction analysis as
a tool, with the focus on compressibility,
compactibility and tabletability of these systems
[2].
2. MATERIALS AND METHODS
2.1. Materials
Amorphous magnesium aluminometasilicate
(Neusilin® US2, Fuji Chemical Industry Co,
Ltd., Japan) and two types of amorphous
mesoporous silicon dioxide (Syloid® XDP 3050
and Syloid® XDP 3150, Grace GmbH,
Germany) were used as carriers. Colloidal
silicon dioxide (Aerosil 200, Evonik Industries
AG, Germany) was used as coating material and
polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG 400, Fagron,
Netherlands) was used as liquid phase.
2.2. Liquisolid Admixture Preparation
LS admixtures (Table 1) were prepared using
Mycrolab fluid bed processor (OYSTAR
Hüttlin, Germany), with the operating
temperature of 30°C, inlet air flow rate of 20
m3/h, and liquid feed rate of 12 g/min.
Table 1. Composition of prepared LS
admixtures
Liquisolid
admixturesa Rb Liquid
load
PEG
400 (%)
S1 10 0.7 38.9
S2 30 0.7 40.4
S3 10 0.6 35.3
S4 30 0.6 36.7
N1 10 1.1 49.8
N2 30 1.2 54.7
a type of carrier used: S1, S2 - Syloid® XDP
3050, S3, S4 - Syloid® XDP 3150, N1, N2 -
Neusilin® US2; bcarrier to coating material ratio
2.3. Powder density
LS admixtures’ true densities were determined
by helium pycnometer (AccuPyc 1330,
Micromeritics, GA) while bulk and tapped
densities were measured using a graduated
cylinder and a volumeter (STAV 2003, J.
Engelsmann AG, Germany).
2.4. Powder morphology
The morphology of LS particles was examined
using a scanning electron microscope (SEM,
Supra 35VP, Carl Zeiss, Germany).
2.5. Dynamic compaction analysis
Dynamic compaction analysis was performed
on an instrumented tablet press (GTP D series,
Gamlen Tableting Ltd, UK). 6 mm flat faced
punches were used at a compaction speed of 60
mm/min, with compression load ranging from
250 to 500 kg, with a 50 kg increment.
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
3.1. Compressibility of LS admixtures
Regardless of the compaction pressure applied
and differences in liquid load, very high values
of solid fraction were observed in LS compacts
with Neusilin® US2 (0.90-0.94). On the other
hand, LS compacts with both Syloid® XDP
carriers exhibited lower relative density (0.59-
0.89) that was affected by changes in the
applied compaction pressure. Compressibility
profiles suggest that carrier particle size and the
amount of coating material used, had an effect
on relative density. An increase in the amount
of coating material used had a negative impact
on compressibility and lower values of solid
fraction were achieved.
3.2. Compactibility of LS admixtures
Admixtures N1 and N2 could be considered as
having good compactibility [3]. Compacts with
Neusilin® US2 achieved higher tensile strength
values compared to compacts with Syloid®
XDP, even at low compaction pressures.
Particle geometry and shape (Fig. 1) can affect
the way particles interact during tableting and
therefore may affect their mechanical
characteristics. Differences in particle size
could be a reason for lower values of solid
fraction and tensile strength observed in
compacts prepared with Syloid® XDP 3150
compared to compacts with Syloid® XDP 3050
as carrier.
Figure 1. SEM micrographies of LS particles:
admixture N1 (left) and S1 (right)
3.3. Tabletability of LS admixtures
Despite the significantly higher liquid load,
better tabletability was observed in LSS with
Neusilin® US2 as carrier with tensile strength
ranging from 1,68 to 2,55 and 1,61 to 2,11 for
formulations N1 and N2, respectively.
Although relatively similar values of tensile
strength were achieved, tabletability profiles
indicate that there are differences in compaction
behavior between formulations N1 and N2.
Higher values of tensile strength observed at the
same compression pressure indicate better
tabletability of LS admixtures with Syloid®
XDP 3050 compared to those with Syloid®
XDP 3150 as carrier. Interestingly,
formulations with Syloid® XDP 3050 had
higher liquid load which implies that this
formulation factor had lesser influence on
tabletability compared to the properties of the
carrier itself (such as particle size and specific
surface area). The lowest tabletability was
observed in LS admixtures S3 and S4 with
compact tensile strength lower than 1 MPa at all
but highest compaction pressure applied.
4. CONCLUSION
Out of the three investigated carriers, Neusilin®
US2 showed the best compaction properties
despite its high liquid load. LS admixtures with
this carrier exhibited the highest values of
tensile strength and solid fraction at relatively
low compression pressures. Pronounced
differences have been noticed between the two
Syloid carriers, which indicates the effect of
carrier particle size on compaction properties of
LS admixtures.
PB  - Slovensko farmacevtsko društvo in Univerza v Ljubljani, Fakulteta za farmacijo
C3  - 9th BBBB International Conference on Pharmaceutical Sciences Pharma Sciences of Tomorrow: Book of Abstracts
T1  - Comparative compression characterization of liquisolid systems prepared with mesoporous carriers
SP  - 180
EP  - 181
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_farfar_4750
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Glišić, Teodora and German Ilić, Ilija and Parojčić, Jelena and Aleksić, Ivana",
year = "2022",
abstract = "1. INTRODUCTION
Maintaining good compaction properties of
liquisolid systems (LSS) is particularly
challenging in the case of high-dose drugs [1].
High amount of liquid phase within LSS,
required to dissolve/suspend higher amount of
drug substance, while necessary for
improvement of bioavailability, can cause
difficulties during the tableting process,
resulting in low tablet hardness or even inability
of admixtures to be directly compressed. This
has led to the development of new highly porous
carriers, specifically designed for LSS, that can
adsorb/absorb very high amount of liquid phase.
The aim of this study was to investigate the
compaction properties of LSS, prepared with
three types of novel silica-based mesoporous
carriers, using dynamic compaction analysis as
a tool, with the focus on compressibility,
compactibility and tabletability of these systems
[2].
2. MATERIALS AND METHODS
2.1. Materials
Amorphous magnesium aluminometasilicate
(Neusilin® US2, Fuji Chemical Industry Co,
Ltd., Japan) and two types of amorphous
mesoporous silicon dioxide (Syloid® XDP 3050
and Syloid® XDP 3150, Grace GmbH,
Germany) were used as carriers. Colloidal
silicon dioxide (Aerosil 200, Evonik Industries
AG, Germany) was used as coating material and
polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG 400, Fagron,
Netherlands) was used as liquid phase.
2.2. Liquisolid Admixture Preparation
LS admixtures (Table 1) were prepared using
Mycrolab fluid bed processor (OYSTAR
Hüttlin, Germany), with the operating
temperature of 30°C, inlet air flow rate of 20
m3/h, and liquid feed rate of 12 g/min.
Table 1. Composition of prepared LS
admixtures
Liquisolid
admixturesa Rb Liquid
load
PEG
400 (%)
S1 10 0.7 38.9
S2 30 0.7 40.4
S3 10 0.6 35.3
S4 30 0.6 36.7
N1 10 1.1 49.8
N2 30 1.2 54.7
a type of carrier used: S1, S2 - Syloid® XDP
3050, S3, S4 - Syloid® XDP 3150, N1, N2 -
Neusilin® US2; bcarrier to coating material ratio
2.3. Powder density
LS admixtures’ true densities were determined
by helium pycnometer (AccuPyc 1330,
Micromeritics, GA) while bulk and tapped
densities were measured using a graduated
cylinder and a volumeter (STAV 2003, J.
Engelsmann AG, Germany).
2.4. Powder morphology
The morphology of LS particles was examined
using a scanning electron microscope (SEM,
Supra 35VP, Carl Zeiss, Germany).
2.5. Dynamic compaction analysis
Dynamic compaction analysis was performed
on an instrumented tablet press (GTP D series,
Gamlen Tableting Ltd, UK). 6 mm flat faced
punches were used at a compaction speed of 60
mm/min, with compression load ranging from
250 to 500 kg, with a 50 kg increment.
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
3.1. Compressibility of LS admixtures
Regardless of the compaction pressure applied
and differences in liquid load, very high values
of solid fraction were observed in LS compacts
with Neusilin® US2 (0.90-0.94). On the other
hand, LS compacts with both Syloid® XDP
carriers exhibited lower relative density (0.59-
0.89) that was affected by changes in the
applied compaction pressure. Compressibility
profiles suggest that carrier particle size and the
amount of coating material used, had an effect
on relative density. An increase in the amount
of coating material used had a negative impact
on compressibility and lower values of solid
fraction were achieved.
3.2. Compactibility of LS admixtures
Admixtures N1 and N2 could be considered as
having good compactibility [3]. Compacts with
Neusilin® US2 achieved higher tensile strength
values compared to compacts with Syloid®
XDP, even at low compaction pressures.
Particle geometry and shape (Fig. 1) can affect
the way particles interact during tableting and
therefore may affect their mechanical
characteristics. Differences in particle size
could be a reason for lower values of solid
fraction and tensile strength observed in
compacts prepared with Syloid® XDP 3150
compared to compacts with Syloid® XDP 3050
as carrier.
Figure 1. SEM micrographies of LS particles:
admixture N1 (left) and S1 (right)
3.3. Tabletability of LS admixtures
Despite the significantly higher liquid load,
better tabletability was observed in LSS with
Neusilin® US2 as carrier with tensile strength
ranging from 1,68 to 2,55 and 1,61 to 2,11 for
formulations N1 and N2, respectively.
Although relatively similar values of tensile
strength were achieved, tabletability profiles
indicate that there are differences in compaction
behavior between formulations N1 and N2.
Higher values of tensile strength observed at the
same compression pressure indicate better
tabletability of LS admixtures with Syloid®
XDP 3050 compared to those with Syloid®
XDP 3150 as carrier. Interestingly,
formulations with Syloid® XDP 3050 had
higher liquid load which implies that this
formulation factor had lesser influence on
tabletability compared to the properties of the
carrier itself (such as particle size and specific
surface area). The lowest tabletability was
observed in LS admixtures S3 and S4 with
compact tensile strength lower than 1 MPa at all
but highest compaction pressure applied.
4. CONCLUSION
Out of the three investigated carriers, Neusilin®
US2 showed the best compaction properties
despite its high liquid load. LS admixtures with
this carrier exhibited the highest values of
tensile strength and solid fraction at relatively
low compression pressures. Pronounced
differences have been noticed between the two
Syloid carriers, which indicates the effect of
carrier particle size on compaction properties of
LS admixtures.",
publisher = "Slovensko farmacevtsko društvo in Univerza v Ljubljani, Fakulteta za farmacijo",
journal = "9th BBBB International Conference on Pharmaceutical Sciences Pharma Sciences of Tomorrow: Book of Abstracts",
title = "Comparative compression characterization of liquisolid systems prepared with mesoporous carriers",
pages = "180-181",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_farfar_4750"
}

Glišić, T., German Ilić, I., Parojčić, J.,& Aleksić, I.. (2022). Comparative compression characterization of liquisolid systems prepared with mesoporous carriers. in 9th BBBB International Conference on Pharmaceutical Sciences Pharma Sciences of Tomorrow: Book of Abstracts
Slovensko farmacevtsko društvo in Univerza v Ljubljani, Fakulteta za farmacijo., 180-181.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_farfar_4750

Glišić T, German Ilić I, Parojčić J, Aleksić I. Comparative compression characterization of liquisolid systems prepared with mesoporous carriers. in 9th BBBB International Conference on Pharmaceutical Sciences Pharma Sciences of Tomorrow: Book of Abstracts. 2022;:180-181.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_farfar_4750 .

Glišić, Teodora, German Ilić, Ilija, Parojčić, Jelena, Aleksić, Ivana, "Comparative compression characterization of liquisolid systems prepared with mesoporous carriers" in 9th BBBB International Conference on Pharmaceutical Sciences Pharma Sciences of Tomorrow: Book of Abstracts (2022):180-181,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_farfar_4750 .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Aleksić, Ivana
AU  - Glišić, Teodora
AU  - Parojčić, Jelena
PY  - 2022
UR  - https://farfar.pharmacy.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/4406
AB  - Liquisolid systems are a novel, promising platform for the production of solid dosage forms
with a high liquid content, i.e. dispersion of the drug in a suitable, hydrophilic, non-volatile liquid
vehicle or liquid drug. This technology requires conventional, but highly porous excipients
(carrier and coating material in the appropriate ratio) able to absorb/adsorb liquid medication,
resulting in both good flowability and acceptable compression properties. This approach has
shown great potential to improve the dissolution rate and bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs,
and has been recognized as a good alternative to common, more complex and expensive
techniques. A variety of applications of this simple technique have been investigated recently,
including the preparation of: modified release tablets, orally disintegrating tablets, solid dosage
forms with liquid herbal extracts, etc. This emerging technology has numerous advantages, and
the most important are: simplicity, cost-effectiveness, applicability in large scale production and
environmental friendliness. However, it is accompanied by certain challenges as well, such as
limited applicability in the case of highly dosed drugs. This article aims to give a comprehensive
overview of recent progress regarding the potential applications of this technology, as well as to
give an insight into the new liquisolid-based techniques intending to further support its
commercial applicability.
AB  - Tečno-čvrsti sistemi su nova, obećavajuća platforma za proizvodnju čvrstih farmaceutskih oblika sa visokim sadržajem tečnosti, odnosno disperzije lekovite supstance u pogodnom, hidrofilnom i neisparljivom tečnom vehikulumu ili same lekovite supstance u tečnom agregatnom stanju. Ova tehnologija podrazumeva upotrebu konvencionalnih, ali visoko poroznih ekscipijenasa (nosača i sredstva za oblaganje u odgovarajućem odnosu) koji mogu da absorbuju/adsorbuju tečnost uz zadržavanje dobre protočnosti i prihvatljivih svojstava pri kompresiji. Ovaj pristup je pokazao značajan potencijal da poboljša brzinu rastvaranja i bioraspoloživost slabo rastvorljivih lekovitih supstanci, a prepoznat je kao dobra alternativa uobičajeno primenjivanim, znatno složenijim i skupljim tehnikama. Pored toga, nedavno su istraživane brojne mogućnosti za primenu ove jednostavne tehnike, uključujući izradu: tableta sa modifikovanim oslobađanjem lekovite supstance, oralno disperzibilnih tableta, čvrstih farmaceutskih oblika sa tečnim biljnim ekstraktima, itd. Ova nova tehnologija pruža brojne prednosti, među kojima su najvažnije njena jednostavnost, ekonomičnost, primenljivost u industrijskoj proizvodnji i ekološka prihvatljivost. Međutim, prate je i izvesni izazovi, kao što je ograničena primenljivost u slučaju visoko doziranih lekovitih supstanci. Ovaj rad ima za cilj da pruži sveobuhvatan pregled nedavnog napretka u pogledu potencijalne primene ove tehnologije, kao i da pruži uvid u nove tehnike zasnovane na konceptu tečno-čvrstih sistema koje teže da dalje prošire njenu komercijalnu primenu.
PB  - Pharmaceutical Association of Serbia
T2  - Arhiv za farmaciju
T1  - Liquisolid systems as a novel approach in formulation and manufacturing of solid dosage forms: Challenges and perspectives
T1  - Tečno-čvrsti sistemi kao novi pristup razvoju formulacija i proizvodnji čvrstih farmaceutskih oblika lekova - izazovi i perspektive
VL  - 72
IS  - 6
SP  - 521
EP  - 545
DO  - 10.5937/arhfarm72-40329
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Aleksić, Ivana and Glišić, Teodora and Parojčić, Jelena",
year = "2022",
abstract = "Liquisolid systems are a novel, promising platform for the production of solid dosage forms
with a high liquid content, i.e. dispersion of the drug in a suitable, hydrophilic, non-volatile liquid
vehicle or liquid drug. This technology requires conventional, but highly porous excipients
(carrier and coating material in the appropriate ratio) able to absorb/adsorb liquid medication,
resulting in both good flowability and acceptable compression properties. This approach has
shown great potential to improve the dissolution rate and bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs,
and has been recognized as a good alternative to common, more complex and expensive
techniques. A variety of applications of this simple technique have been investigated recently,
including the preparation of: modified release tablets, orally disintegrating tablets, solid dosage
forms with liquid herbal extracts, etc. This emerging technology has numerous advantages, and
the most important are: simplicity, cost-effectiveness, applicability in large scale production and
environmental friendliness. However, it is accompanied by certain challenges as well, such as
limited applicability in the case of highly dosed drugs. This article aims to give a comprehensive
overview of recent progress regarding the potential applications of this technology, as well as to
give an insight into the new liquisolid-based techniques intending to further support its
commercial applicability., Tečno-čvrsti sistemi su nova, obećavajuća platforma za proizvodnju čvrstih farmaceutskih oblika sa visokim sadržajem tečnosti, odnosno disperzije lekovite supstance u pogodnom, hidrofilnom i neisparljivom tečnom vehikulumu ili same lekovite supstance u tečnom agregatnom stanju. Ova tehnologija podrazumeva upotrebu konvencionalnih, ali visoko poroznih ekscipijenasa (nosača i sredstva za oblaganje u odgovarajućem odnosu) koji mogu da absorbuju/adsorbuju tečnost uz zadržavanje dobre protočnosti i prihvatljivih svojstava pri kompresiji. Ovaj pristup je pokazao značajan potencijal da poboljša brzinu rastvaranja i bioraspoloživost slabo rastvorljivih lekovitih supstanci, a prepoznat je kao dobra alternativa uobičajeno primenjivanim, znatno složenijim i skupljim tehnikama. Pored toga, nedavno su istraživane brojne mogućnosti za primenu ove jednostavne tehnike, uključujući izradu: tableta sa modifikovanim oslobađanjem lekovite supstance, oralno disperzibilnih tableta, čvrstih farmaceutskih oblika sa tečnim biljnim ekstraktima, itd. Ova nova tehnologija pruža brojne prednosti, među kojima su najvažnije njena jednostavnost, ekonomičnost, primenljivost u industrijskoj proizvodnji i ekološka prihvatljivost. Međutim, prate je i izvesni izazovi, kao što je ograničena primenljivost u slučaju visoko doziranih lekovitih supstanci. Ovaj rad ima za cilj da pruži sveobuhvatan pregled nedavnog napretka u pogledu potencijalne primene ove tehnologije, kao i da pruži uvid u nove tehnike zasnovane na konceptu tečno-čvrstih sistema koje teže da dalje prošire njenu komercijalnu primenu.",
publisher = "Pharmaceutical Association of Serbia",
journal = "Arhiv za farmaciju",
title = "Liquisolid systems as a novel approach in formulation and manufacturing of solid dosage forms: Challenges and perspectives, Tečno-čvrsti sistemi kao novi pristup razvoju formulacija i proizvodnji čvrstih farmaceutskih oblika lekova - izazovi i perspektive",
volume = "72",
number = "6",
pages = "521-545",
doi = "10.5937/arhfarm72-40329"
}

Aleksić, I., Glišić, T.,& Parojčić, J.. (2022). Liquisolid systems as a novel approach in formulation and manufacturing of solid dosage forms: Challenges and perspectives. in Arhiv za farmaciju
Pharmaceutical Association of Serbia., 72(6), 521-545.
https://doi.org/10.5937/arhfarm72-40329

Aleksić I, Glišić T, Parojčić J. Liquisolid systems as a novel approach in formulation and manufacturing of solid dosage forms: Challenges and perspectives. in Arhiv za farmaciju. 2022;72(6):521-545.
doi:10.5937/arhfarm72-40329 .

Aleksić, Ivana, Glišić, Teodora, Parojčić, Jelena, "Liquisolid systems as a novel approach in formulation and manufacturing of solid dosage forms: Challenges and perspectives" in Arhiv za farmaciju, 72, no. 6 (2022):521-545,
https://doi.org/10.5937/arhfarm72-40329 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Vasiljević, Ivana
AU  - Turković, Erna
AU  - Aleksić, Ivana
AU  - Parojčić, Jelena
PY  - 2022
UR  - https://farfar.pharmacy.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/4409
AB  - An understanding of material properties and processing effects on solid dosage forms
performance is required within the Quality-by-design approach to pharmaceutical development.
Several research groups have developed mathematical approaches aiming to facilitate the
selection of formulation composition and the manufacturing technology. These approaches are
based on material particulate, bulk and compression-related properties. This paper provides
theoretical assumptions and a critical review of different mathematical approaches for
processability characterization of powders and multiparticulate units.
Mathematical approaches have mainly been developed for directly compressible materials,
but sometimes other manufacturing technologies, such as roller compaction and wet granulation,
are also considered. The obtained compact tensile strength has been implemented in the majority
of approaches, as an important characteristic describing compact mechanical properties.
Flowability should be also evaluated, since it affects sample processability. Additionally, particle
size and shape, material density and compressibility, compactibility and tabletability profiles have
been also distinguished as relevant properties for solid dosage form development.
The application of mathematical approaches may contribute to the mechanistic
understanding of critical material attributes and facilitate dosage form development and
optimization. However, it is essential to select the appropriate one, based on the intended dosage
form characteristics, in order to ensure that all relevant powder/multiparticulate units
characteristics are implemented and critically evaluated.
AB  - Poznavanje uticaja svojstava materijala i procesnih parametara na karakteristike čvrstih farmaceutskih oblika predstavlja osnovu Quality-by-design pristupa razvoju lekova. Kako bi bio olakšan razvoj formulacije i izbor proizvodne tehnologije, više istraživačkih grupa opisalo je matematičke pristupe, koji se zasnivaju na čestičnim karakteristikama čestica, osobinama praška i ponašanju materijala pri kompresiji. U ovom radu prikazana su teorijska razmatranja i kritički pregled matematičkih pristupa razvijenih za karakterizaciju praškova i višečestičnih sistema. Ovi matematički pristupi su, generalno, razvijeni za karakterizaciju materijala pogodnih za direktnu kompresiju. Međutim, u nekim slučajevima se razmatraju i druge tehnologije, kao što su suva i vlažna granulacija. Među opisanim karakteristikama materijala, zatezna čvrstina se izdvaja kao jedna od najznačajnijih za procenu mehaničkih svojstava kompakta. Potrebno je ispitati i protočnost materijala. Takođe, veličina i oblik čestica, gustina materijala i profili koji opisuju kompresibilnost, kompaktibilnost i tabletabilnost materijala prepoznati su kao karakteristike koje značajno utiču na razvoj čvrstih farmaceutskih oblika. Primena matematičkih pristupa u karakterizaciji praškova i višečestičnih sistema može doprineti mehanističkom razumevanju svojstava materijala i olakšati razvoj i optimizaciju čvrstih farmaceutskih oblika lekova. Međutim, ključno je odabrati odgovarajući pristup, zavisno od željenih karakteristika finalnog preparata, kako bi sva kritična svojstva materijala bila ispitana i kritički razmotrena.
PB  - Pharmaceutical Association of Serbia
T2  - Arhiv za farmaciju
T1  - Mathematical approaches for powders and multiparticulate units processability characterization in pharmaceutical development
T1  - Pregled i kritička analiza matematičkih pristupa za karakterizaciju praškova i višečestičnih sistema u razvoju lekova
VL  - 72
IS  - 6
SP  - 637
EP  - 660
DO  - 10.5937/arhfarm72-40961
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Vasiljević, Ivana and Turković, Erna and Aleksić, Ivana and Parojčić, Jelena",
year = "2022",
abstract = "An understanding of material properties and processing effects on solid dosage forms
performance is required within the Quality-by-design approach to pharmaceutical development.
Several research groups have developed mathematical approaches aiming to facilitate the
selection of formulation composition and the manufacturing technology. These approaches are
based on material particulate, bulk and compression-related properties. This paper provides
theoretical assumptions and a critical review of different mathematical approaches for
processability characterization of powders and multiparticulate units.
Mathematical approaches have mainly been developed for directly compressible materials,
but sometimes other manufacturing technologies, such as roller compaction and wet granulation,
are also considered. The obtained compact tensile strength has been implemented in the majority
of approaches, as an important characteristic describing compact mechanical properties.
Flowability should be also evaluated, since it affects sample processability. Additionally, particle
size and shape, material density and compressibility, compactibility and tabletability profiles have
been also distinguished as relevant properties for solid dosage form development.
The application of mathematical approaches may contribute to the mechanistic
understanding of critical material attributes and facilitate dosage form development and
optimization. However, it is essential to select the appropriate one, based on the intended dosage
form characteristics, in order to ensure that all relevant powder/multiparticulate units
characteristics are implemented and critically evaluated., Poznavanje uticaja svojstava materijala i procesnih parametara na karakteristike čvrstih farmaceutskih oblika predstavlja osnovu Quality-by-design pristupa razvoju lekova. Kako bi bio olakšan razvoj formulacije i izbor proizvodne tehnologije, više istraživačkih grupa opisalo je matematičke pristupe, koji se zasnivaju na čestičnim karakteristikama čestica, osobinama praška i ponašanju materijala pri kompresiji. U ovom radu prikazana su teorijska razmatranja i kritički pregled matematičkih pristupa razvijenih za karakterizaciju praškova i višečestičnih sistema. Ovi matematički pristupi su, generalno, razvijeni za karakterizaciju materijala pogodnih za direktnu kompresiju. Međutim, u nekim slučajevima se razmatraju i druge tehnologije, kao što su suva i vlažna granulacija. Među opisanim karakteristikama materijala, zatezna čvrstina se izdvaja kao jedna od najznačajnijih za procenu mehaničkih svojstava kompakta. Potrebno je ispitati i protočnost materijala. Takođe, veličina i oblik čestica, gustina materijala i profili koji opisuju kompresibilnost, kompaktibilnost i tabletabilnost materijala prepoznati su kao karakteristike koje značajno utiču na razvoj čvrstih farmaceutskih oblika. Primena matematičkih pristupa u karakterizaciji praškova i višečestičnih sistema može doprineti mehanističkom razumevanju svojstava materijala i olakšati razvoj i optimizaciju čvrstih farmaceutskih oblika lekova. Međutim, ključno je odabrati odgovarajući pristup, zavisno od željenih karakteristika finalnog preparata, kako bi sva kritična svojstva materijala bila ispitana i kritički razmotrena.",
publisher = "Pharmaceutical Association of Serbia",
journal = "Arhiv za farmaciju",
title = "Mathematical approaches for powders and multiparticulate units processability characterization in pharmaceutical development, Pregled i kritička analiza matematičkih pristupa za karakterizaciju praškova i višečestičnih sistema u razvoju lekova",
volume = "72",
number = "6",
pages = "637-660",
doi = "10.5937/arhfarm72-40961"
}

Vasiljević, I., Turković, E., Aleksić, I.,& Parojčić, J.. (2022). Mathematical approaches for powders and multiparticulate units processability characterization in pharmaceutical development. in Arhiv za farmaciju
Pharmaceutical Association of Serbia., 72(6), 637-660.
https://doi.org/10.5937/arhfarm72-40961

Vasiljević I, Turković E, Aleksić I, Parojčić J. Mathematical approaches for powders and multiparticulate units processability characterization in pharmaceutical development. in Arhiv za farmaciju. 2022;72(6):637-660.
doi:10.5937/arhfarm72-40961 .

Vasiljević, Ivana, Turković, Erna, Aleksić, Ivana, Parojčić, Jelena, "Mathematical approaches for powders and multiparticulate units processability characterization in pharmaceutical development" in Arhiv za farmaciju, 72, no. 6 (2022):637-660,
https://doi.org/10.5937/arhfarm72-40961 . .

TY  - CONF
AU  - Glišić, Teodora
AU  - Vasiljević, Ivana
AU  - Parojčić, Jelena
AU  - Aleksić, Ivana
PY  - 2022
UR  - https://farfar.pharmacy.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/4570
AB  - Tablet disintegration in gastrointestinal fluids and the resulting increase in surface
area available for drug dissolution is one of the preconditions for achieving acceptable
bioavailability (1). Disintegrant addition shortens the disintegration time, but it can also
affect flowability and mechanical properties of liquisolid systems (2). The aim of this study
was to examine the influence of superdisintegrant type and concentration on flowability,
tensile strength and disintegration time of liquisolid systems prepared using three different
carriers.
The admixtures were prepared in a fluid bed processor. Syloid ® XDP3050, Neusilin®
US2 and Fujicalin ® were used as carriers, with liquid phase (macrogol 400) content of
40.4%, 54.8% and 14.8%, respectively, and carrier to coating material (colloidal silicon
dioxide) ratio R=30. Superdisintegrant (croscarmellose sodium, crospovidone, sodium starch
glycolate) concentration ranged from 2 to 5%. Admixtures’ flowability and compacts’ tensile
strength and disintegration time were determined. Admixtures with Fujicalin® showed the
best flowability. Superdisintegrant addition decreased flowability, except for Syloid®
XDP3050 admixtures where flowability improved with increase in disintegrant
concentration. Sodium starch glycolate had the most pronounced influence on the compact
tensile strength. Regardless of the carrier used, the increase in its concentration led to
decrease in tensile strength. Notable differences in the disintegration time were observed,
depending on the type of carrier and superdisintegrant. Compacts with Fujicalin®
disintegrated within the required time without the superdisintegrant addition. The shortest
disintegration time, for compacts with Syloid ® XDP3050 and Neusilin® US2, as well as the
highest tensile strength, for compacts with Syloid ® XDP3050, were achieved with
croscarmellose sodium.
AB  - Raspadanje tablete u kontaktu sa gastrointestinalnim tečnostima i posledično
povećanje površine dostupne za rastvaranje lekovite supstance jedan je od preduslova za
postizanje željene biološke raspoloživosti (1). Dodatak dezintegratora u tečno-čvrste
formulacije skraćuje vreme raspadanja, ali može uticati na protočna i mehanička svojstva
pripremljenih smeša, odnosno tableta (2). Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je ispitati uticaj vrste i
koncentracije tri tipa superdezintegratora na protočnost, zateznu čvrstinu i raspadljivost
tečno-čvrstih sistema pripremljenih upotrebom tri različita nosača. Smeše su pripremljene u
uređaju tipa fluidizirajućeg sistema. Syloid ® XDP3050, Neusilin® US2 i Fujicalin® su korišćeni
kao nosači, uz udeo tečne faze (makrogol 400) od 40,4%, 54,8% i 14,8%, redom, pri odnosu
nosača i sredstva za oblaganje (koloidni silicijum-dioksid) R=30. Udeo superdezintegratora
(kroskarmeloza-natrijum, krospovidon, natrijum-skrobglikolat) variran je u opsegu 2-5%.
Ispitana je protočnost, a nakon komprimovanja na ekscentar tablet mašini, kompaktima
određene zatezna čvrstina i raspadljivost. Najbolja protočnost primećena je kod smeša sa
Fujicalin®‐om. Dodatak superdezintegratora je snižavao protočnost, osim kod smeša sa
Syloid ® XDP3050 gde se povećanjem koncentracije superdezintegratora protočnost
poboljšavala. Najizraženiji uticaj na zateznu čvrstinu kompakata, bez obzira na vrstu nosača,
pokazao je natrijum-skrobglikolat. Povećanje udela ovog superdezintegratora dovelo je do
sniženja zatezne čvrstine kod ispitivanih kompakata. Uočene su znatne razlike u vremenu
raspadanja kompakata u zavisnosti od vrste nosača i superdezintegratora, a kompakti sa
Fujicalin®‐om su se raspadali za predviđeno vreme i bez dodatka superdezintegratora.
Kroskarmeloza-natrijum je superdezintegrator sa kojim je postignuto najkraće vreme
raspadanja tečno-čvrstih kompakata sa nosačima Syloid ® XDP3050 i Neusilin® US2, kao i
najveća zatezna čvrstina za kompakte sa Syloid ® XDP3050.
PB  - Savez farmaceutskih udruženja Srbije (SFUS)
C3  - Arhiv za farmaciju
T1  - An investigation into the influence of superdisintegrant type on properties of liquisolid systems with different carriers
T1  - Ispitivanje uticaja vrste superdezintegratora na svojstva tečno‐ čvrstih sistema sa različitim nosačima
VL  - 72
IS  - 4 suplement
SP  - S402
EP  - S403
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_farfar_4570
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Glišić, Teodora and Vasiljević, Ivana and Parojčić, Jelena and Aleksić, Ivana",
year = "2022",
abstract = "Tablet disintegration in gastrointestinal fluids and the resulting increase in surface
area available for drug dissolution is one of the preconditions for achieving acceptable
bioavailability (1). Disintegrant addition shortens the disintegration time, but it can also
affect flowability and mechanical properties of liquisolid systems (2). The aim of this study
was to examine the influence of superdisintegrant type and concentration on flowability,
tensile strength and disintegration time of liquisolid systems prepared using three different
carriers.
The admixtures were prepared in a fluid bed processor. Syloid ® XDP3050, Neusilin®
US2 and Fujicalin ® were used as carriers, with liquid phase (macrogol 400) content of
40.4%, 54.8% and 14.8%, respectively, and carrier to coating material (colloidal silicon
dioxide) ratio R=30. Superdisintegrant (croscarmellose sodium, crospovidone, sodium starch
glycolate) concentration ranged from 2 to 5%. Admixtures’ flowability and compacts’ tensile
strength and disintegration time were determined. Admixtures with Fujicalin® showed the
best flowability. Superdisintegrant addition decreased flowability, except for Syloid®
XDP3050 admixtures where flowability improved with increase in disintegrant
concentration. Sodium starch glycolate had the most pronounced influence on the compact
tensile strength. Regardless of the carrier used, the increase in its concentration led to
decrease in tensile strength. Notable differences in the disintegration time were observed,
depending on the type of carrier and superdisintegrant. Compacts with Fujicalin®
disintegrated within the required time without the superdisintegrant addition. The shortest
disintegration time, for compacts with Syloid ® XDP3050 and Neusilin® US2, as well as the
highest tensile strength, for compacts with Syloid ® XDP3050, were achieved with
croscarmellose sodium., Raspadanje tablete u kontaktu sa gastrointestinalnim tečnostima i posledično
povećanje površine dostupne za rastvaranje lekovite supstance jedan je od preduslova za
postizanje željene biološke raspoloživosti (1). Dodatak dezintegratora u tečno-čvrste
formulacije skraćuje vreme raspadanja, ali može uticati na protočna i mehanička svojstva
pripremljenih smeša, odnosno tableta (2). Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je ispitati uticaj vrste i
koncentracije tri tipa superdezintegratora na protočnost, zateznu čvrstinu i raspadljivost
tečno-čvrstih sistema pripremljenih upotrebom tri različita nosača. Smeše su pripremljene u
uređaju tipa fluidizirajućeg sistema. Syloid ® XDP3050, Neusilin® US2 i Fujicalin® su korišćeni
kao nosači, uz udeo tečne faze (makrogol 400) od 40,4%, 54,8% i 14,8%, redom, pri odnosu
nosača i sredstva za oblaganje (koloidni silicijum-dioksid) R=30. Udeo superdezintegratora
(kroskarmeloza-natrijum, krospovidon, natrijum-skrobglikolat) variran je u opsegu 2-5%.
Ispitana je protočnost, a nakon komprimovanja na ekscentar tablet mašini, kompaktima
određene zatezna čvrstina i raspadljivost. Najbolja protočnost primećena je kod smeša sa
Fujicalin®‐om. Dodatak superdezintegratora je snižavao protočnost, osim kod smeša sa
Syloid ® XDP3050 gde se povećanjem koncentracije superdezintegratora protočnost
poboljšavala. Najizraženiji uticaj na zateznu čvrstinu kompakata, bez obzira na vrstu nosača,
pokazao je natrijum-skrobglikolat. Povećanje udela ovog superdezintegratora dovelo je do
sniženja zatezne čvrstine kod ispitivanih kompakata. Uočene su znatne razlike u vremenu
raspadanja kompakata u zavisnosti od vrste nosača i superdezintegratora, a kompakti sa
Fujicalin®‐om su se raspadali za predviđeno vreme i bez dodatka superdezintegratora.
Kroskarmeloza-natrijum je superdezintegrator sa kojim je postignuto najkraće vreme
raspadanja tečno-čvrstih kompakata sa nosačima Syloid ® XDP3050 i Neusilin® US2, kao i
najveća zatezna čvrstina za kompakte sa Syloid ® XDP3050.",
publisher = "Savez farmaceutskih udruženja Srbije (SFUS)",
journal = "Arhiv za farmaciju",
title = "An investigation into the influence of superdisintegrant type on properties of liquisolid systems with different carriers, Ispitivanje uticaja vrste superdezintegratora na svojstva tečno‐ čvrstih sistema sa različitim nosačima",
volume = "72",
number = "4 suplement",
pages = "S402-S403",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_farfar_4570"
}

Glišić, T., Vasiljević, I., Parojčić, J.,& Aleksić, I.. (2022). An investigation into the influence of superdisintegrant type on properties of liquisolid systems with different carriers. in Arhiv za farmaciju
Savez farmaceutskih udruženja Srbije (SFUS)., 72(4 suplement), S402-S403.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_farfar_4570

Glišić T, Vasiljević I, Parojčić J, Aleksić I. An investigation into the influence of superdisintegrant type on properties of liquisolid systems with different carriers. in Arhiv za farmaciju. 2022;72(4 suplement):S402-S403.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_farfar_4570 .

Glišić, Teodora, Vasiljević, Ivana, Parojčić, Jelena, Aleksić, Ivana, "An investigation into the influence of superdisintegrant type on properties of liquisolid systems with different carriers" in Arhiv za farmaciju, 72, no. 4 suplement (2022):S402-S403,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_farfar_4570 .

TY  - CONF
AU  - Turković, Erna
AU  - Vasiljević, Ivana
AU  - Vasiljević, Dragana
AU  - Parojčić, Jelena
PY  - 2022
UR  - https://farfar.pharmacy.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/4575
AB  - Thin films are relatively new drug forms, which contain one or more active
substances, dispersed or adsorbed on a polymeric carrier (1). The aim of this work was to
evaluate the effects of the preparation and formulation factors on film critical quality
attributes. Films were prepared by solvent-casting and 3D printing of dispersion on a
Ultimaker 2+. Dispersion consisted of hydroxypropylcellulose with or without the addition
of sodium-alginate. Caffeine and ibuprofen were used as model drugs. The films were
characterized in terms of mass, thickness, moisture content (LJ16-Moisture Analizer) and
mechanical characteristics (EZ-LKS-Table-TopMachine). Obtained results indicate that 3D
films had higher mass and thickness compared to casted films, except for
hydroxypropylcellulose/sodium alginate/caffeine sample (37.6 and 59.0 mg/cm2 ; 526 and
642 μm). High content of dispersed substances can cause a change in polymer drying
behavior, which is reflected in film characteristics. Dissolving ibuprofen in the initial
dispersion, led to film increased elasticity and decreased tensile strength, negatively
affecting handling and stickiness of the films prepared by either method. Differences
between methods were most pronounced in films with dispersed caffeine or sodium-
alginate. Sodium-alginate generally decreased, and caffeine increased flexibility. The
preparation process did not affect the moisture content in samples, although the polymer
drying differed between two preparation methods. Increased moisture content was
generally accompanied by decreased flexibility, except for samples with ibuprofen. Obtained
results indicate significant effects of the formulation process and composition on the film
characteristics. Dissolved or dispersed substance content in formulation should be adapted
to the chosen preparation method.
AB  - Tanki oralni filmovi predstavljaju noviji farmaceutski oblik leka, koji sadrži jednu ili
više aktivnih supstanci dispergovanih ili adsorbovanih na polimernom nosaču (1). Cilj ovog
rada bio je ispitivanje uticaja postupka izrade i faktora formulacije na kritična svojstva
kvaliteta filmova. Filmovi su izrađivani izlivanjem disperzije u kalupe ili metodom 3D štampe
(Ultimaker 2+). Disperzija se sastojala od hidroksipropilceluloze, sa ili bez dodatka natrijum-
alginata. Model aktivne supstance bile su kofein i ibuprofen. Karakterizacija filmova
obuhvatila je određivanje mase, debljine, udela vlage (LJ16-MoistureAnalyzer) i mehaničkih
karakteristika (EZ-LX-Table-TopMachine). Dobijeni rezultati su pokazali da su 3D štampani
filmovi imali veću masu i debljinu u odnosu na izlivene filmove, osim u slučaju uzorka
hidroksipropilceluloza/natrijum-alginat/kofein (37,6 i 59,0 mg/cm 2; 526 i 642 μm). Visok
udeo dispergovanih supstanci u uzorku može uzrokovati promenu u ponašanju polimera
prilikom sušenja što se odražava na karakteristike filmova. Rastvaranje ibuprofena dovelo je
do povećanja elastičnosti i smanjenja zatezne čvrstine filmova u slučaju oba postupka izrade,
što je imalo negativan efekat na lakoću rukovanja i lepljivost. Postupak izrade imao je najveći
uticaj na karakteristike filmova sa natrijum-alginatom i filmova koji su sadržali kofein.
Natrijum-alginat je generalno smanjivao, a kofein povećavao fleksibilnost filmova. Postupak
izrade nije imao uticaj na udeo vlage, iako je sušenje filmova bilo značajno različito kod ova
dva postupka. Povećanje udela vlage uglavnom je pratilo smanjenje fleksibilnosti filmova,
osim kod uzoraka sa ibuprofenom. Dobijeni rezultati ukazuju na značajan uticaj postupka
izrade i sastava formulacije na karakteristike tankih filmova. Udeo rastvorenih ili
dispergovanih supstanci u formulaciji moraju biti prilagođeni odabranom postupku izrade.
PB  - Savez farmaceutskih udruženja Srbije (SFUS)
C3  - Arhiv za farmaciju
T1  - An investigation into the effects of preparation methods and composition on thin film critical quality attributes
T1  - Ispitivanje uticaja postupka izrade i faktora formulacije na kritična svojstva kvaliteta tankih oralnih filmova
VL  - 72
IS  - 4 suplement
SP  - S422
EP  - S423
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_farfar_4575
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Turković, Erna and Vasiljević, Ivana and Vasiljević, Dragana and Parojčić, Jelena",
year = "2022",
abstract = "Thin films are relatively new drug forms, which contain one or more active
substances, dispersed or adsorbed on a polymeric carrier (1). The aim of this work was to
evaluate the effects of the preparation and formulation factors on film critical quality
attributes. Films were prepared by solvent-casting and 3D printing of dispersion on a
Ultimaker 2+. Dispersion consisted of hydroxypropylcellulose with or without the addition
of sodium-alginate. Caffeine and ibuprofen were used as model drugs. The films were
characterized in terms of mass, thickness, moisture content (LJ16-Moisture Analizer) and
mechanical characteristics (EZ-LKS-Table-TopMachine). Obtained results indicate that 3D
films had higher mass and thickness compared to casted films, except for
hydroxypropylcellulose/sodium alginate/caffeine sample (37.6 and 59.0 mg/cm2 ; 526 and
642 μm). High content of dispersed substances can cause a change in polymer drying
behavior, which is reflected in film characteristics. Dissolving ibuprofen in the initial
dispersion, led to film increased elasticity and decreased tensile strength, negatively
affecting handling and stickiness of the films prepared by either method. Differences
between methods were most pronounced in films with dispersed caffeine or sodium-
alginate. Sodium-alginate generally decreased, and caffeine increased flexibility. The
preparation process did not affect the moisture content in samples, although the polymer
drying differed between two preparation methods. Increased moisture content was
generally accompanied by decreased flexibility, except for samples with ibuprofen. Obtained
results indicate significant effects of the formulation process and composition on the film
characteristics. Dissolved or dispersed substance content in formulation should be adapted
to the chosen preparation method., Tanki oralni filmovi predstavljaju noviji farmaceutski oblik leka, koji sadrži jednu ili
više aktivnih supstanci dispergovanih ili adsorbovanih na polimernom nosaču (1). Cilj ovog
rada bio je ispitivanje uticaja postupka izrade i faktora formulacije na kritična svojstva
kvaliteta filmova. Filmovi su izrađivani izlivanjem disperzije u kalupe ili metodom 3D štampe
(Ultimaker 2+). Disperzija se sastojala od hidroksipropilceluloze, sa ili bez dodatka natrijum-
alginata. Model aktivne supstance bile su kofein i ibuprofen. Karakterizacija filmova
obuhvatila je određivanje mase, debljine, udela vlage (LJ16-MoistureAnalyzer) i mehaničkih
karakteristika (EZ-LX-Table-TopMachine). Dobijeni rezultati su pokazali da su 3D štampani
filmovi imali veću masu i debljinu u odnosu na izlivene filmove, osim u slučaju uzorka
hidroksipropilceluloza/natrijum-alginat/kofein (37,6 i 59,0 mg/cm 2; 526 i 642 μm). Visok
udeo dispergovanih supstanci u uzorku može uzrokovati promenu u ponašanju polimera
prilikom sušenja što se odražava na karakteristike filmova. Rastvaranje ibuprofena dovelo je
do povećanja elastičnosti i smanjenja zatezne čvrstine filmova u slučaju oba postupka izrade,
što je imalo negativan efekat na lakoću rukovanja i lepljivost. Postupak izrade imao je najveći
uticaj na karakteristike filmova sa natrijum-alginatom i filmova koji su sadržali kofein.
Natrijum-alginat je generalno smanjivao, a kofein povećavao fleksibilnost filmova. Postupak
izrade nije imao uticaj na udeo vlage, iako je sušenje filmova bilo značajno različito kod ova
dva postupka. Povećanje udela vlage uglavnom je pratilo smanjenje fleksibilnosti filmova,
osim kod uzoraka sa ibuprofenom. Dobijeni rezultati ukazuju na značajan uticaj postupka
izrade i sastava formulacije na karakteristike tankih filmova. Udeo rastvorenih ili
dispergovanih supstanci u formulaciji moraju biti prilagođeni odabranom postupku izrade.",
publisher = "Savez farmaceutskih udruženja Srbije (SFUS)",
journal = "Arhiv za farmaciju",
title = "An investigation into the effects of preparation methods and composition on thin film critical quality attributes, Ispitivanje uticaja postupka izrade i faktora formulacije na kritična svojstva kvaliteta tankih oralnih filmova",
volume = "72",
number = "4 suplement",
pages = "S422-S423",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_farfar_4575"
}

Turković, E., Vasiljević, I., Vasiljević, D.,& Parojčić, J.. (2022). An investigation into the effects of preparation methods and composition on thin film critical quality attributes. in Arhiv za farmaciju
Savez farmaceutskih udruženja Srbije (SFUS)., 72(4 suplement), S422-S423.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_farfar_4575

Turković E, Vasiljević I, Vasiljević D, Parojčić J. An investigation into the effects of preparation methods and composition on thin film critical quality attributes. in Arhiv za farmaciju. 2022;72(4 suplement):S422-S423.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_farfar_4575 .

Turković, Erna, Vasiljević, Ivana, Vasiljević, Dragana, Parojčić, Jelena, "An investigation into the effects of preparation methods and composition on thin film critical quality attributes" in Arhiv za farmaciju, 72, no. 4 suplement (2022):S422-S423,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_farfar_4575 .

TY  - CONF
AU  - Vasiljević, Ivana
AU  - Turković, Erna
AU  - Parojčić, Jelena
AU  - Vasiljević, Dragana
PY  - 2022
UR  - https://farfar.pharmacy.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/4521
AB  - The estimated prevalence of swallowing problems and dysphagia is 22%, particularly
among pediatric and geriatric population. The drug administration for these individuals is
challenging and efforts are being made to enhance solid dosage forms swallowing. The aim of
this work was to characterize inulin-based puddings as potential vehicula for solid dosage
forms administration. Three marketed instant puddings were prepared according to
instructions provided by the manufacturer (mixing with the appropriate amount of cold
milk, without cooking) and characterized regarding pH value, rheological characteristics and
textural properties (hardness and adhesiveness). The investigated samples differed in terms
of inulin content, as gelling agent (3.3-8%), and aroma (vanilla, chocolate, coco). Generally,
samples exhibited comparable characteristics. pH values of prepared puddings ranged from
6.57 to 6.90. Apparent viscosity values, measured at 50 s -1 , were 4850-16800 mPas,
indicating that puddings belong to class 4 (extremely thick drinks), according to
International Dysphagia Diet Standardization Initiative Framework (1), suitable for patients
suffering from advanced dysphagia. Samples’ hardness values ranged from 54.6 mN (coco
pudding) to 63.9 mN (chocolate pudding), whereas adhesiveness ranged from 30.26 gs (coco
pudding) to 40.64 gs (chocolate pudding), indicating the soft structure and swallowing
suitability, without the need for intense chewing (2). The investigated puddings exhibited
suitable characteristics in terms of viscosity and textural properties for patients with
advanced dysphagia and represent promising approach as vehicula for solid dosage forms
administration in the case of this population.
AB  - Procenjuje se da oko 22% stanovništva ima probleme sa gutanjem i disfagijom, pri
čemu je problem naročito izražen u pedijatrijskoj i gerijatrijskoj populaciji. Primena lekova
kod ovih osoba je otežana i potrebno je razviti odgovarajuće pristupe koji olakšavaju gutanje
čvrstih farmaceutskih oblika. Cilj ovog rada bio je karakterizacija komercijalno dostupnih
instant pudinga, kao potencijalnih vehikuluma za primenu čvrstih farmaceutskih oblika
lekova. Tri komercijalno dostupna instant pudinga su pripremljena prema uputstvu
proizvođača (mešanje sa propisanom zapreminom hladnog mleka, bez kuvanja) i
okarakterisana u pogledu pH vrednosti, reoloških karakteristika i teksture (čvrstina i
adhezivnost). Sastav ispitivanih uzoraka se razlikovao u pogledu udela inulina kao sredstva
za geliranje (3,3-8%) i arome (vanila, čokolada, kokos). Generalno, svojstva ispitivanih
proizvoda bila su uporediva. pH vrednost pripremljenih pudinga bila je 6,57-6,90. Svi uzorci
pokazali su tiksotropno ponašanje. Vrednosti prividnog viskoziteta, izmerene na 50 s -1 , bile
su 4850-16800 mPas, ukazujući da pudinzi spadaju u klasu 4 (veoma guste tečnosti) prema
Smernicama Inicijative za međunarodnu standardizaciju ishrane u disfagiji (1) i da su pogodni
za pacijente sa uznapredovalom disfagijom. Čvrstina uzoraka bila je u rasponu od 54,6 mN
(puding od kokosa) do 63,9 mN (puding od čokolade), a adhezivnost od 30,26 gs (puding od
kokosa) do 40,64 gs (puding od čokolade), ukazujući na meku strukturu i pogodnost za
gutanje bez intenzivnog žvakanja (2). Ispitivani pudinzi pokazali su pogodni viskozitet i
teksturu za primenu kod pacijenata sa uznapredovalom disfagijom i predstavljaju
obećavajući pristup za primenu čvrstih farmaceutskih oblika kod ove populacije.
PB  - Savez farmaceutskih udruženja Srbije (SFUS)
C3  - Arhiv za farmaciju
T1  - An investigation into instant puddings as potential vehicula for drug administration in patients with dysphagia
T1  - Ispitivanje instant pudinga kao potencijalnih vehikuluma za primenu lekova kod pacijenata sa disfagijom
VL  - 72
IS  - 4 suplement
SP  - S237
EP  - S238
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_farfar_4521
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Vasiljević, Ivana and Turković, Erna and Parojčić, Jelena and Vasiljević, Dragana",
year = "2022",
abstract = "The estimated prevalence of swallowing problems and dysphagia is 22%, particularly
among pediatric and geriatric population. The drug administration for these individuals is
challenging and efforts are being made to enhance solid dosage forms swallowing. The aim of
this work was to characterize inulin-based puddings as potential vehicula for solid dosage
forms administration. Three marketed instant puddings were prepared according to
instructions provided by the manufacturer (mixing with the appropriate amount of cold
milk, without cooking) and characterized regarding pH value, rheological characteristics and
textural properties (hardness and adhesiveness). The investigated samples differed in terms
of inulin content, as gelling agent (3.3-8%), and aroma (vanilla, chocolate, coco). Generally,
samples exhibited comparable characteristics. pH values of prepared puddings ranged from
6.57 to 6.90. Apparent viscosity values, measured at 50 s -1 , were 4850-16800 mPas,
indicating that puddings belong to class 4 (extremely thick drinks), according to
International Dysphagia Diet Standardization Initiative Framework (1), suitable for patients
suffering from advanced dysphagia. Samples’ hardness values ranged from 54.6 mN (coco
pudding) to 63.9 mN (chocolate pudding), whereas adhesiveness ranged from 30.26 gs (coco
pudding) to 40.64 gs (chocolate pudding), indicating the soft structure and swallowing
suitability, without the need for intense chewing (2). The investigated puddings exhibited
suitable characteristics in terms of viscosity and textural properties for patients with
advanced dysphagia and represent promising approach as vehicula for solid dosage forms
administration in the case of this population., Procenjuje se da oko 22% stanovništva ima probleme sa gutanjem i disfagijom, pri
čemu je problem naročito izražen u pedijatrijskoj i gerijatrijskoj populaciji. Primena lekova
kod ovih osoba je otežana i potrebno je razviti odgovarajuće pristupe koji olakšavaju gutanje
čvrstih farmaceutskih oblika. Cilj ovog rada bio je karakterizacija komercijalno dostupnih
instant pudinga, kao potencijalnih vehikuluma za primenu čvrstih farmaceutskih oblika
lekova. Tri komercijalno dostupna instant pudinga su pripremljena prema uputstvu
proizvođača (mešanje sa propisanom zapreminom hladnog mleka, bez kuvanja) i
okarakterisana u pogledu pH vrednosti, reoloških karakteristika i teksture (čvrstina i
adhezivnost). Sastav ispitivanih uzoraka se razlikovao u pogledu udela inulina kao sredstva
za geliranje (3,3-8%) i arome (vanila, čokolada, kokos). Generalno, svojstva ispitivanih
proizvoda bila su uporediva. pH vrednost pripremljenih pudinga bila je 6,57-6,90. Svi uzorci
pokazali su tiksotropno ponašanje. Vrednosti prividnog viskoziteta, izmerene na 50 s -1 , bile
su 4850-16800 mPas, ukazujući da pudinzi spadaju u klasu 4 (veoma guste tečnosti) prema
Smernicama Inicijative za međunarodnu standardizaciju ishrane u disfagiji (1) i da su pogodni
za pacijente sa uznapredovalom disfagijom. Čvrstina uzoraka bila je u rasponu od 54,6 mN
(puding od kokosa) do 63,9 mN (puding od čokolade), a adhezivnost od 30,26 gs (puding od
kokosa) do 40,64 gs (puding od čokolade), ukazujući na meku strukturu i pogodnost za
gutanje bez intenzivnog žvakanja (2). Ispitivani pudinzi pokazali su pogodni viskozitet i
teksturu za primenu kod pacijenata sa uznapredovalom disfagijom i predstavljaju
obećavajući pristup za primenu čvrstih farmaceutskih oblika kod ove populacije.",
publisher = "Savez farmaceutskih udruženja Srbije (SFUS)",
journal = "Arhiv za farmaciju",
title = "An investigation into instant puddings as potential vehicula for drug administration in patients with dysphagia, Ispitivanje instant pudinga kao potencijalnih vehikuluma za primenu lekova kod pacijenata sa disfagijom",
volume = "72",
number = "4 suplement",
pages = "S237-S238",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_farfar_4521"
}

Vasiljević, I., Turković, E., Parojčić, J.,& Vasiljević, D.. (2022). An investigation into instant puddings as potential vehicula for drug administration in patients with dysphagia. in Arhiv za farmaciju
Savez farmaceutskih udruženja Srbije (SFUS)., 72(4 suplement), S237-S238.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_farfar_4521

Vasiljević I, Turković E, Parojčić J, Vasiljević D. An investigation into instant puddings as potential vehicula for drug administration in patients with dysphagia. in Arhiv za farmaciju. 2022;72(4 suplement):S237-S238.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_farfar_4521 .

Vasiljević, Ivana, Turković, Erna, Parojčić, Jelena, Vasiljević, Dragana, "An investigation into instant puddings as potential vehicula for drug administration in patients with dysphagia" in Arhiv za farmaciju, 72, no. 4 suplement (2022):S237-S238,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_farfar_4521 .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Turković, Erna
AU  - Vasiljević, Ivana
AU  - Drašković, Milica
AU  - Parojčić, Jelena
PY  - 2022
UR  - https://farfar.pharmacy.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/4336
AB  - Orodispersible films (ODFs) have recently emerged as innovative dosage form which provides distinct advantages in the patient centric pharmaceutical drug product design due to inherent dosing flexibility and improved patient acceptability. Although their potential advantages in pharmacotherapy are well recognized, there is still a lot of research work to be done in order to explore and understand complex relationships among different formulation factors, film mechanical properties, and their bioperformance. Lack of standardized characterization methods and relevant specifications pose additional limitation for their wider application. In the present study, in-depth review of the available body of data published on ODF development and characterization was performed. In total, 112 papers published between November 2008 and April 2022 were taken into consideration for dataset building. Data collected have been critically evaluated and compiled into the representative dataset formed around three domains, namely: (A) Manufacturing method and composition; (B) ODF characteristics; and (C) ODF sensory attributes. Based on the investigated dataset, an attempt was made to identify the acceptable range of Critical Quality Attributes (CQA) values and propose ODF specific Quality Targeted Product Profile (QTPP) as a foundation which should guide and facilitate pharmaceutical development.
PB  - Elsevier B.V.
T2  - Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology
T1  - Orodispersible films — Pharmaceutical development for improved performance: A review
VL  - 75
DO  - 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103708
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Turković, Erna and Vasiljević, Ivana and Drašković, Milica and Parojčić, Jelena",
year = "2022",
abstract = "Orodispersible films (ODFs) have recently emerged as innovative dosage form which provides distinct advantages in the patient centric pharmaceutical drug product design due to inherent dosing flexibility and improved patient acceptability. Although their potential advantages in pharmacotherapy are well recognized, there is still a lot of research work to be done in order to explore and understand complex relationships among different formulation factors, film mechanical properties, and their bioperformance. Lack of standardized characterization methods and relevant specifications pose additional limitation for their wider application. In the present study, in-depth review of the available body of data published on ODF development and characterization was performed. In total, 112 papers published between November 2008 and April 2022 were taken into consideration for dataset building. Data collected have been critically evaluated and compiled into the representative dataset formed around three domains, namely: (A) Manufacturing method and composition; (B) ODF characteristics; and (C) ODF sensory attributes. Based on the investigated dataset, an attempt was made to identify the acceptable range of Critical Quality Attributes (CQA) values and propose ODF specific Quality Targeted Product Profile (QTPP) as a foundation which should guide and facilitate pharmaceutical development.",
publisher = "Elsevier B.V.",
journal = "Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology",
title = "Orodispersible films — Pharmaceutical development for improved performance: A review",
volume = "75",
doi = "10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103708"
}

Turković, E., Vasiljević, I., Drašković, M.,& Parojčić, J.. (2022). Orodispersible films — Pharmaceutical development for improved performance: A review. in Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology
Elsevier B.V.., 75.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103708

Turković E, Vasiljević I, Drašković M, Parojčić J. Orodispersible films — Pharmaceutical development for improved performance: A review. in Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology. 2022;75.
doi:10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103708 .

Turković, Erna, Vasiljević, Ivana, Drašković, Milica, Parojčić, Jelena, "Orodispersible films — Pharmaceutical development for improved performance: A review" in Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology, 75 (2022),
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103708 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kovačević, Nada
AU  - Miljković, Branislava
AU  - Parojčić, Jelena
PY  - 2021
UR  - https://farfar.pharmacy.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/4057
AB  - From the idea of a pharmaceutical product, through the development of materials and technologies for their production, analysis, and control, application in different patient populations, to the proper disposal and destroying of pharmaceutical waste, everything is connected and has an impact on the soil, water, and air, as well as to all living beings on this planet. Intending to invite the colleagues to consider how their pharmacy practice, science, and education can impact nature and global environmental trends, Pharmaceutical Association of Serbia has organized the 2nd SFUS scientific symposium, entitled Pharmacy and the Nature - Complex Relations and Mutual Impacts on 28th October 2021, in the conference center of the Science and Technology Park Belgrade, with the presence of more than 60 participants. Within the Symposium, the introductory lecture was held by Prof. Dr. Nada Kovačević, along with eight invited lectures, three oral presentations, and thirty-two poster presentations.
AB  - Od ideje za farmaceutski proizvod, preko razvoja materijala i tehnologija za njihovu proizvodnju, analizu i kontrolu, primene kod različitih populacija pacijenata, do pravilnog odlaganja i uništavanja iskorišćenog i neiskorišćenog materijala i proizvoda, sve je povezano i ima uticaj na zemlju, vodu i vazduh, kao i na sva živa bića na ovoj planeti. Sa ciljem da se bolje razmotri na koji način aktivnosti u okviru farmaceutske struke, nauke i obrazovanja mogu da utiču na prirodu i glabalna ekološka kretanja, održan je 2. naučni simpozijum pod naslovom Farmacija i priroda – kompleksne relacije i međusobni uticaji. Simpozijum je organizovao Savez farmaceutskih udruženja Srbije i održan je 28. oktobra 2021. godine u konferencijskom centru Naučno-tehnološkog parka Beograd, uz prisutvo više od 60 učesnika. U okviru Simpozijuma je održano jedno uvodno predavanje, osam predavanja po pozivu, tri usmena saopštenja i prikazane su trideset i dve poster prezentacije.
PB  - Association of the Chemical Engineers of Serbia
T2  - Hemijska industrija
T1  - 2nd SFUS scientific symposium Pharmacy and the Nature-Complex Relations and Mutual Impacts
T1  - Drugi naučni simpozijum Saveza farmaceutskih udruženja Srbije: Farmacija i priroda - kompleksne relacije i međusobni uticaji
VL  - 75
IS  - 6
SP  - 373
EP  - 377
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_farfar_4057
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Kovačević, Nada and Miljković, Branislava and Parojčić, Jelena",
year = "2021",
abstract = "From the idea of a pharmaceutical product, through the development of materials and technologies for their production, analysis, and control, application in different patient populations, to the proper disposal and destroying of pharmaceutical waste, everything is connected and has an impact on the soil, water, and air, as well as to all living beings on this planet. Intending to invite the colleagues to consider how their pharmacy practice, science, and education can impact nature and global environmental trends, Pharmaceutical Association of Serbia has organized the 2nd SFUS scientific symposium, entitled Pharmacy and the Nature - Complex Relations and Mutual Impacts on 28th October 2021, in the conference center of the Science and Technology Park Belgrade, with the presence of more than 60 participants. Within the Symposium, the introductory lecture was held by Prof. Dr. Nada Kovačević, along with eight invited lectures, three oral presentations, and thirty-two poster presentations., Od ideje za farmaceutski proizvod, preko razvoja materijala i tehnologija za njihovu proizvodnju, analizu i kontrolu, primene kod različitih populacija pacijenata, do pravilnog odlaganja i uništavanja iskorišćenog i neiskorišćenog materijala i proizvoda, sve je povezano i ima uticaj na zemlju, vodu i vazduh, kao i na sva živa bića na ovoj planeti. Sa ciljem da se bolje razmotri na koji način aktivnosti u okviru farmaceutske struke, nauke i obrazovanja mogu da utiču na prirodu i glabalna ekološka kretanja, održan je 2. naučni simpozijum pod naslovom Farmacija i priroda – kompleksne relacije i međusobni uticaji. Simpozijum je organizovao Savez farmaceutskih udruženja Srbije i održan je 28. oktobra 2021. godine u konferencijskom centru Naučno-tehnološkog parka Beograd, uz prisutvo više od 60 učesnika. U okviru Simpozijuma je održano jedno uvodno predavanje, osam predavanja po pozivu, tri usmena saopštenja i prikazane su trideset i dve poster prezentacije.",
publisher = "Association of the Chemical Engineers of Serbia",
journal = "Hemijska industrija",
title = "2nd SFUS scientific symposium Pharmacy and the Nature-Complex Relations and Mutual Impacts, Drugi naučni simpozijum Saveza farmaceutskih udruženja Srbije: Farmacija i priroda - kompleksne relacije i međusobni uticaji",
volume = "75",
number = "6",
pages = "373-377",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_farfar_4057"
}

Kovačević, N., Miljković, B.,& Parojčić, J.. (2021). 2nd SFUS scientific symposium Pharmacy and the Nature-Complex Relations and Mutual Impacts. in Hemijska industrija
Association of the Chemical Engineers of Serbia., 75(6), 373-377.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_farfar_4057

Kovačević N, Miljković B, Parojčić J. 2nd SFUS scientific symposium Pharmacy and the Nature-Complex Relations and Mutual Impacts. in Hemijska industrija. 2021;75(6):373-377.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_farfar_4057 .

Kovačević, Nada, Miljković, Branislava, Parojčić, Jelena, "2nd SFUS scientific symposium Pharmacy and the Nature-Complex Relations and Mutual Impacts" in Hemijska industrija, 75, no. 6 (2021):373-377,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_farfar_4057 .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cvijić, Sandra
AU  - Ignjatović, Jelisaveta
AU  - Parojčić, Jelena
AU  - Ibrić, Svetlana
PY  - 2021
UR  - https://farfar.pharmacy.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/3959
AB  - Computer-based (in silico) modeling & simulation tools have been embraced in different
fields of pharmaceutics for a variety of applications. Among these, physiologically-based
pharmacokinetic/biopharmaceutics modeling (PBPK/PBBM) emerged as a particularly useful
tool in formulation development. PBPK/PBBM facilitated strategies have been increasingly
evaluated over the past few years, as demonstrated by several reports from the pharmaceutical
industry, and a number of research and review papers on this subject. Also, the leading regulatory
authorities have recently issued guidance on the use of PBPK modeling in formulation design. In
silico PBPK models can comprise different dosing routes (oral, intraoral, parenteral, inhalation,
ocular, dermal etc.), although the majority of published examples refer to modeling of oral drugs
performance. In order to facilitate the use of PBPK modeling tools, a couple of companies have
launched commercially available software such as GastroPlus™, Simcyp™ PBPK Simulator and
PK-Sim®. This paper highlights various application fields of PBPK/PBBM modeling, along with
the basic principles, advantages and limitations of this approach, and provides relevant examples
to demonstrate the practical utility of modeling & simulation tools in different stages of
formulation development.
AB  - Računarski podržano (in silico) modelovanje se danas koristi u različitim oblastima farmaceutskih nauka, sa širokom paletom primene. Kao jedan od in silico alata, fiziološki zasnovano farmakokinetičko/biofarmaceutsko modelovanje (PBPK/PBBM) se pokazalo posebno korisnim u razvoju farmaceutskih preparata. Strategije zasnovane na PBPK/PBBM modelovanju se poslednjih godina sve više razmatraju, što se vidi iz izveštaja farmaceutskih kompanija i velikog broja publikovanih istraživačkih i revijalnih radova na ovu temu. Takođe, vodeće regulatorne agencije su nedavno izdale vodiče koji se odnose na primenu PBPK modelovanja u razvoju farmaceutskih preparata. In silico PBPK modelovanje je primenjivo za različite puteve primene leka (peroralni, (intra)oralni, parenteralni, inhalacioni, okularni, dermalni itd), mada se najveći broj primera iz literature odnosi na modelovanje bioperformansi peroralno primenjenih lekova. Kako bi olakšale primenu PBPK modelovanja, nekoliko kompanija je razvilo komercijalno dostupne programske pakete, kao što su GastroPlus™, Simcyp™ PBPK Simulator i PK-Sim®. U ovom radu su istaknute različite mogućnosti primene PBPK/PBBM modelovanja, uključujući osnovne principe, prednosti i ograničenja. Takođe, prikazani su odgovarajući primeri koji opisuju praktičnu primenu modelovanja i simulacija u različitim fazama razvoja leka.
PB  - Beograd : Savez farmaceutskih udruženja Srbije
T2  - Arhiv za farmaciju
T1  - The emerging role of physiologically-based pharmacokinetic/biopharmaceutics modeling in formulation development
T1  - Uloga fiziološki-zasnovanog farmakokinetičkog/biofarmaceutskog modelovanja u razvoju farmaceutskih preparata
VL  - 71
IS  - 4
SP  - 318
EP  - 335
DO  - 10.5937/arhfarm71-32479
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Cvijić, Sandra and Ignjatović, Jelisaveta and Parojčić, Jelena and Ibrić, Svetlana",
year = "2021",
abstract = "Computer-based (in silico) modeling & simulation tools have been embraced in different
fields of pharmaceutics for a variety of applications. Among these, physiologically-based
pharmacokinetic/biopharmaceutics modeling (PBPK/PBBM) emerged as a particularly useful
tool in formulation development. PBPK/PBBM facilitated strategies have been increasingly
evaluated over the past few years, as demonstrated by several reports from the pharmaceutical
industry, and a number of research and review papers on this subject. Also, the leading regulatory
authorities have recently issued guidance on the use of PBPK modeling in formulation design. In
silico PBPK models can comprise different dosing routes (oral, intraoral, parenteral, inhalation,
ocular, dermal etc.), although the majority of published examples refer to modeling of oral drugs
performance. In order to facilitate the use of PBPK modeling tools, a couple of companies have
launched commercially available software such as GastroPlus™, Simcyp™ PBPK Simulator and
PK-Sim®. This paper highlights various application fields of PBPK/PBBM modeling, along with
the basic principles, advantages and limitations of this approach, and provides relevant examples
to demonstrate the practical utility of modeling & simulation tools in different stages of
formulation development., Računarski podržano (in silico) modelovanje se danas koristi u različitim oblastima farmaceutskih nauka, sa širokom paletom primene. Kao jedan od in silico alata, fiziološki zasnovano farmakokinetičko/biofarmaceutsko modelovanje (PBPK/PBBM) se pokazalo posebno korisnim u razvoju farmaceutskih preparata. Strategije zasnovane na PBPK/PBBM modelovanju se poslednjih godina sve više razmatraju, što se vidi iz izveštaja farmaceutskih kompanija i velikog broja publikovanih istraživačkih i revijalnih radova na ovu temu. Takođe, vodeće regulatorne agencije su nedavno izdale vodiče koji se odnose na primenu PBPK modelovanja u razvoju farmaceutskih preparata. In silico PBPK modelovanje je primenjivo za različite puteve primene leka (peroralni, (intra)oralni, parenteralni, inhalacioni, okularni, dermalni itd), mada se najveći broj primera iz literature odnosi na modelovanje bioperformansi peroralno primenjenih lekova. Kako bi olakšale primenu PBPK modelovanja, nekoliko kompanija je razvilo komercijalno dostupne programske pakete, kao što su GastroPlus™, Simcyp™ PBPK Simulator i PK-Sim®. U ovom radu su istaknute različite mogućnosti primene PBPK/PBBM modelovanja, uključujući osnovne principe, prednosti i ograničenja. Takođe, prikazani su odgovarajući primeri koji opisuju praktičnu primenu modelovanja i simulacija u različitim fazama razvoja leka.",
publisher = "Beograd : Savez farmaceutskih udruženja Srbije",
journal = "Arhiv za farmaciju",
title = "The emerging role of physiologically-based pharmacokinetic/biopharmaceutics modeling in formulation development, Uloga fiziološki-zasnovanog farmakokinetičkog/biofarmaceutskog modelovanja u razvoju farmaceutskih preparata",
volume = "71",
number = "4",
pages = "318-335",
doi = "10.5937/arhfarm71-32479"
}

Cvijić, S., Ignjatović, J., Parojčić, J.,& Ibrić, S.. (2021). The emerging role of physiologically-based pharmacokinetic/biopharmaceutics modeling in formulation development. in Arhiv za farmaciju
Beograd : Savez farmaceutskih udruženja Srbije., 71(4), 318-335.
https://doi.org/10.5937/arhfarm71-32479

Cvijić S, Ignjatović J, Parojčić J, Ibrić S. The emerging role of physiologically-based pharmacokinetic/biopharmaceutics modeling in formulation development. in Arhiv za farmaciju. 2021;71(4):318-335.
doi:10.5937/arhfarm71-32479 .

Cvijić, Sandra, Ignjatović, Jelisaveta, Parojčić, Jelena, Ibrić, Svetlana, "The emerging role of physiologically-based pharmacokinetic/biopharmaceutics modeling in formulation development" in Arhiv za farmaciju, 71, no. 4 (2021):318-335,
https://doi.org/10.5937/arhfarm71-32479 . .

TY  - CONF
AU  - Elezović, Amar
AU  - Cvijić, Sandra
AU  - Elezović, Alisa
AU  - Pilipović, Saša
AU  - Parojčić, Jelena
PY  - 2021
UR  - https://farfar.pharmacy.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/3933
AB  - In last two decades in silico biopharmaceutics modelling has become increasingly important in all stages of drug development. One of the widely used pharmacokinetic modelling software is Gastro Plus that, with its additional dosage routes modules, enables creation of pharmacokinetic models, amongst others, for pulmonary dosage route. Medicines that are applied via that route have specific methods for characterization and analysis. However, drug that is target of in silico method in Gastro Plus is not characterized in full extent with such parameters. In this work we created various models of size distributions and depositions of two pMDI preparations containing beclomethasone dipropionate in 4 respiratory compartments of Gastro Plus Pulmonary model. Those data were compared with results of in vivo studies and model with best correlation was obtained. Such model with defined cut-off limits between each compartment enables better prediction of pharmacokinetic properties in generated Gastro Plus in silico model.
PB  - Springer, Cham
C3  - Proceedings of the International Conference on Medical and Biological Engineering 2021 (Cmbebih 2021
T1  - Particle Deposition in Respiratory Tract: Where are the Limits?
VL  - 84
SP  - 638
EP  - 644
DO  - 10.1007/978-3-030-73909-6_74
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Elezović, Amar and Cvijić, Sandra and Elezović, Alisa and Pilipović, Saša and Parojčić, Jelena",
year = "2021",
abstract = "In last two decades in silico biopharmaceutics modelling has become increasingly important in all stages of drug development. One of the widely used pharmacokinetic modelling software is Gastro Plus that, with its additional dosage routes modules, enables creation of pharmacokinetic models, amongst others, for pulmonary dosage route. Medicines that are applied via that route have specific methods for characterization and analysis. However, drug that is target of in silico method in Gastro Plus is not characterized in full extent with such parameters. In this work we created various models of size distributions and depositions of two pMDI preparations containing beclomethasone dipropionate in 4 respiratory compartments of Gastro Plus Pulmonary model. Those data were compared with results of in vivo studies and model with best correlation was obtained. Such model with defined cut-off limits between each compartment enables better prediction of pharmacokinetic properties in generated Gastro Plus in silico model.",
publisher = "Springer, Cham",
journal = "Proceedings of the International Conference on Medical and Biological Engineering 2021 (Cmbebih 2021",
title = "Particle Deposition in Respiratory Tract: Where are the Limits?",
volume = "84",
pages = "638-644",
doi = "10.1007/978-3-030-73909-6_74"
}

Elezović, A., Cvijić, S., Elezović, A., Pilipović, S.,& Parojčić, J.. (2021). Particle Deposition in Respiratory Tract: Where are the Limits?. in Proceedings of the International Conference on Medical and Biological Engineering 2021 (Cmbebih 2021
Springer, Cham., 84, 638-644.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-73909-6_74

Elezović A, Cvijić S, Elezović A, Pilipović S, Parojčić J. Particle Deposition in Respiratory Tract: Where are the Limits?. in Proceedings of the International Conference on Medical and Biological Engineering 2021 (Cmbebih 2021. 2021;84:638-644.
doi:10.1007/978-3-030-73909-6_74 .

Elezović, Amar, Cvijić, Sandra, Elezović, Alisa, Pilipović, Saša, Parojčić, Jelena, "Particle Deposition in Respiratory Tract: Where are the Limits?" in Proceedings of the International Conference on Medical and Biological Engineering 2021 (Cmbebih 2021, 84 (2021):638-644,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-73909-6_74 . .