Rupar, Jelena

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orcid::0000-0001-5451-8516
  • Rupar, Jelena (11)
Projects

Author's Bibliography

Can Zeolite-Supporting Acridines Boost Their Anticancer Performance?

Ranković, Maja; Jevremović, Anka; Janošević-Ležaić, Aleksandra; Arsenijević, Aleksandar; Rupar, Jelena; Dobričić, Vladimir; Nedić Vasiljević, Bojana; Gavrilov, Nemanja; Bajuk-Bogdanović, Danica; Milojević-Rakić, Maja

(MDPI, 2023)

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ranković, Maja
AU  - Jevremović, Anka
AU  - Janošević-Ležaić, Aleksandra
AU  - Arsenijević, Aleksandar
AU  - Rupar, Jelena
AU  - Dobričić, Vladimir
AU  - Nedić Vasiljević, Bojana
AU  - Gavrilov, Nemanja
AU  - Bajuk-Bogdanović, Danica
AU  - Milojević-Rakić, Maja
PY  - 2023
UR  - https://farfar.pharmacy.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/4649
AB  - Acridine and its derivatives (9-chloroacridine and 9-aminoacridine) are investigated here, supported on FAU type zeolite Y, as a delivery system of anticancer agents. FTIR/Raman spectroscopy and electron microscopy revealed successful drug loading on the zeolite surface, while spectrofluorimetry was employed for drug quantification. The effects of the tested compounds on cell viability were evaluated using in vitro methylthiazol-tetrazolium (MTT) colorimetric technique against human colorectal carcinoma (cell line HCT-116) and MRC-5 fibroblasts. Zeolite structure remained unchanged during homogeneous drug impregnation with achieved drug loadings in the 18–21 mg/g range. The highest drug release, in the µM concentration range, with favourable kinetics was established for zeolite-supported 9-aminoacridine. The acridine delivery via zeolite carrier is viewed in terms of solvation energy and zeolite adsorption sites. The cytotoxic effect of supported acridines on HCT-116 cells reveals that the zeolite carrier improves toxicity, while the highest efficiency is displayed by zeolite-impregnated 9-aminoacridine. The 9-aminoacridine delivery via zeolite carrier favours healthy tissue preservation while accompanying increased toxicity toward cancer cells. Cytotoxicity results are well correlated with theoretical modelling and release study, providing promising results for applicative purposes.
PB  - MDPI
T2  - Journal of Functional Biomaterials
T1  - Can Zeolite-Supporting Acridines Boost Their Anticancer Performance?
VL  - 14
IS  - 3
DO  - 10.3390/jfb14030173
ER  - 
@article{
author = "Ranković, Maja and Jevremović, Anka and Janošević-Ležaić, Aleksandra and Arsenijević, Aleksandar and Rupar, Jelena and Dobričić, Vladimir and Nedić Vasiljević, Bojana and Gavrilov, Nemanja and Bajuk-Bogdanović, Danica and Milojević-Rakić, Maja",
year = "2023",
abstract = "Acridine and its derivatives (9-chloroacridine and 9-aminoacridine) are investigated here, supported on FAU type zeolite Y, as a delivery system of anticancer agents. FTIR/Raman spectroscopy and electron microscopy revealed successful drug loading on the zeolite surface, while spectrofluorimetry was employed for drug quantification. The effects of the tested compounds on cell viability were evaluated using in vitro methylthiazol-tetrazolium (MTT) colorimetric technique against human colorectal carcinoma (cell line HCT-116) and MRC-5 fibroblasts. Zeolite structure remained unchanged during homogeneous drug impregnation with achieved drug loadings in the 18–21 mg/g range. The highest drug release, in the µM concentration range, with favourable kinetics was established for zeolite-supported 9-aminoacridine. The acridine delivery via zeolite carrier is viewed in terms of solvation energy and zeolite adsorption sites. The cytotoxic effect of supported acridines on HCT-116 cells reveals that the zeolite carrier improves toxicity, while the highest efficiency is displayed by zeolite-impregnated 9-aminoacridine. The 9-aminoacridine delivery via zeolite carrier favours healthy tissue preservation while accompanying increased toxicity toward cancer cells. Cytotoxicity results are well correlated with theoretical modelling and release study, providing promising results for applicative purposes.",
publisher = "MDPI",
journal = "Journal of Functional Biomaterials",
title = "Can Zeolite-Supporting Acridines Boost Their Anticancer Performance?",
volume = "14",
number = "3",
doi = "10.3390/jfb14030173"
}
Ranković, M., Jevremović, A., Janošević-Ležaić, A., Arsenijević, A., Rupar, J., Dobričić, V., Nedić Vasiljević, B., Gavrilov, N., Bajuk-Bogdanović, D.,& Milojević-Rakić, M.. (2023). Can Zeolite-Supporting Acridines Boost Their Anticancer Performance?. in Journal of Functional Biomaterials
MDPI., 14(3).
https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb14030173
Ranković M, Jevremović A, Janošević-Ležaić A, Arsenijević A, Rupar J, Dobričić V, Nedić Vasiljević B, Gavrilov N, Bajuk-Bogdanović D, Milojević-Rakić M. Can Zeolite-Supporting Acridines Boost Their Anticancer Performance?. in Journal of Functional Biomaterials. 2023;14(3).
doi:10.3390/jfb14030173 .
Ranković, Maja, Jevremović, Anka, Janošević-Ležaić, Aleksandra, Arsenijević, Aleksandar, Rupar, Jelena, Dobričić, Vladimir, Nedić Vasiljević, Bojana, Gavrilov, Nemanja, Bajuk-Bogdanović, Danica, Milojević-Rakić, Maja, "Can Zeolite-Supporting Acridines Boost Their Anticancer Performance?" in Journal of Functional Biomaterials, 14, no. 3 (2023),
https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb14030173 . .
2
1
1

Electrochemical Characterisation and Confirmation of Antioxidative Properties of Ivermectin in Biological Medium

Selaković, Milan; Aleksić, Mara; Kotur-Stevuljević, Jelena; Rupar, Jelena; Ivković, Branka

(MDPI, 2023)

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Selaković, Milan
AU  - Aleksić, Mara
AU  - Kotur-Stevuljević, Jelena
AU  - Rupar, Jelena
AU  - Ivković, Branka
PY  - 2023
UR  - https://farfar.pharmacy.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/4550
AB  - Ivermectin (IVM) is a drug from the group of anthelmintics used in veterinary and human medicine. Recently, interest in IVM has increased as it has been used for the treatment of some malignant diseases, as well as viral infections caused by the Zika virus, HIV-1 and SARS-CoV-2. The electrochemical behaviour of IVM was investigated using cyclic (CV), differential pulse (DPV) and square wave voltammetry (SWV) at glassy carbon electrode (GCE). IVM showed independent oxidation and reduction processes. The effect of pH and scan rate indicated the irreversibility of all processes and confirmed the diffusion character of oxidation and reduction as an adsorption-controlled process. Mechanisms for IVM oxidation at the tetrahydrofuran ring and reduction of the 1,4-diene structure in the IVM molecule are proposed. The redox behaviour of IVM in a biological matrix (human serum pool) showed a pronounced antioxidant potential similar to that of Trolox during short incubation, whereas a prolonged stay among biomolecules and in the presence of an exogenous pro-oxidant (tert-butyl hydroperoxide, TBH) resulted in a loss of its antioxidant effect. The antioxidant potential of IVM was confirmed by voltametric methodology which is proposed for the first time.
PB  - MDPI
T2  - Molecules
T1  - Electrochemical Characterisation and Confirmation of Antioxidative Properties of Ivermectin in Biological Medium
VL  - 28
IS  - 5
DO  - 10.3390/molecules28052113
ER  - 
@article{
author = "Selaković, Milan and Aleksić, Mara and Kotur-Stevuljević, Jelena and Rupar, Jelena and Ivković, Branka",
year = "2023",
abstract = "Ivermectin (IVM) is a drug from the group of anthelmintics used in veterinary and human medicine. Recently, interest in IVM has increased as it has been used for the treatment of some malignant diseases, as well as viral infections caused by the Zika virus, HIV-1 and SARS-CoV-2. The electrochemical behaviour of IVM was investigated using cyclic (CV), differential pulse (DPV) and square wave voltammetry (SWV) at glassy carbon electrode (GCE). IVM showed independent oxidation and reduction processes. The effect of pH and scan rate indicated the irreversibility of all processes and confirmed the diffusion character of oxidation and reduction as an adsorption-controlled process. Mechanisms for IVM oxidation at the tetrahydrofuran ring and reduction of the 1,4-diene structure in the IVM molecule are proposed. The redox behaviour of IVM in a biological matrix (human serum pool) showed a pronounced antioxidant potential similar to that of Trolox during short incubation, whereas a prolonged stay among biomolecules and in the presence of an exogenous pro-oxidant (tert-butyl hydroperoxide, TBH) resulted in a loss of its antioxidant effect. The antioxidant potential of IVM was confirmed by voltametric methodology which is proposed for the first time.",
publisher = "MDPI",
journal = "Molecules",
title = "Electrochemical Characterisation and Confirmation of Antioxidative Properties of Ivermectin in Biological Medium",
volume = "28",
number = "5",
doi = "10.3390/molecules28052113"
}
Selaković, M., Aleksić, M., Kotur-Stevuljević, J., Rupar, J.,& Ivković, B.. (2023). Electrochemical Characterisation and Confirmation of Antioxidative Properties of Ivermectin in Biological Medium. in Molecules
MDPI., 28(5).
https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28052113
Selaković M, Aleksić M, Kotur-Stevuljević J, Rupar J, Ivković B. Electrochemical Characterisation and Confirmation of Antioxidative Properties of Ivermectin in Biological Medium. in Molecules. 2023;28(5).
doi:10.3390/molecules28052113 .
Selaković, Milan, Aleksić, Mara, Kotur-Stevuljević, Jelena, Rupar, Jelena, Ivković, Branka, "Electrochemical Characterisation and Confirmation of Antioxidative Properties of Ivermectin in Biological Medium" in Molecules, 28, no. 5 (2023),
https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28052113 . .
2
1

Square wave voltammetric study of interaction between 9-acridinyl amino acid derivatives and DNA

Rupar, Jelena; Dobričić, Vladimir; Brborić, Jasmina; Čudina, Olivera; Aleksić, Mara

(Elsevier B.V., 2023)

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rupar, Jelena
AU  - Dobričić, Vladimir
AU  - Brborić, Jasmina
AU  - Čudina, Olivera
AU  - Aleksić, Mara
PY  - 2023
UR  - https://farfar.pharmacy.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/4323
AB  - Electrochemical oxidation of newly synthesized acridine derivatives (ADs): PG, PA, EG and EA was studied using square wave voltammetry at a glassy carbon electrode. Oxidation occurs as an irreversible process for all ADs. The ADs interaction with DNA was investigated using multi-layer DNA electrochemical biosensor. The shift of dA peak in positive direction indicated that the type of interaction is most likely an intercalation. PG showed the widest range of concentration capable to interact with DNA (1 × 10−7 M − 2.5 × 10−4 M). Analysing [Formula presented] vs logcAD plots, the binding constants were determined. For the lowest PG concentrations, obtained K value close to 106 M−1 refers to strong binding. The values of K for PA may be classified as medium strength, while EG and EA showed low K values. Our results unequivocally showed that the characteristics of association complexes may vary depending on the concentration of the interacting substance. The negative ΔG value for all ADs, (- 21 to - 34 kJ mol−1), confirms the process spontaneity. The best result, indicating the most stable formed complex with DNA adsorbed at the electrode surface, showed PG when present in low concentration, order of 10−7 M. The intercalation of ADs into DNA was supported by molecular docking analysis.
PB  - Elsevier B.V.
T2  - Bioelectrochemistry
T1  - Square wave voltammetric study of interaction between 9-acridinyl amino acid derivatives and DNA
VL  - 149
DO  - 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2022.108323
ER  - 
@article{
author = "Rupar, Jelena and Dobričić, Vladimir and Brborić, Jasmina and Čudina, Olivera and Aleksić, Mara",
year = "2023",
abstract = "Electrochemical oxidation of newly synthesized acridine derivatives (ADs): PG, PA, EG and EA was studied using square wave voltammetry at a glassy carbon electrode. Oxidation occurs as an irreversible process for all ADs. The ADs interaction with DNA was investigated using multi-layer DNA electrochemical biosensor. The shift of dA peak in positive direction indicated that the type of interaction is most likely an intercalation. PG showed the widest range of concentration capable to interact with DNA (1 × 10−7 M − 2.5 × 10−4 M). Analysing [Formula presented] vs logcAD plots, the binding constants were determined. For the lowest PG concentrations, obtained K value close to 106 M−1 refers to strong binding. The values of K for PA may be classified as medium strength, while EG and EA showed low K values. Our results unequivocally showed that the characteristics of association complexes may vary depending on the concentration of the interacting substance. The negative ΔG value for all ADs, (- 21 to - 34 kJ mol−1), confirms the process spontaneity. The best result, indicating the most stable formed complex with DNA adsorbed at the electrode surface, showed PG when present in low concentration, order of 10−7 M. The intercalation of ADs into DNA was supported by molecular docking analysis.",
publisher = "Elsevier B.V.",
journal = "Bioelectrochemistry",
title = "Square wave voltammetric study of interaction between 9-acridinyl amino acid derivatives and DNA",
volume = "149",
doi = "10.1016/j.bioelechem.2022.108323"
}
Rupar, J., Dobričić, V., Brborić, J., Čudina, O.,& Aleksić, M.. (2023). Square wave voltammetric study of interaction between 9-acridinyl amino acid derivatives and DNA. in Bioelectrochemistry
Elsevier B.V.., 149.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bioelechem.2022.108323
Rupar J, Dobričić V, Brborić J, Čudina O, Aleksić M. Square wave voltammetric study of interaction between 9-acridinyl amino acid derivatives and DNA. in Bioelectrochemistry. 2023;149.
doi:10.1016/j.bioelechem.2022.108323 .
Rupar, Jelena, Dobričić, Vladimir, Brborić, Jasmina, Čudina, Olivera, Aleksić, Mara, "Square wave voltammetric study of interaction between 9-acridinyl amino acid derivatives and DNA" in Bioelectrochemistry, 149 (2023),
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bioelechem.2022.108323 . .
2
1

Electrochemical Crosslinking of Alginate—Towards Doped Carbons for Oxygen Reduction

Rupar, Jelena; Hrnjić, Armin; Uskoković-Marković, Snežana; Bajuk-Bogdanović, Danica; Milojević-Rakić, Maja; Gavrilov, Nemanja; Janošević-Ležaić, Aleksandra

(MDPI, 2023)

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rupar, Jelena
AU  - Hrnjić, Armin
AU  - Uskoković-Marković, Snežana
AU  - Bajuk-Bogdanović, Danica
AU  - Milojević-Rakić, Maja
AU  - Gavrilov, Nemanja
AU  - Janošević-Ležaić, Aleksandra
PY  - 2023
UR  - https://farfar.pharmacy.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/4989
AB  - Electrochemical crosslinking of alginate strands by in situ iron oxidation was explored using a potentiostatic regime. Carbon-based materials co-doped with iron, nitrogen, and/or sulfur were prepared via electrolyte composition variation with a nitrogen-rich compound (rivanol) or through post-treatments with sodium sulfide. Nanometer-sized iron particles were confirmed by transmission and field emission scanning electron microscopy in all samples as a consequence of the homogeneous dispersion of iron in the alginate scaffold and its concomitant growth-limiting effect of alginate chains. Raman spectra confirmed a rise in structural disorder with rivanol/Na2S treatment, which points to more defect sites and edges known to be active sites for oxygen reduction. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra confirmed the presence of different iron, nitrogen, and sulfur species, with a marked difference between Na2S treated/untreated samples. The most positive onset potential (−0.26 V vs. saturated calomel electrode, SCE) was evidenced for the sample co-doped with N, S, and Fe, surpassing the activity of those with single and/or double doping. The mechanism of oxygen reduction in 0.1 M KOH was dominated by the 2e− reduction pathway at low overpotentials and shifted towards complete 4e− reduction at the most negative explored values. The presented results put forward electrochemically formed alginate gels functionalized by homogeneously dispersed multivalent cations as an excellent starting point in nanomaterial design and engineering.
PB  - MDPI
T2  - Polymers
T1  - Electrochemical Crosslinking of Alginate—Towards Doped Carbons for Oxygen Reduction
VL  - 15
IS  - 15
DO  - 10.3390/polym15153169
ER  - 
@article{
author = "Rupar, Jelena and Hrnjić, Armin and Uskoković-Marković, Snežana and Bajuk-Bogdanović, Danica and Milojević-Rakić, Maja and Gavrilov, Nemanja and Janošević-Ležaić, Aleksandra",
year = "2023",
abstract = "Electrochemical crosslinking of alginate strands by in situ iron oxidation was explored using a potentiostatic regime. Carbon-based materials co-doped with iron, nitrogen, and/or sulfur were prepared via electrolyte composition variation with a nitrogen-rich compound (rivanol) or through post-treatments with sodium sulfide. Nanometer-sized iron particles were confirmed by transmission and field emission scanning electron microscopy in all samples as a consequence of the homogeneous dispersion of iron in the alginate scaffold and its concomitant growth-limiting effect of alginate chains. Raman spectra confirmed a rise in structural disorder with rivanol/Na2S treatment, which points to more defect sites and edges known to be active sites for oxygen reduction. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra confirmed the presence of different iron, nitrogen, and sulfur species, with a marked difference between Na2S treated/untreated samples. The most positive onset potential (−0.26 V vs. saturated calomel electrode, SCE) was evidenced for the sample co-doped with N, S, and Fe, surpassing the activity of those with single and/or double doping. The mechanism of oxygen reduction in 0.1 M KOH was dominated by the 2e− reduction pathway at low overpotentials and shifted towards complete 4e− reduction at the most negative explored values. The presented results put forward electrochemically formed alginate gels functionalized by homogeneously dispersed multivalent cations as an excellent starting point in nanomaterial design and engineering.",
publisher = "MDPI",
journal = "Polymers",
title = "Electrochemical Crosslinking of Alginate—Towards Doped Carbons for Oxygen Reduction",
volume = "15",
number = "15",
doi = "10.3390/polym15153169"
}
Rupar, J., Hrnjić, A., Uskoković-Marković, S., Bajuk-Bogdanović, D., Milojević-Rakić, M., Gavrilov, N.,& Janošević-Ležaić, A.. (2023). Electrochemical Crosslinking of Alginate—Towards Doped Carbons for Oxygen Reduction. in Polymers
MDPI., 15(15).
https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15153169
Rupar J, Hrnjić A, Uskoković-Marković S, Bajuk-Bogdanović D, Milojević-Rakić M, Gavrilov N, Janošević-Ležaić A. Electrochemical Crosslinking of Alginate—Towards Doped Carbons for Oxygen Reduction. in Polymers. 2023;15(15).
doi:10.3390/polym15153169 .
Rupar, Jelena, Hrnjić, Armin, Uskoković-Marković, Snežana, Bajuk-Bogdanović, Danica, Milojević-Rakić, Maja, Gavrilov, Nemanja, Janošević-Ležaić, Aleksandra, "Electrochemical Crosslinking of Alginate—Towards Doped Carbons for Oxygen Reduction" in Polymers, 15, no. 15 (2023),
https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15153169 . .
1

ORR Catalysts Derived from Biopolymers

Rupar, Jelena; Tekić, Danijela; Janošević-Ležaić, Aleksandra; Upadhyay, Kush K.

(MDPI, 2023)

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rupar, Jelena
AU  - Tekić, Danijela
AU  - Janošević-Ležaić, Aleksandra
AU  - Upadhyay, Kush K.
PY  - 2023
UR  - https://farfar.pharmacy.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/4419
AB  - Due to the limited reaction rate of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), it is considered as a limiting factor in the performance of fuel cells and metal-air batteries. Platinum is considered the benchmark catalyst for ORR; however, the scarcity of platinum, its high price, the drift phenomenon, its insufficient durability, and its susceptibility to gas poisoning are the reasons for the constant search for new ORR catalysts. Carbon-based catalysts show exceptional promise in this respect considering economic profitability and activity, and, in addition, they have favorable conductivity and often a large specific surface area. The use of chitin, cellulose, lignin, coconut shell particles, shrimp shells, and even hair for this purpose was reported, as they had similar electrochemical activity regarding Pt. Alginate, a natural polymer and a constituent of brown algae, can be successfully used to obtain carbon materials that catalyze ORR. In addition, metal atomic-level catalysts and metal N-doped porous carbon materials, obtained from sodium alginate as a precursor, have been proposed as efficient electrocatalysts for ORR. Except for alginate, other biopolymers have been reported to play an important role in the preparation of ORR catalysts. In this review, recent advances regarding biopolymer-derived ORR catalysts are summarized, with a focus on alginate as a source.
PB  - MDPI
T2  - Catalysts
T1  - ORR Catalysts Derived from Biopolymers
VL  - 13
IS  - 1
DO  - 10.3390/catal13010080
ER  - 
@article{
author = "Rupar, Jelena and Tekić, Danijela and Janošević-Ležaić, Aleksandra and Upadhyay, Kush K.",
year = "2023",
abstract = "Due to the limited reaction rate of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), it is considered as a limiting factor in the performance of fuel cells and metal-air batteries. Platinum is considered the benchmark catalyst for ORR; however, the scarcity of platinum, its high price, the drift phenomenon, its insufficient durability, and its susceptibility to gas poisoning are the reasons for the constant search for new ORR catalysts. Carbon-based catalysts show exceptional promise in this respect considering economic profitability and activity, and, in addition, they have favorable conductivity and often a large specific surface area. The use of chitin, cellulose, lignin, coconut shell particles, shrimp shells, and even hair for this purpose was reported, as they had similar electrochemical activity regarding Pt. Alginate, a natural polymer and a constituent of brown algae, can be successfully used to obtain carbon materials that catalyze ORR. In addition, metal atomic-level catalysts and metal N-doped porous carbon materials, obtained from sodium alginate as a precursor, have been proposed as efficient electrocatalysts for ORR. Except for alginate, other biopolymers have been reported to play an important role in the preparation of ORR catalysts. In this review, recent advances regarding biopolymer-derived ORR catalysts are summarized, with a focus on alginate as a source.",
publisher = "MDPI",
journal = "Catalysts",
title = "ORR Catalysts Derived from Biopolymers",
volume = "13",
number = "1",
doi = "10.3390/catal13010080"
}
Rupar, J., Tekić, D., Janošević-Ležaić, A.,& Upadhyay, K. K.. (2023). ORR Catalysts Derived from Biopolymers. in Catalysts
MDPI., 13(1).
https://doi.org/10.3390/catal13010080
Rupar J, Tekić D, Janošević-Ležaić A, Upadhyay KK. ORR Catalysts Derived from Biopolymers. in Catalysts. 2023;13(1).
doi:10.3390/catal13010080 .
Rupar, Jelena, Tekić, Danijela, Janošević-Ležaić, Aleksandra, Upadhyay, Kush K., "ORR Catalysts Derived from Biopolymers" in Catalysts, 13, no. 1 (2023),
https://doi.org/10.3390/catal13010080 . .
1
4
3

Tailored porosity development in carbons via Zn2+ monodispersion: Fitting supercapacitors

Rupar, Jelena; Bajuk-Bogdanović, Danica; Milojević-Rakić, Maja; Krstić, Jugoslav; Upadhyay, Kush; Gavrilov, Nemanja; Janošević-Ležaić, Aleksandra

(Elsevier B.V., 2022)

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rupar, Jelena
AU  - Bajuk-Bogdanović, Danica
AU  - Milojević-Rakić, Maja
AU  - Krstić, Jugoslav
AU  - Upadhyay, Kush
AU  - Gavrilov, Nemanja
AU  - Janošević-Ležaić, Aleksandra
PY  - 2022
UR  - https://farfar.pharmacy.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/4069
AB  - Here, we propose a novel, electrochemical preparation of in situ N-doped alginate-based carbon precursors with monodispersed zinc ions. Obtained carbons were evaluated by spectroscopic (FTIR, Raman and XPS), textural (N2 physisorption), microscopic (TEM) and elemental (SEM-EDS) descriptors to establish their distinctive fea- tures originating from different synthetic procedures. Carbons characteristics were assessed in view of several carbonization temperatures applied for their preparation from alginate precursors, and individual and joint effect of zinc and nitrogen on the precursor. Obtained Zn monodispersion, emphasizes the significance of electro- chemical preparation, allowing increasing temperature to induce changes from its ionic form to carbonate and oxide, while at 800 ◦C ZnO further reduces and evaporates. Since homogeneously dispersed Zn species acts as porosity evolving agent during carbonization, a substantial surface area is developed, in the range 718–1056 m2 g
PB  - Elsevier B.V.
T2  - Microporous and Mesoporous Materials
T1  - Tailored porosity development in carbons via Zn2+ monodispersion: Fitting supercapacitors
VL  - 335
DO  - 10.1016/j.micromeso.2022.111790
ER  - 
@article{
author = "Rupar, Jelena and Bajuk-Bogdanović, Danica and Milojević-Rakić, Maja and Krstić, Jugoslav and Upadhyay, Kush and Gavrilov, Nemanja and Janošević-Ležaić, Aleksandra",
year = "2022",
abstract = "Here, we propose a novel, electrochemical preparation of in situ N-doped alginate-based carbon precursors with monodispersed zinc ions. Obtained carbons were evaluated by spectroscopic (FTIR, Raman and XPS), textural (N2 physisorption), microscopic (TEM) and elemental (SEM-EDS) descriptors to establish their distinctive fea- tures originating from different synthetic procedures. Carbons characteristics were assessed in view of several carbonization temperatures applied for their preparation from alginate precursors, and individual and joint effect of zinc and nitrogen on the precursor. Obtained Zn monodispersion, emphasizes the significance of electro- chemical preparation, allowing increasing temperature to induce changes from its ionic form to carbonate and oxide, while at 800 ◦C ZnO further reduces and evaporates. Since homogeneously dispersed Zn species acts as porosity evolving agent during carbonization, a substantial surface area is developed, in the range 718–1056 m2 g",
publisher = "Elsevier B.V.",
journal = "Microporous and Mesoporous Materials",
title = "Tailored porosity development in carbons via Zn2+ monodispersion: Fitting supercapacitors",
volume = "335",
doi = "10.1016/j.micromeso.2022.111790"
}
Rupar, J., Bajuk-Bogdanović, D., Milojević-Rakić, M., Krstić, J., Upadhyay, K., Gavrilov, N.,& Janošević-Ležaić, A.. (2022). Tailored porosity development in carbons via Zn2+ monodispersion: Fitting supercapacitors. in Microporous and Mesoporous Materials
Elsevier B.V.., 335.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micromeso.2022.111790
Rupar J, Bajuk-Bogdanović D, Milojević-Rakić M, Krstić J, Upadhyay K, Gavrilov N, Janošević-Ležaić A. Tailored porosity development in carbons via Zn2+ monodispersion: Fitting supercapacitors. in Microporous and Mesoporous Materials. 2022;335.
doi:10.1016/j.micromeso.2022.111790 .
Rupar, Jelena, Bajuk-Bogdanović, Danica, Milojević-Rakić, Maja, Krstić, Jugoslav, Upadhyay, Kush, Gavrilov, Nemanja, Janošević-Ležaić, Aleksandra, "Tailored porosity development in carbons via Zn2+ monodispersion: Fitting supercapacitors" in Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, 335 (2022),
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micromeso.2022.111790 . .
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6

Electrochemical oxidation and interaction of newly synthesized acridine derivatives with DNA

Rupar, Jelena; Aleksić, Mara; Dobričić, Vladimir; Čudina, Olivera; Brborić, Jasmina; Gavrilov, Nemanja

(Society of Physical Chemists of Serbia, 2021)

TY  - CONF
AU  - Rupar, Jelena
AU  - Aleksić, Mara
AU  - Dobričić, Vladimir
AU  - Čudina, Olivera
AU  - Brborić, Jasmina
AU  - Gavrilov, Nemanja
PY  - 2021
UR  - https://farfar.pharmacy.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/5482
AB  - Oxidation of newly synthesized acridine derivatives was studied using cyclic voltammetry at glassy
carbon electrode. Oxidation occurs as irreversible, diffusion-controlled process at pH 4.6 for
compounds 1-3 and as adsorption controlled process for compound 4. The interaction between newly
synthesized acridine compounds (compounds 1-4) and dsDNA was studied using a multilayer dsDNA
biosensor applying square wave voltammetry. Peak current corresponding to deoxyadenosine
decreased after 30 minutes of interaction suggesting interaction with dsDNA.
PB  - Society of Physical Chemists of Serbia
C3  - Physical Chemistry 2021 (Proceedings), 15th International Conference on Fundamental and Applied Aspects of Physical Chemistry, September 20-24, 2021. Belgrade, Serbia
T1  - Electrochemical oxidation and interaction of newly synthesized acridine derivatives with DNA
VL  - I
SP  - 294
EP  - 297
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_farfar_5482
ER  - 
@conference{
author = "Rupar, Jelena and Aleksić, Mara and Dobričić, Vladimir and Čudina, Olivera and Brborić, Jasmina and Gavrilov, Nemanja",
year = "2021",
abstract = "Oxidation of newly synthesized acridine derivatives was studied using cyclic voltammetry at glassy
carbon electrode. Oxidation occurs as irreversible, diffusion-controlled process at pH 4.6 for
compounds 1-3 and as adsorption controlled process for compound 4. The interaction between newly
synthesized acridine compounds (compounds 1-4) and dsDNA was studied using a multilayer dsDNA
biosensor applying square wave voltammetry. Peak current corresponding to deoxyadenosine
decreased after 30 minutes of interaction suggesting interaction with dsDNA.",
publisher = "Society of Physical Chemists of Serbia",
journal = "Physical Chemistry 2021 (Proceedings), 15th International Conference on Fundamental and Applied Aspects of Physical Chemistry, September 20-24, 2021. Belgrade, Serbia",
title = "Electrochemical oxidation and interaction of newly synthesized acridine derivatives with DNA",
volume = "I",
pages = "294-297",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_farfar_5482"
}
Rupar, J., Aleksić, M., Dobričić, V., Čudina, O., Brborić, J.,& Gavrilov, N.. (2021). Electrochemical oxidation and interaction of newly synthesized acridine derivatives with DNA. in Physical Chemistry 2021 (Proceedings), 15th International Conference on Fundamental and Applied Aspects of Physical Chemistry, September 20-24, 2021. Belgrade, Serbia
Society of Physical Chemists of Serbia., I, 294-297.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_farfar_5482
Rupar J, Aleksić M, Dobričić V, Čudina O, Brborić J, Gavrilov N. Electrochemical oxidation and interaction of newly synthesized acridine derivatives with DNA. in Physical Chemistry 2021 (Proceedings), 15th International Conference on Fundamental and Applied Aspects of Physical Chemistry, September 20-24, 2021. Belgrade, Serbia. 2021;I:294-297.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_farfar_5482 .
Rupar, Jelena, Aleksić, Mara, Dobričić, Vladimir, Čudina, Olivera, Brborić, Jasmina, Gavrilov, Nemanja, "Electrochemical oxidation and interaction of newly synthesized acridine derivatives with DNA" in Physical Chemistry 2021 (Proceedings), 15th International Conference on Fundamental and Applied Aspects of Physical Chemistry, September 20-24, 2021. Belgrade, Serbia, I (2021):294-297,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_farfar_5482 .

An electrochemical study of 9-chloroacridine redox behavior and its interaction with double-stranded DNA

Rupar, Jelena; Aleksić, Mara; Dobričić, Vladimir; Brborić, Jasmina; Čudina, Olivera

(Elsevier B.V., 2020)

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rupar, Jelena
AU  - Aleksić, Mara
AU  - Dobričić, Vladimir
AU  - Brborić, Jasmina
AU  - Čudina, Olivera
PY  - 2020
UR  - https://farfar.pharmacy.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/3611
AB  - The electrochemical behavior of 9-chloroacridine (9Cl-A), a precursor molecule for synthesis of acridine derivatives with cytostatic activity, is a complex, pH-dependent, diffusion-controlled irreversible process. Oxidation of 9Cl-A initiates with the formation of a cation radical monomer, continues via the formation of a dimer subsequent oxidation to new cation radical. Reduction of 9Cl-A produces radical monomers which are stabilized by dimer formation. The investigation was performed using cyclic, differential pulse and square wave voltammetry at a glassy carbon electrode. The interaction between 9Cl-A and double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) was investigated using a multilayer dsDNA-electrochemical biosensor and 9Cl-A solutions from 1.0×10-7M (the lowest 9Cl-A concentration whose interaction with DNA was possible to detect) up to 1×10-4M. These allowed the binding constant, K=3.45×105M-1 and change in Gibbs free energy of the formed adsorbed complex to be calculated. Complex formation was a spontaneous process proceeding via 9Cl-A intercalation into dsDNA inducing structural changes. The intercalation of 9Cl-A into dsDNA was supported by molecular docking analysis. The combination of simple methodology and the use of biosensors to investigate DNA interactions is a powerful tool to offer insight into aspects of drug design during pharmaceutical development.
PB  - Elsevier B.V.
T2  - Bioelectrochemistry
T1  - An electrochemical study of 9-chloroacridine redox behavior and its interaction with double-stranded DNA
VL  - 135
DO  - 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2020.107579
ER  - 
@article{
author = "Rupar, Jelena and Aleksić, Mara and Dobričić, Vladimir and Brborić, Jasmina and Čudina, Olivera",
year = "2020",
abstract = "The electrochemical behavior of 9-chloroacridine (9Cl-A), a precursor molecule for synthesis of acridine derivatives with cytostatic activity, is a complex, pH-dependent, diffusion-controlled irreversible process. Oxidation of 9Cl-A initiates with the formation of a cation radical monomer, continues via the formation of a dimer subsequent oxidation to new cation radical. Reduction of 9Cl-A produces radical monomers which are stabilized by dimer formation. The investigation was performed using cyclic, differential pulse and square wave voltammetry at a glassy carbon electrode. The interaction between 9Cl-A and double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) was investigated using a multilayer dsDNA-electrochemical biosensor and 9Cl-A solutions from 1.0×10-7M (the lowest 9Cl-A concentration whose interaction with DNA was possible to detect) up to 1×10-4M. These allowed the binding constant, K=3.45×105M-1 and change in Gibbs free energy of the formed adsorbed complex to be calculated. Complex formation was a spontaneous process proceeding via 9Cl-A intercalation into dsDNA inducing structural changes. The intercalation of 9Cl-A into dsDNA was supported by molecular docking analysis. The combination of simple methodology and the use of biosensors to investigate DNA interactions is a powerful tool to offer insight into aspects of drug design during pharmaceutical development.",
publisher = "Elsevier B.V.",
journal = "Bioelectrochemistry",
title = "An electrochemical study of 9-chloroacridine redox behavior and its interaction with double-stranded DNA",
volume = "135",
doi = "10.1016/j.bioelechem.2020.107579"
}
Rupar, J., Aleksić, M., Dobričić, V., Brborić, J.,& Čudina, O.. (2020). An electrochemical study of 9-chloroacridine redox behavior and its interaction with double-stranded DNA. in Bioelectrochemistry
Elsevier B.V.., 135.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bioelechem.2020.107579
Rupar J, Aleksić M, Dobričić V, Brborić J, Čudina O. An electrochemical study of 9-chloroacridine redox behavior and its interaction with double-stranded DNA. in Bioelectrochemistry. 2020;135.
doi:10.1016/j.bioelechem.2020.107579 .
Rupar, Jelena, Aleksić, Mara, Dobričić, Vladimir, Brborić, Jasmina, Čudina, Olivera, "An electrochemical study of 9-chloroacridine redox behavior and its interaction with double-stranded DNA" in Bioelectrochemistry, 135 (2020),
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bioelechem.2020.107579 . .
1
13
2
13

Synthesis and evaluation of anticancer activity of new 9-acridinyl amino acid derivatives

Rupar, Jelena; Dobričić, Vladimir; Grahovac, Jelena; Radulović, Siniša; Skok, Žiga; Ilaš, Janez; Aleksić, Mara; Brborić, Jasmina; Čudina, Olivera

(Royal Society of Chemistry, 2020)

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rupar, Jelena
AU  - Dobričić, Vladimir
AU  - Grahovac, Jelena
AU  - Radulović, Siniša
AU  - Skok, Žiga
AU  - Ilaš, Janez
AU  - Aleksić, Mara
AU  - Brborić, Jasmina
AU  - Čudina, Olivera
PY  - 2020
UR  - https://farfar.pharmacy.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/3606
AB  - A series of eleven 9-acridinyl amino acid derivatives were synthesized using a two-step procedure. Cytotoxicity was tested on the K562 and A549 cancer cell lines and normal diploid cell line MRC5 using the MTT assay. Compounds 6, 7, 8 and 9 were the most active, with IC50 values comparable to or lower than that of chemotherapeutic agent amsacrine. 8 and 9 were especially effective in the A549 cell line (IC50 ≈ 6 μM), which is of special interest since amsacrine is not sufficiently active in lung cancer patients. Cell cycle analysis revealed that 7 and 9 caused G2/M block, amsacrine caused arrest in the S phase, while 6 and 8 induced apoptotic cell death independently of the cell cycle regulation. In comparison to amsacrine, 6, 7, 8, and 9 showed similar inhibitory potential towards topoisomerase II, whereas only 7 showed DNA intercalation properties. In contrast to amsacrine, 6, 7, 8 and 9 showed a lack of toxicity towards unstimulated normal human leucocytes.
PB  - Royal Society of Chemistry
T2  - RSC Medicinal Chemistry
T1  - Synthesis and evaluation of anticancer activity of new 9-acridinyl amino acid derivatives
VL  - 11
IS  - 3
SP  - 378
EP  - 386
DO  - 10.1039/c9md00597h
DO  - 2-s2.0-85083014447
ER  - 
@article{
author = "Rupar, Jelena and Dobričić, Vladimir and Grahovac, Jelena and Radulović, Siniša and Skok, Žiga and Ilaš, Janez and Aleksić, Mara and Brborić, Jasmina and Čudina, Olivera",
year = "2020",
abstract = "A series of eleven 9-acridinyl amino acid derivatives were synthesized using a two-step procedure. Cytotoxicity was tested on the K562 and A549 cancer cell lines and normal diploid cell line MRC5 using the MTT assay. Compounds 6, 7, 8 and 9 were the most active, with IC50 values comparable to or lower than that of chemotherapeutic agent amsacrine. 8 and 9 were especially effective in the A549 cell line (IC50 ≈ 6 μM), which is of special interest since amsacrine is not sufficiently active in lung cancer patients. Cell cycle analysis revealed that 7 and 9 caused G2/M block, amsacrine caused arrest in the S phase, while 6 and 8 induced apoptotic cell death independently of the cell cycle regulation. In comparison to amsacrine, 6, 7, 8, and 9 showed similar inhibitory potential towards topoisomerase II, whereas only 7 showed DNA intercalation properties. In contrast to amsacrine, 6, 7, 8 and 9 showed a lack of toxicity towards unstimulated normal human leucocytes.",
publisher = "Royal Society of Chemistry",
journal = "RSC Medicinal Chemistry",
title = "Synthesis and evaluation of anticancer activity of new 9-acridinyl amino acid derivatives",
volume = "11",
number = "3",
pages = "378-386",
doi = "10.1039/c9md00597h, 2-s2.0-85083014447"
}
Rupar, J., Dobričić, V., Grahovac, J., Radulović, S., Skok, Ž., Ilaš, J., Aleksić, M., Brborić, J.,& Čudina, O.. (2020). Synthesis and evaluation of anticancer activity of new 9-acridinyl amino acid derivatives. in RSC Medicinal Chemistry
Royal Society of Chemistry., 11(3), 378-386.
https://doi.org/10.1039/c9md00597h
Rupar J, Dobričić V, Grahovac J, Radulović S, Skok Ž, Ilaš J, Aleksić M, Brborić J, Čudina O. Synthesis and evaluation of anticancer activity of new 9-acridinyl amino acid derivatives. in RSC Medicinal Chemistry. 2020;11(3):378-386.
doi:10.1039/c9md00597h .
Rupar, Jelena, Dobričić, Vladimir, Grahovac, Jelena, Radulović, Siniša, Skok, Žiga, Ilaš, Janez, Aleksić, Mara, Brborić, Jasmina, Čudina, Olivera, "Synthesis and evaluation of anticancer activity of new 9-acridinyl amino acid derivatives" in RSC Medicinal Chemistry, 11, no. 3 (2020):378-386,
https://doi.org/10.1039/c9md00597h . .
10
3
11

Comparative electrochemical studies of kinetic and thermodynamic parameters of Quinoxaline and Brimonidine redox process

Rupar, Jelena; Aleksić, Mara; Nikolić, Katarina; Popović-Nikolić, Marija

(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, Oxford, 2018)

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rupar, Jelena
AU  - Aleksić, Mara
AU  - Nikolić, Katarina
AU  - Popović-Nikolić, Marija
PY  - 2018
UR  - https://farfar.pharmacy.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/3145
AB  - The electrochemical response of two biologically important benzopyrazine derivative, Quinoxaline and Brimonidine (5-bromo-N-(4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl) quinoxaline-6-amine) was studied at glassy carbon electrode. Investigations were performed in acetate buffer at pH 3.6 where both compounds undergo complex electrode process which begins with quasi reversible redox process at pyrazine ring forming di-hydro derivative, which is further irreversible oxidized to hydroxyl-derivative. Cyclic voltammetry at different scan rates was employed for the determination of heterogeneous electron transfer rate constant and diffusion coefficient of the compounds. The values of electron transfer rate constant at different temperatures were used for the evaluation of thermodynamic parameters like enthalpy, entropy and Gibbs free energy changes, as well as apparent energy of activation. Computational study has been performed in order to evaluate some useful quantum chemical parameters with the aim to confirm and explain the difference in experimentally obtained kinetic and thermodynamic parameters of the investigated QUI and BRIM redox process. Results were compared with studies of similar compounds and pointed out the observed similarities and differences.
PB  - Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, Oxford
T2  - Electrochimica Acta
T1  - Comparative electrochemical studies of kinetic and thermodynamic parameters of Quinoxaline and Brimonidine redox process
VL  - 271
SP  - 220
EP  - 231
DO  - 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.03.114
ER  - 
@article{
author = "Rupar, Jelena and Aleksić, Mara and Nikolić, Katarina and Popović-Nikolić, Marija",
year = "2018",
abstract = "The electrochemical response of two biologically important benzopyrazine derivative, Quinoxaline and Brimonidine (5-bromo-N-(4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl) quinoxaline-6-amine) was studied at glassy carbon electrode. Investigations were performed in acetate buffer at pH 3.6 where both compounds undergo complex electrode process which begins with quasi reversible redox process at pyrazine ring forming di-hydro derivative, which is further irreversible oxidized to hydroxyl-derivative. Cyclic voltammetry at different scan rates was employed for the determination of heterogeneous electron transfer rate constant and diffusion coefficient of the compounds. The values of electron transfer rate constant at different temperatures were used for the evaluation of thermodynamic parameters like enthalpy, entropy and Gibbs free energy changes, as well as apparent energy of activation. Computational study has been performed in order to evaluate some useful quantum chemical parameters with the aim to confirm and explain the difference in experimentally obtained kinetic and thermodynamic parameters of the investigated QUI and BRIM redox process. Results were compared with studies of similar compounds and pointed out the observed similarities and differences.",
publisher = "Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, Oxford",
journal = "Electrochimica Acta",
title = "Comparative electrochemical studies of kinetic and thermodynamic parameters of Quinoxaline and Brimonidine redox process",
volume = "271",
pages = "220-231",
doi = "10.1016/j.electacta.2018.03.114"
}
Rupar, J., Aleksić, M., Nikolić, K.,& Popović-Nikolić, M.. (2018). Comparative electrochemical studies of kinetic and thermodynamic parameters of Quinoxaline and Brimonidine redox process. in Electrochimica Acta
Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, Oxford., 271, 220-231.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2018.03.114
Rupar J, Aleksić M, Nikolić K, Popović-Nikolić M. Comparative electrochemical studies of kinetic and thermodynamic parameters of Quinoxaline and Brimonidine redox process. in Electrochimica Acta. 2018;271:220-231.
doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2018.03.114 .
Rupar, Jelena, Aleksić, Mara, Nikolić, Katarina, Popović-Nikolić, Marija, "Comparative electrochemical studies of kinetic and thermodynamic parameters of Quinoxaline and Brimonidine redox process" in Electrochimica Acta, 271 (2018):220-231,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2018.03.114 . .
11
6
10

A review of published data on acridine derivatives with different biological activities

Rupar, Jelena; Dobričić, Vladimir; Aleksić, Mara; Brborić, Jasmina; Čudina, Olivera

(Univerzitet u Kragujevcu - Prirodno-matematički fakultet, Kragujevac, 2018)

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rupar, Jelena
AU  - Dobričić, Vladimir
AU  - Aleksić, Mara
AU  - Brborić, Jasmina
AU  - Čudina, Olivera
PY  - 2018
UR  - https://farfar.pharmacy.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/3033
AB  - Acridine ring can be found in molecules used in many different spheres, including industry and medicine. Nowadays, even acridines with antibacterial activity are of research interest due to increasing bacterial resistance. Some acridine derivatives showed antimalarial or antiviral activity. Acridine derivatives were also investigated for antitumor activity due to the interaction with topoisomerase II and DNA base pairs. Considering these possible uses of acridine derivatives, this work was made as overview of all significant structure characteristics for specific action of these compounds.
PB  - Univerzitet u Kragujevcu - Prirodno-matematički fakultet, Kragujevac
T2  - Kragujevac Journal of Science
T1  - A review of published data on acridine derivatives with different biological activities
IS  - 40
SP  - 83
EP  - 101
DO  - 10.5937/KgJSci1840083R
ER  - 
@article{
author = "Rupar, Jelena and Dobričić, Vladimir and Aleksić, Mara and Brborić, Jasmina and Čudina, Olivera",
year = "2018",
abstract = "Acridine ring can be found in molecules used in many different spheres, including industry and medicine. Nowadays, even acridines with antibacterial activity are of research interest due to increasing bacterial resistance. Some acridine derivatives showed antimalarial or antiviral activity. Acridine derivatives were also investigated for antitumor activity due to the interaction with topoisomerase II and DNA base pairs. Considering these possible uses of acridine derivatives, this work was made as overview of all significant structure characteristics for specific action of these compounds.",
publisher = "Univerzitet u Kragujevcu - Prirodno-matematički fakultet, Kragujevac",
journal = "Kragujevac Journal of Science",
title = "A review of published data on acridine derivatives with different biological activities",
number = "40",
pages = "83-101",
doi = "10.5937/KgJSci1840083R"
}
Rupar, J., Dobričić, V., Aleksić, M., Brborić, J.,& Čudina, O.. (2018). A review of published data on acridine derivatives with different biological activities. in Kragujevac Journal of Science
Univerzitet u Kragujevcu - Prirodno-matematički fakultet, Kragujevac.(40), 83-101.
https://doi.org/10.5937/KgJSci1840083R
Rupar J, Dobričić V, Aleksić M, Brborić J, Čudina O. A review of published data on acridine derivatives with different biological activities. in Kragujevac Journal of Science. 2018;(40):83-101.
doi:10.5937/KgJSci1840083R .
Rupar, Jelena, Dobričić, Vladimir, Aleksić, Mara, Brborić, Jasmina, Čudina, Olivera, "A review of published data on acridine derivatives with different biological activities" in Kragujevac Journal of Science, no. 40 (2018):83-101,
https://doi.org/10.5937/KgJSci1840083R . .
15