TY  - CONF
AU  - Krajnović, Dušanka
AU  - Milošević-Georgiev, Andrijana
AU  - Crnjanski, Tatjana
AU  - Matović, Ljiljana
PY  - 2023
UR  - https://farfar.pharmacy.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/4867
UR  - http://www.bioetika.hr/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/Book-IAEE-2023-ONLINE.pdf
AB  - Background. Ethical issues are closely related to everyday work at community pharmacies and pharmacists
are often in the situations to decide between more procedures with consequential impact on the rights and ben-
efit of other people. The education they receive at undergraduate study might be insufficient for ethical deci-
sion-making on complex situations in clinical practice. Ethical values make a substantial part in any discussion
on ethics and ethical behaviour, but teaching about moral values are not mandatory for any healthcare profes-
sionals in Serbia, pharmacists as well, neither at graduate nor postgraduate levels and continuing professional
development. Conducting empirical research from pharmacy ethics could help educators and practitioners to
develop and implement those topics into curricula and improve the educational outcomes in the field of phar-
macy ethics. This could lead to tailor-based educational model that might empower community pharmacists
to more significantly resolve situations regarding conscientious objection and ensure better understanding of
reasons behind their behaviour, when delivering pharmaceutical care.
Aim/purpose. This study aimed to assess the perception of pharmacists regarding the situations that raised
ethical issues of conscientious objection and their concerns related to compromising ethical values while car-
ing for patients’ healthcare needs at community-based settings.
Empirical methods and/or theoretical perspective. The research presented is only a part of a broader re-
search work conducted in Serbia on community pharmacists’ values and ethical dilemmas faced by them.
A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted among 153 community pharmacists from the northern
region of Serbia. The survey instrument had been developed and validated originally (Crnjanski et al., 2016)
as a 16-items self-administered survey instrument with proposed ethical situations – EISP scale (Ethical Issue
Scale for Community Pharmacy Setting).
Results, outcomes and implications. Participants were predominantly female (75.20%) with an average age
of 34.48±9.05 years. Every tenth respondent had completed post-graduate education. The largest proportion of
pharmacists (61.4%) faced ethical dilemmas in everyday work. Nearly all (90.20%) believed that pharmacists
should have the right to file a conscientious objection when they are unable to provide services to a patient
due to moral reasons. More than half of pharmacists (60.58%) stated that they had never compromised their
ethical values. A vast majority (71%) would never do it, under any circumstances, and slight minority of them
(13%) would compromise it for their own well-being. Pharmacists expressed the greatest concern that when
compromising ethical values, they could harm the patients (56.2%) and could call their competence into ques-
tion (26.8%). The least important were warries to potential legal problems (12.4%) and disclosure of actions
by superiors (4.6%).
Conclusions. In conclusion, community pharmacists in Serbia are confronted with numerous ethical problems
when they might reasonably decide to compromise ethical values. Most of the pharmacists face the ethical
dilemma situations when they are unable to provide services due to conscientious objection or collision with
their values. It is observed that they would compromise their values rarely and not only because of employers’
request or their own interests, but also because of the patient’s interests and moral duty to care. A value-based
education for pharmacists could help them and empower them in resolving ethical problems in practice.
PB  - Croatian Bioethics Society
C3  - 11th International Conference on Ethics Education. Ethics education, Interdisciplinarity and Pluriperspectivism, June 15-17 2023, Croatia
T1  - The attitudes of community pharmacists towards compromising their ethical values and conscientious objection
SP  - 72
EP  - 72
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_farfar_4867
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Krajnović, Dušanka and Milošević-Georgiev, Andrijana and Crnjanski, Tatjana and Matović, Ljiljana",
year = "2023",
abstract = "Background. Ethical issues are closely related to everyday work at community pharmacies and pharmacists
are often in the situations to decide between more procedures with consequential impact on the rights and ben-
efit of other people. The education they receive at undergraduate study might be insufficient for ethical deci-
sion-making on complex situations in clinical practice. Ethical values make a substantial part in any discussion
on ethics and ethical behaviour, but teaching about moral values are not mandatory for any healthcare profes-
sionals in Serbia, pharmacists as well, neither at graduate nor postgraduate levels and continuing professional
development. Conducting empirical research from pharmacy ethics could help educators and practitioners to
develop and implement those topics into curricula and improve the educational outcomes in the field of phar-
macy ethics. This could lead to tailor-based educational model that might empower community pharmacists
to more significantly resolve situations regarding conscientious objection and ensure better understanding of
reasons behind their behaviour, when delivering pharmaceutical care.
Aim/purpose. This study aimed to assess the perception of pharmacists regarding the situations that raised
ethical issues of conscientious objection and their concerns related to compromising ethical values while car-
ing for patients’ healthcare needs at community-based settings.
Empirical methods and/or theoretical perspective. The research presented is only a part of a broader re-
search work conducted in Serbia on community pharmacists’ values and ethical dilemmas faced by them.
A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted among 153 community pharmacists from the northern
region of Serbia. The survey instrument had been developed and validated originally (Crnjanski et al., 2016)
as a 16-items self-administered survey instrument with proposed ethical situations – EISP scale (Ethical Issue
Scale for Community Pharmacy Setting).
Results, outcomes and implications. Participants were predominantly female (75.20%) with an average age
of 34.48±9.05 years. Every tenth respondent had completed post-graduate education. The largest proportion of
pharmacists (61.4%) faced ethical dilemmas in everyday work. Nearly all (90.20%) believed that pharmacists
should have the right to file a conscientious objection when they are unable to provide services to a patient
due to moral reasons. More than half of pharmacists (60.58%) stated that they had never compromised their
ethical values. A vast majority (71%) would never do it, under any circumstances, and slight minority of them
(13%) would compromise it for their own well-being. Pharmacists expressed the greatest concern that when
compromising ethical values, they could harm the patients (56.2%) and could call their competence into ques-
tion (26.8%). The least important were warries to potential legal problems (12.4%) and disclosure of actions
by superiors (4.6%).
Conclusions. In conclusion, community pharmacists in Serbia are confronted with numerous ethical problems
when they might reasonably decide to compromise ethical values. Most of the pharmacists face the ethical
dilemma situations when they are unable to provide services due to conscientious objection or collision with
their values. It is observed that they would compromise their values rarely and not only because of employers’
request or their own interests, but also because of the patient’s interests and moral duty to care. A value-based
education for pharmacists could help them and empower them in resolving ethical problems in practice.",
publisher = "Croatian Bioethics Society",
journal = "11th International Conference on Ethics Education. Ethics education, Interdisciplinarity and Pluriperspectivism, June 15-17 2023, Croatia",
title = "The attitudes of community pharmacists towards compromising their ethical values and conscientious objection",
pages = "72-72",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_farfar_4867"
}

Krajnović, D., Milošević-Georgiev, A., Crnjanski, T.,& Matović, L.. (2023). The attitudes of community pharmacists towards compromising their ethical values and conscientious objection. in 11th International Conference on Ethics Education. Ethics education, Interdisciplinarity and Pluriperspectivism, June 15-17 2023, Croatia
Croatian Bioethics Society., 72-72.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_farfar_4867

Krajnović D, Milošević-Georgiev A, Crnjanski T, Matović L. The attitudes of community pharmacists towards compromising their ethical values and conscientious objection. in 11th International Conference on Ethics Education. Ethics education, Interdisciplinarity and Pluriperspectivism, June 15-17 2023, Croatia. 2023;:72-72.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_farfar_4867 .

Krajnović, Dušanka, Milošević-Georgiev, Andrijana, Crnjanski, Tatjana, Matović, Ljiljana, "The attitudes of community pharmacists towards compromising their ethical values and conscientious objection" in 11th International Conference on Ethics Education. Ethics education, Interdisciplinarity and Pluriperspectivism, June 15-17 2023, Croatia (2023):72-72,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_farfar_4867 .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Krajnović, Dušanka
AU  - Crnjanski, Tatjana
AU  - Savić, Mirko
PY  - 2021
UR  - https://farfar.pharmacy.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/3899
AB  - During  their  work,  pharmacists  are  faced  with  a  number  of  ethically  difficult situations  which  include  consideration  of  the values, rights and responsibilities. The overall aim of this study was to analyse the factors that influence the ethical valuesof pharmacists.  We aimed  to  determine  the  relationship  of  these  factors  and  the  pharmacists’  perceptions  of  difficulty  and frequency of  ethical issues in community pharmacy  settings.  The  research design  was cross-sectional and descriptive; the datawere gathered from a sample of community pharmacists in Serbia by using validated self-administered survey instrument. In all, 590 pharmacists participated (94.06% females) with working experience from 1 to 39 years (mean 15.17 ± 10.04 years). The  majority  of  respondents  stated  that  the  main  factor  influencing  the  ethical  values  of  pharmacistsis  professional  ethics, followed by family norms. The most common reasons for addressing ethical issuesassociated with values arerelated to the following: importance of cooperation with other healthcare professionals, respect for the rules and regulations, patients` well-being, working within one’s competence to limit liability, controlling and monitoring the organizational and occupational framework of pharmacy profession. The respondents in our study identified an ethical imperative for pharmacists in limiting harm to patients and resistance to commercial pressures which might compromise their judgment. The results demonstrate a need  for  careful  examination  of  the  values  that  could  be  identified  and  explored  in  dilemmas  created  by  commercial environmentand dual personality of users (patients, costumers) of community pharmacy service
PB  - Romanian Society for Pharmaceutical Sciences
T2  - Farmacia
T1  - Ethical issues and values in pharmacy practice
VL  - 69
IS  - 2
SP  - 375
EP  - 383
DO  - 10.31925/farmacia.2021.2.24
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Krajnović, Dušanka and Crnjanski, Tatjana and Savić, Mirko",
year = "2021",
abstract = "During  their  work,  pharmacists  are  faced  with  a  number  of  ethically  difficult situations  which  include  consideration  of  the values, rights and responsibilities. The overall aim of this study was to analyse the factors that influence the ethical valuesof pharmacists.  We aimed  to  determine  the  relationship  of  these  factors  and  the  pharmacists’  perceptions  of  difficulty  and frequency of  ethical issues in community pharmacy  settings.  The  research design  was cross-sectional and descriptive; the datawere gathered from a sample of community pharmacists in Serbia by using validated self-administered survey instrument. In all, 590 pharmacists participated (94.06% females) with working experience from 1 to 39 years (mean 15.17 ± 10.04 years). The  majority  of  respondents  stated  that  the  main  factor  influencing  the  ethical  values  of  pharmacistsis  professional  ethics, followed by family norms. The most common reasons for addressing ethical issuesassociated with values arerelated to the following: importance of cooperation with other healthcare professionals, respect for the rules and regulations, patients` well-being, working within one’s competence to limit liability, controlling and monitoring the organizational and occupational framework of pharmacy profession. The respondents in our study identified an ethical imperative for pharmacists in limiting harm to patients and resistance to commercial pressures which might compromise their judgment. The results demonstrate a need  for  careful  examination  of  the  values  that  could  be  identified  and  explored  in  dilemmas  created  by  commercial environmentand dual personality of users (patients, costumers) of community pharmacy service",
publisher = "Romanian Society for Pharmaceutical Sciences",
journal = "Farmacia",
title = "Ethical issues and values in pharmacy practice",
volume = "69",
number = "2",
pages = "375-383",
doi = "10.31925/farmacia.2021.2.24"
}

Krajnović, D., Crnjanski, T.,& Savić, M.. (2021). Ethical issues and values in pharmacy practice. in Farmacia
Romanian Society for Pharmaceutical Sciences., 69(2), 375-383.
https://doi.org/10.31925/farmacia.2021.2.24

Krajnović D, Crnjanski T, Savić M. Ethical issues and values in pharmacy practice. in Farmacia. 2021;69(2):375-383.
doi:10.31925/farmacia.2021.2.24 .

Krajnović, Dušanka, Crnjanski, Tatjana, Savić, Mirko, "Ethical issues and values in pharmacy practice" in Farmacia, 69, no. 2 (2021):375-383,
https://doi.org/10.31925/farmacia.2021.2.24 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Crnjanski, Tatjana
AU  - Krajnović, Dušanka
AU  - Savić, Mirko
PY  - 2019
UR  - https://farfar.pharmacy.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/3251
AB  - Researching ethical problems and their frequency could give us a complex picture and greater insight into the types of ethical issues that pharmacists face in providing health care. The overall aim of this study was to assess the pharmacist’s perception of difficulty and frequency of selected ethical issues encountered by the community pharmacists in their everyday practice. A quantitative cross sectional multicenter study was performed using a validated survey instrument - Ethical Issue Scale for Community Pharmacy (EISP). The results of the analysis of 690 completely filled out instruments (response rate 78.49%) showed the difference between the ethical issues which always occurred (“A pharmacist is prevented from dispensing a medicine to the patient due to an administrative error in the prescription”), and the ones that pharmacists found most difficult (“A pharmacist dispenses a medicine he/she personally considers inadequate for the therapeutic treatment of the patient, in order to avoid any conflicts with the physician” and “A pharmacist is considering violating the rules and regulations in order to perform an act of humanity”). The majority of respondents (84.78%) were familiar with the Code of Ethics but the correlation between the familiarity and the perceived usefulness of the code in resolving problems in everyday practice was negative (ρ = −0.17, p  lt  0.001). Results showed that patients’ well-being had a high influence on pharmacists’ behavior. The results provided quantitative data by the examination of specific ethical issues and their occurrence. Further empirical research is recommended in order to systematically identify the ethical issues faced by community pharmacists.
PB  - Springer Netherlands
T2  - Science and Engineering Ethics
T1  - Pharmacists’ Assessment of the Difficulty and Frequency of Ethical Issues Encountered in Community Pharmacy Settings
VL  - 25
IS  - 4
SP  - 1017
EP  - 1036
DO  - 10.1007/s11948-017-9870-x
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Crnjanski, Tatjana and Krajnović, Dušanka and Savić, Mirko",
year = "2019",
abstract = "Researching ethical problems and their frequency could give us a complex picture and greater insight into the types of ethical issues that pharmacists face in providing health care. The overall aim of this study was to assess the pharmacist’s perception of difficulty and frequency of selected ethical issues encountered by the community pharmacists in their everyday practice. A quantitative cross sectional multicenter study was performed using a validated survey instrument - Ethical Issue Scale for Community Pharmacy (EISP). The results of the analysis of 690 completely filled out instruments (response rate 78.49%) showed the difference between the ethical issues which always occurred (“A pharmacist is prevented from dispensing a medicine to the patient due to an administrative error in the prescription”), and the ones that pharmacists found most difficult (“A pharmacist dispenses a medicine he/she personally considers inadequate for the therapeutic treatment of the patient, in order to avoid any conflicts with the physician” and “A pharmacist is considering violating the rules and regulations in order to perform an act of humanity”). The majority of respondents (84.78%) were familiar with the Code of Ethics but the correlation between the familiarity and the perceived usefulness of the code in resolving problems in everyday practice was negative (ρ = −0.17, p  lt  0.001). Results showed that patients’ well-being had a high influence on pharmacists’ behavior. The results provided quantitative data by the examination of specific ethical issues and their occurrence. Further empirical research is recommended in order to systematically identify the ethical issues faced by community pharmacists.",
publisher = "Springer Netherlands",
journal = "Science and Engineering Ethics",
title = "Pharmacists’ Assessment of the Difficulty and Frequency of Ethical Issues Encountered in Community Pharmacy Settings",
volume = "25",
number = "4",
pages = "1017-1036",
doi = "10.1007/s11948-017-9870-x"
}

Crnjanski, T., Krajnović, D.,& Savić, M.. (2019). Pharmacists’ Assessment of the Difficulty and Frequency of Ethical Issues Encountered in Community Pharmacy Settings. in Science and Engineering Ethics
Springer Netherlands., 25(4), 1017-1036.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11948-017-9870-x

Crnjanski T, Krajnović D, Savić M. Pharmacists’ Assessment of the Difficulty and Frequency of Ethical Issues Encountered in Community Pharmacy Settings. in Science and Engineering Ethics. 2019;25(4):1017-1036.
doi:10.1007/s11948-017-9870-x .

Crnjanski, Tatjana, Krajnović, Dušanka, Savić, Mirko, "Pharmacists’ Assessment of the Difficulty and Frequency of Ethical Issues Encountered in Community Pharmacy Settings" in Science and Engineering Ethics, 25, no. 4 (2019):1017-1036,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11948-017-9870-x . .

TY  - THES
AU  - Crnjanski, Tatjana D.
PY  - 2018
UR  - http://eteze.bg.ac.rs/application/showtheses?thesesId=6435
UR  - http://nardus.mpn.gov.rs/handle/123456789/10584
UR  - https://fedorabg.bg.ac.rs/fedora/get/o:19151/bdef:Content/download
UR  - http://vbs.rs/scripts/cobiss?command=DISPLAY&base=70036&RID=2048276834
UR  - https://farfar.pharmacy.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/3672
AB  - Farmaceuti danas rade u uslovima intenzivnog tehnološkog, informatičkog ibiomedicinskog napretka koji njihovom profesionalnom radu donose nove etičkeizazove. Etička pitanja su neizbežno povezana sa farmaceutskom praksom i mnogiproblemi koji se javljaju prilikom pružanja farmaceutskih usluga mogu da sadrže etičkukomponentu. Farmaceuti rešavaju etička pitanja u situacijama kada se od njih zahtevada donesu odluku koja će imati direktno ili indirektno uticaja na prava i/ili dobrobitdrugih ljudi (pacijenta, kolega, i sl.). Pružanje farmaceutske zdravstvene zaštite seobavlja u intersekciji etičkih, profesionalnih i zakonskih propisa. Takođe, mnogesituacije iz svakodnevne farmaceutske prakse, koje uključuju etičko pitanje, poredprofesionalnog rasuđivanja i procene uključuju i razmatranja o vrednostima, pravima iodgovornostima.Iako su empirijska istraživanja o etičkoj orijentaciji kod farmaceuta veoma maloprisutna u literarnom korpusu, većina studija pokazala je da se u osnovi etosafarmaceutske profesije nalaze dva najstarija etička principa, ne naškoditi i dobročinstvo,kao i briga o zaštiti prava pacijenata. Iz prethodnih studija je poznato da su etičkapitanja s kojima se suočavaju farmaceuti povezana sa kršenjem zakona, alokacijomresursa, komunikacijom sa pacijentima i timskim radom sa ostalim zdravstvenimradnicima. U ovim istraživanjima pokazano je da su farmaceuti demonstrirali svesnostkada se radi o etičkim pitanjima iz svakodnevnog rada, ali za razliku od drugihzdravstvenih radnika, koristili su pristup zdravog razuma i posvećenost zakonskim iprofesionalnim obavezama, u većoj meri nego normativne principe ili Etički kodeks.Broj validiranih instrumenata za izvođenje empirijske analize u profesionalnojfarmaceutskoj etici je limitiran. S obzirom da raste broj etičkih pitanja sa kojima sesusreću farmaceuti, javlja potreba za njihovim istraživanjem u uslovima javnih apoteka...
AB  - Intensive technological, informational and biomedical progress bring novel ethicalchallenges to work surroundings of today`s pharmacists. Ethical issues are inevitablyconnected to the practice of pharmacy, and they comprise all the problems that arisewhen providing pharmacy services which might have an ethical component.Pharmacists deal with and resolve ethical issues in situations when they are required tomake decisions which would have a direct or indirect impact on the rights and/or wellbeingof other people (patients, colleagues, etc.). Therefore, the delivery of pharmacists’services must be performed at the meeting point of ethical, professional and legalregulations. In addition, many situations in the pharmaceutical practice compriseconsiderations of values, rights and responsibilities as well.In contrast to other areas of healthcare, relatively little is known about the application ofthese principles to ethical issues related to a pharmacy practice, and which pharmacistsmust deal with in their everyday work. Although the empirical findings of the ethicalorientation among pharmacists are scanty and most studies indicate that the core ethosunderlying the pharmacy profession comprises: best interest of patients (patient welfare)and patient rights. Based on some previous studies, it has been known that ethical issuesfaced by pharmacists are related to violations of rules and regulations, resourceallocation, patient communication, and teamwork with other health professionals. Thosestudies have shown that pharmacists demonstrate awareness when it comes to ethicalissues in their everyday work. However, in contrast to other health workers, they haveused the approach of the common sense and the commitment to legal and professionalobligations to a greater extent than the normative principles or the Code of Ethics. Thenumber of validated instruments for performing an empirical analysis in professionalpharmaceutical ethics has been limited. Given the growing number of ethical issuesfaced by pharmacists, the need has arisen for their research within the communitypharmacies` setting...
PB  - Универзитет у Београду, Фармацеутски факултет
T2  - Универзитет у Београду
T1  - Razvoj i primena instrumenata za procenu učestalosti i stepena težine etičkih pitanja koja se javljaju u farmaceutskoj praksi javnih apoteka u Srbiji
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_nardus_10584
ER  - 

@phdthesis{
author = "Crnjanski, Tatjana D.",
year = "2018",
abstract = "Farmaceuti danas rade u uslovima intenzivnog tehnološkog, informatičkog ibiomedicinskog napretka koji njihovom profesionalnom radu donose nove etičkeizazove. Etička pitanja su neizbežno povezana sa farmaceutskom praksom i mnogiproblemi koji se javljaju prilikom pružanja farmaceutskih usluga mogu da sadrže etičkukomponentu. Farmaceuti rešavaju etička pitanja u situacijama kada se od njih zahtevada donesu odluku koja će imati direktno ili indirektno uticaja na prava i/ili dobrobitdrugih ljudi (pacijenta, kolega, i sl.). Pružanje farmaceutske zdravstvene zaštite seobavlja u intersekciji etičkih, profesionalnih i zakonskih propisa. Takođe, mnogesituacije iz svakodnevne farmaceutske prakse, koje uključuju etičko pitanje, poredprofesionalnog rasuđivanja i procene uključuju i razmatranja o vrednostima, pravima iodgovornostima.Iako su empirijska istraživanja o etičkoj orijentaciji kod farmaceuta veoma maloprisutna u literarnom korpusu, većina studija pokazala je da se u osnovi etosafarmaceutske profesije nalaze dva najstarija etička principa, ne naškoditi i dobročinstvo,kao i briga o zaštiti prava pacijenata. Iz prethodnih studija je poznato da su etičkapitanja s kojima se suočavaju farmaceuti povezana sa kršenjem zakona, alokacijomresursa, komunikacijom sa pacijentima i timskim radom sa ostalim zdravstvenimradnicima. U ovim istraživanjima pokazano je da su farmaceuti demonstrirali svesnostkada se radi o etičkim pitanjima iz svakodnevnog rada, ali za razliku od drugihzdravstvenih radnika, koristili su pristup zdravog razuma i posvećenost zakonskim iprofesionalnim obavezama, u većoj meri nego normativne principe ili Etički kodeks.Broj validiranih instrumenata za izvođenje empirijske analize u profesionalnojfarmaceutskoj etici je limitiran. S obzirom da raste broj etičkih pitanja sa kojima sesusreću farmaceuti, javlja potreba za njihovim istraživanjem u uslovima javnih apoteka..., Intensive technological, informational and biomedical progress bring novel ethicalchallenges to work surroundings of today`s pharmacists. Ethical issues are inevitablyconnected to the practice of pharmacy, and they comprise all the problems that arisewhen providing pharmacy services which might have an ethical component.Pharmacists deal with and resolve ethical issues in situations when they are required tomake decisions which would have a direct or indirect impact on the rights and/or wellbeingof other people (patients, colleagues, etc.). Therefore, the delivery of pharmacists’services must be performed at the meeting point of ethical, professional and legalregulations. In addition, many situations in the pharmaceutical practice compriseconsiderations of values, rights and responsibilities as well.In contrast to other areas of healthcare, relatively little is known about the application ofthese principles to ethical issues related to a pharmacy practice, and which pharmacistsmust deal with in their everyday work. Although the empirical findings of the ethicalorientation among pharmacists are scanty and most studies indicate that the core ethosunderlying the pharmacy profession comprises: best interest of patients (patient welfare)and patient rights. Based on some previous studies, it has been known that ethical issuesfaced by pharmacists are related to violations of rules and regulations, resourceallocation, patient communication, and teamwork with other health professionals. Thosestudies have shown that pharmacists demonstrate awareness when it comes to ethicalissues in their everyday work. However, in contrast to other health workers, they haveused the approach of the common sense and the commitment to legal and professionalobligations to a greater extent than the normative principles or the Code of Ethics. Thenumber of validated instruments for performing an empirical analysis in professionalpharmaceutical ethics has been limited. Given the growing number of ethical issuesfaced by pharmacists, the need has arisen for their research within the communitypharmacies` setting...",
publisher = "Универзитет у Београду, Фармацеутски факултет",
journal = "Универзитет у Београду",
title = "Razvoj i primena instrumenata za procenu učestalosti i stepena težine etičkih pitanja koja se javljaju u farmaceutskoj praksi javnih apoteka u Srbiji",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_nardus_10584"
}

Crnjanski, T. D.. (2018). Razvoj i primena instrumenata za procenu učestalosti i stepena težine etičkih pitanja koja se javljaju u farmaceutskoj praksi javnih apoteka u Srbiji. in Универзитет у Београду
Универзитет у Београду, Фармацеутски факултет..
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_nardus_10584

Crnjanski TD. Razvoj i primena instrumenata za procenu učestalosti i stepena težine etičkih pitanja koja se javljaju u farmaceutskoj praksi javnih apoteka u Srbiji. in Универзитет у Београду. 2018;.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_nardus_10584 .

Crnjanski, Tatjana D., "Razvoj i primena instrumenata za procenu učestalosti i stepena težine etičkih pitanja koja se javljaju u farmaceutskoj praksi javnih apoteka u Srbiji" in Универзитет у Београду (2018),
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_nardus_10584 .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Crnjanski, Tatjana
AU  - Krajnović, Dušanka
AU  - Tadić, Ivana
AU  - Stojkov, Svetlana
AU  - Savić, Mirko
PY  - 2016
UR  - https://farfar.pharmacy.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/2599
AB  - Many problems that arise when providing pharmacy services may contain some ethical components and the aims of this study were to develop and validate a scale that could assess difficulties of ethical issues, as well as the frequency of those occurrences in everyday practice of community pharmacists. Development and validation of the scale was conducted in three phases: (1) generating items for the initial survey instrument after qualitative analysis; (2) defining the design and format of the instrument; (3) validation of the instrument. The constructed Ethical Issue scale for community pharmacy setting has two parts containing the same 16 items for assessing the difficulty and frequency thereof. The results of the 171 completely filled out scales were analyzed (response rate 74.89 %). The Cronbach's alpha value of the part of the instrument that examines difficulties of the ethical situations was 0.83 and for the part of the instrument that examined frequency of the ethical situations was 0.84. Test-retest reliability for both parts of the instrument was satisfactory with all Interclass correlation coefficient (ICC) values above 0.6, (for the part that examines severity ICC = 0.809, for the part that examines frequency ICC = 0.929). The 16-item scale, as a self assessment tool, demonstrated a high degree of content, criterion, and construct validity and test-retest reliability. The results support its use as a research tool to asses difficulty and frequency of ethical issues in community pharmacy setting. The validated scale needs to be further employed on a larger sample of pharmacists.
PB  - Springer
T2  - Science and Engineering Ethics
T1  - An Ethical Issue Scale for Community Pharmacy Setting (EISP): Development and Validation
VL  - 22
IS  - 2
SP  - 497
EP  - 508
DO  - 10.1007/s11948-014-9587-z
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Crnjanski, Tatjana and Krajnović, Dušanka and Tadić, Ivana and Stojkov, Svetlana and Savić, Mirko",
year = "2016",
abstract = "Many problems that arise when providing pharmacy services may contain some ethical components and the aims of this study were to develop and validate a scale that could assess difficulties of ethical issues, as well as the frequency of those occurrences in everyday practice of community pharmacists. Development and validation of the scale was conducted in three phases: (1) generating items for the initial survey instrument after qualitative analysis; (2) defining the design and format of the instrument; (3) validation of the instrument. The constructed Ethical Issue scale for community pharmacy setting has two parts containing the same 16 items for assessing the difficulty and frequency thereof. The results of the 171 completely filled out scales were analyzed (response rate 74.89 %). The Cronbach's alpha value of the part of the instrument that examines difficulties of the ethical situations was 0.83 and for the part of the instrument that examined frequency of the ethical situations was 0.84. Test-retest reliability for both parts of the instrument was satisfactory with all Interclass correlation coefficient (ICC) values above 0.6, (for the part that examines severity ICC = 0.809, for the part that examines frequency ICC = 0.929). The 16-item scale, as a self assessment tool, demonstrated a high degree of content, criterion, and construct validity and test-retest reliability. The results support its use as a research tool to asses difficulty and frequency of ethical issues in community pharmacy setting. The validated scale needs to be further employed on a larger sample of pharmacists.",
publisher = "Springer",
journal = "Science and Engineering Ethics",
title = "An Ethical Issue Scale for Community Pharmacy Setting (EISP): Development and Validation",
volume = "22",
number = "2",
pages = "497-508",
doi = "10.1007/s11948-014-9587-z"
}

Crnjanski, T., Krajnović, D., Tadić, I., Stojkov, S.,& Savić, M.. (2016). An Ethical Issue Scale for Community Pharmacy Setting (EISP): Development and Validation. in Science and Engineering Ethics
Springer., 22(2), 497-508.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11948-014-9587-z

Crnjanski T, Krajnović D, Tadić I, Stojkov S, Savić M. An Ethical Issue Scale for Community Pharmacy Setting (EISP): Development and Validation. in Science and Engineering Ethics. 2016;22(2):497-508.
doi:10.1007/s11948-014-9587-z .

Crnjanski, Tatjana, Krajnović, Dušanka, Tadić, Ivana, Stojkov, Svetlana, Savić, Mirko, "An Ethical Issue Scale for Community Pharmacy Setting (EISP): Development and Validation" in Science and Engineering Ethics, 22, no. 2 (2016):497-508,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11948-014-9587-z . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Stojkov, Svetlana
AU  - Tadić, Ivana
AU  - Crnjanski, Tatjana
AU  - Krajnović, Dušanka
PY  - 2016
UR  - https://farfar.pharmacy.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/2614
AB  - Background/Aim. Pharmacists' competence represents a dynamic framework of knowledge, skills and abilities to carry out tasks, and it reflects on improving the quality of life and on patients' health. One of the documents for the Evaluation and Competency Development of Pharmacists is the Global Competency Framework (GbCF). The aim of this study was to implement the GBCF document into Serbian pharmacies, to perform assessment and self assessment of the competencies. Methods. The assessment and self-assessment of pharmacists' competencies were performed during the period 2012-13 year in eight community pharmacy chains, in seven cities in Serbia. For assessment and self-assessment of pharmacists competencies the GbCF model was applied, which was adjusted to pharmaceutical practice and legislation in Serbia. External assessment was conducted by teams of pharmacists using the structured observation of the work of pharmacists during regular working hours. Evaluated pharmacists filled out the questionnaire about demographic indicators about the pharmacist and the pharmacy where they work. Results. A total of 123 pharmacists were evaluated. Pharmacists' Professional Competency Cluster (KK1) had the lowest score (average value 2.98), while the cluster Management and Organizational Competency (KK2) had the highest score (average value 3.15). The competence Recognition of the Diagnosis and Patient Counseling (K8), which belonged to the cluster KK1, had the lowest score (average value for assessment and self-assessment were 2.09, and 2.34, respectively) among the all evaluated competencies. Conclusion. GbCF might be considered as an instrument for the competencies' evaluation/self-evaluation and their improvement, accordingly.
AB  - Uvod/Cilj. Kompetencije farmaceuta predstavljaju dinamični okvir i obuhvataju znanja, veštine i sposobnosti da se izvrše zadaci sa ciljem unapređenja kvaliteta života i zdravlja bolesnika. Jedan od dokumenata za ocenu i razvoj kompetencija farmaceuta je globalni okvir stručnosti - Global Competence Framework (GbCF). Cilj ovog rada bio je primena GbCF u apotekama u Srbiji i ocena i samoocena kompetencije farmaceuta. Metode. U periodu 2012-2013. godine izvršena je ocena i samoocena kompetencije farmaceuta u osam apotekarskih lanaca iz sedam gradova u Srbiji. Za ocenu i samoocenu stručnosti farmaceuta primenjen je model GbCF, prilagođen praksi i zakonodavstvu u Srbiji. Eksternu ocenu izvršili su timovi farmaceuta kroz strukturiranu opservaciju (upotrebom GbCF dokumenta) kompetencija farmaceuta tokom radnog vremena. Ocenjivani farmaceuti su popunili i upitnik o demografskim pokazateljima koji su se odnosili na podatke o samom farmaceutu i apoteci u kojoj radi. Rezultati. Ocenjena su ukupno 123 farmaceuta. Najviša ocena kompetencija farmaceuta zabeležena je za skup 'Upravljanje i organizacija' (KK2) (srednja vrednost 3,15), dok je skup 'Stručno znanje' (KK1) (srednja vrednost 2,98) ocenjen najnižom ocenom. Kompetencija K8 - 'Prepoznavanje dijagnoze i savetovanje bolesnika', koje pripadaju skupu KK1, imale su najniži skor (srednja vrednost u proceni i samoproceni iznosila je 2,09 i 2,34, respektivno) posmatrajući sve, kompetencije. Zaključak. Dokument za ocenu i razvoj kompetencija farmaceuta GbCF može služiti kao instrument za ocenu/samoocenu kompetencije, a samim tim i za njihovo poboljšanje.
PB  - Vojnomedicinska akademija - Institut za naučne informacije, Beograd
T2  - Vojnosanitetski pregled
T1  - Assessment and self-assessment of the pharmacists' competencies using the global competency framework (GbCF) in Serbia
T1  - Ocena i samoocena kompetencija farmaceuta u Srbiji korišćenjem globalnog okvira kompetencija
VL  - 73
IS  - 9
SP  - 803
EP  - 810
DO  - 10.2298/VSP140728040S
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Stojkov, Svetlana and Tadić, Ivana and Crnjanski, Tatjana and Krajnović, Dušanka",
year = "2016",
abstract = "Background/Aim. Pharmacists' competence represents a dynamic framework of knowledge, skills and abilities to carry out tasks, and it reflects on improving the quality of life and on patients' health. One of the documents for the Evaluation and Competency Development of Pharmacists is the Global Competency Framework (GbCF). The aim of this study was to implement the GBCF document into Serbian pharmacies, to perform assessment and self assessment of the competencies. Methods. The assessment and self-assessment of pharmacists' competencies were performed during the period 2012-13 year in eight community pharmacy chains, in seven cities in Serbia. For assessment and self-assessment of pharmacists competencies the GbCF model was applied, which was adjusted to pharmaceutical practice and legislation in Serbia. External assessment was conducted by teams of pharmacists using the structured observation of the work of pharmacists during regular working hours. Evaluated pharmacists filled out the questionnaire about demographic indicators about the pharmacist and the pharmacy where they work. Results. A total of 123 pharmacists were evaluated. Pharmacists' Professional Competency Cluster (KK1) had the lowest score (average value 2.98), while the cluster Management and Organizational Competency (KK2) had the highest score (average value 3.15). The competence Recognition of the Diagnosis and Patient Counseling (K8), which belonged to the cluster KK1, had the lowest score (average value for assessment and self-assessment were 2.09, and 2.34, respectively) among the all evaluated competencies. Conclusion. GbCF might be considered as an instrument for the competencies' evaluation/self-evaluation and their improvement, accordingly., Uvod/Cilj. Kompetencije farmaceuta predstavljaju dinamični okvir i obuhvataju znanja, veštine i sposobnosti da se izvrše zadaci sa ciljem unapređenja kvaliteta života i zdravlja bolesnika. Jedan od dokumenata za ocenu i razvoj kompetencija farmaceuta je globalni okvir stručnosti - Global Competence Framework (GbCF). Cilj ovog rada bio je primena GbCF u apotekama u Srbiji i ocena i samoocena kompetencije farmaceuta. Metode. U periodu 2012-2013. godine izvršena je ocena i samoocena kompetencije farmaceuta u osam apotekarskih lanaca iz sedam gradova u Srbiji. Za ocenu i samoocenu stručnosti farmaceuta primenjen je model GbCF, prilagođen praksi i zakonodavstvu u Srbiji. Eksternu ocenu izvršili su timovi farmaceuta kroz strukturiranu opservaciju (upotrebom GbCF dokumenta) kompetencija farmaceuta tokom radnog vremena. Ocenjivani farmaceuti su popunili i upitnik o demografskim pokazateljima koji su se odnosili na podatke o samom farmaceutu i apoteci u kojoj radi. Rezultati. Ocenjena su ukupno 123 farmaceuta. Najviša ocena kompetencija farmaceuta zabeležena je za skup 'Upravljanje i organizacija' (KK2) (srednja vrednost 3,15), dok je skup 'Stručno znanje' (KK1) (srednja vrednost 2,98) ocenjen najnižom ocenom. Kompetencija K8 - 'Prepoznavanje dijagnoze i savetovanje bolesnika', koje pripadaju skupu KK1, imale su najniži skor (srednja vrednost u proceni i samoproceni iznosila je 2,09 i 2,34, respektivno) posmatrajući sve, kompetencije. Zaključak. Dokument za ocenu i razvoj kompetencija farmaceuta GbCF može služiti kao instrument za ocenu/samoocenu kompetencije, a samim tim i za njihovo poboljšanje.",
publisher = "Vojnomedicinska akademija - Institut za naučne informacije, Beograd",
journal = "Vojnosanitetski pregled",
title = "Assessment and self-assessment of the pharmacists' competencies using the global competency framework (GbCF) in Serbia, Ocena i samoocena kompetencija farmaceuta u Srbiji korišćenjem globalnog okvira kompetencija",
volume = "73",
number = "9",
pages = "803-810",
doi = "10.2298/VSP140728040S"
}

Stojkov, S., Tadić, I., Crnjanski, T.,& Krajnović, D.. (2016). Assessment and self-assessment of the pharmacists' competencies using the global competency framework (GbCF) in Serbia. in Vojnosanitetski pregled
Vojnomedicinska akademija - Institut za naučne informacije, Beograd., 73(9), 803-810.
https://doi.org/10.2298/VSP140728040S

Stojkov S, Tadić I, Crnjanski T, Krajnović D. Assessment and self-assessment of the pharmacists' competencies using the global competency framework (GbCF) in Serbia. in Vojnosanitetski pregled. 2016;73(9):803-810.
doi:10.2298/VSP140728040S .

Stojkov, Svetlana, Tadić, Ivana, Crnjanski, Tatjana, Krajnović, Dušanka, "Assessment and self-assessment of the pharmacists' competencies using the global competency framework (GbCF) in Serbia" in Vojnosanitetski pregled, 73, no. 9 (2016):803-810,
https://doi.org/10.2298/VSP140728040S . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Stojkov, Svetlana
AU  - Tadić, Ivana
AU  - Crnjanski, Tatjana
AU  - Krajnović, Dušanka
AU  - Bates, Ian
PY  - 2014
UR  - https://farfar.pharmacy.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/4207
AB  - The General Level Framework (GLF) document provides a model to be used in evaluating
and upgrading of pharmacists’ competences currently used in many countries. This
study has several Objectives: To show the adaptation process of the GLF document
to the Serbian pharmaceutical work practices and regulations; to illustrate the
implementation of the GLF document; to evaluate and monitor the development of
pharmacists’ competencies. Materials and Methods: The adaptation, analysis, validation
and adjustment of the GLF document were conducted using the expert panel method.
The implementation was conducted on a sample of pharmacists employed in Subotica
Pharmacy chain. Later, the evaluation of the pharmacists’ competencies was performed
at two observation points (at the beginning of the study and after 6 months) by the team
of seven GLF members. Results and Discussion: The GLF document was reviewed by
14 members of the expert panel. During the content validation performed at the expert
panel meeting, all competencies stated in the GLF document were rated according to
their importance with an average grade of between 8.26 and 9.80 and thus reached
a consensus regarding all 26 competencies. During the evaluation of the pharmacists’
competences, the greatest improvement after the second observation was noted in the
“Patient consent” competency, followed by the “Drug history”, “The prescription is
legal“, “Health needs”, “Provision of written information” and “Assessing outcomes of
contributions” competencies. All the competencies in the GLF document were accepted
for the implementation in the Subotica Pharmacy chain. Six of the competencies there
was a significant improvement observe
PB  - Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research
T2  - Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education
T1  - Evaluation of Competences at the Community Pharmacy Settings
VL  - 48
IS  - 4
DO  - 10.5530/ijper.48.4.4
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Stojkov, Svetlana and Tadić, Ivana and Crnjanski, Tatjana and Krajnović, Dušanka and Bates, Ian",
year = "2014",
abstract = "The General Level Framework (GLF) document provides a model to be used in evaluating
and upgrading of pharmacists’ competences currently used in many countries. This
study has several Objectives: To show the adaptation process of the GLF document
to the Serbian pharmaceutical work practices and regulations; to illustrate the
implementation of the GLF document; to evaluate and monitor the development of
pharmacists’ competencies. Materials and Methods: The adaptation, analysis, validation
and adjustment of the GLF document were conducted using the expert panel method.
The implementation was conducted on a sample of pharmacists employed in Subotica
Pharmacy chain. Later, the evaluation of the pharmacists’ competencies was performed
at two observation points (at the beginning of the study and after 6 months) by the team
of seven GLF members. Results and Discussion: The GLF document was reviewed by
14 members of the expert panel. During the content validation performed at the expert
panel meeting, all competencies stated in the GLF document were rated according to
their importance with an average grade of between 8.26 and 9.80 and thus reached
a consensus regarding all 26 competencies. During the evaluation of the pharmacists’
competences, the greatest improvement after the second observation was noted in the
“Patient consent” competency, followed by the “Drug history”, “The prescription is
legal“, “Health needs”, “Provision of written information” and “Assessing outcomes of
contributions” competencies. All the competencies in the GLF document were accepted
for the implementation in the Subotica Pharmacy chain. Six of the competencies there
was a significant improvement observe",
publisher = "Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research",
journal = "Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education",
title = "Evaluation of Competences at the Community Pharmacy Settings",
volume = "48",
number = "4",
doi = "10.5530/ijper.48.4.4"
}

Stojkov, S., Tadić, I., Crnjanski, T., Krajnović, D.,& Bates, I.. (2014). Evaluation of Competences at the Community Pharmacy Settings. in Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education
Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research., 48(4).
https://doi.org/10.5530/ijper.48.4.4

Stojkov S, Tadić I, Crnjanski T, Krajnović D, Bates I. Evaluation of Competences at the Community Pharmacy Settings. in Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education. 2014;48(4).
doi:10.5530/ijper.48.4.4 .

Stojkov, Svetlana, Tadić, Ivana, Crnjanski, Tatjana, Krajnović, Dušanka, Bates, Ian, "Evaluation of Competences at the Community Pharmacy Settings" in Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, 48, no. 4 (2014),
https://doi.org/10.5530/ijper.48.4.4 . .

TY  - CONF
AU  - Stojkov Rudinski, Svetlana
AU  - Tadić, Ivana
AU  - Crnjanski, Tatjana
AU  - Krajnović, Dušanka
PY  - 2012
UR  - https://farfar.pharmacy.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/4231
AB  - Uvod: Razvoj kompetencija farmaceuta predstavlja važan preduslov kvalitetne i bezbedne farmaceutske zdravstvene zaštite. Procena i samoprocena kompetencija farmaceuta može se vršiti uz primenu General Level Framework (GLF) dokumenta, koga je izradila međunarodna grupa eksperata Competency Development and Evaluation Group (CoDEG). Primenjujući svetska iskustva u primeni ovog alata, u Apoteci Subotica sprovedena je procena i samoprocena stručnih kompetencija farmaceuta. 
Ciljevi: Potvrditi mogućnost primene ovog dokumenta za procenu, samoprocenu i razvoj kompetencija farmaceuta u javnim apotekama u Srbiji, analizom promena nivoa procenjenih kompetencija nakon studije intervencije, varijacije nivoa samoprocena i varijabilnosti kompetencija. 
Metode: Primenom GLF dokumenta, 32 farmaceuta procenjeno je struktuiranim posmatranjem pri pružanju farmaceutske zdravstvene zaštite. Ocenjivanje je sproveo obučen GLF tim, ocenjivanjem 26 specifičnih pokazatelja stručnih kompetencija farmaceuta na skali od 1 do 4. Ocenjivanje je ponovljeno nakon studije intervencije (planska edukacija i sistemska podrška razvoju kompetencija) tokom osam meseci. 
Rezultati: Analizom dobijenih podataka utvrđen je porast svih kompetencija između dva ocenjivanja (od 0,03 do 1,69), osim kod kompetencija koje su bile ocenjene najvišom ocenom u prvom krugu. Nivoi varijabilnosti kompetencija su se u prvom krugu kretale od 0 do 0,54, a u drugom krugu od 0 do 0,44. Kod većeg broja kompetencija nije uočena značajna razlika između ocena GLF tima i samoprocena farmaceuta.
Zaključak: Dobijeni rezultati ukazuju da je GLF efikasan alat za procenu i samoprocenu nivoa kompetencija farmaceuta u javnoj apoteci. Njegovom primenom u apoteci Subotica kroz planske edukacije uočen je porast kompetencija, a ocene sopstvenih kompetentnosti i nivoi varijabilnosti kompetencija, ukazuju na potrebu daljeg usaglašavanja i konzistentnosti u kriterijumima i radu farmaceuta.
PB  - Beograd: Farmaceutski fakultet Univerziteta u Beogradu
C3  - Zbornik radova simpozijuma "Zdravstveni ishodi & socijalna farmacija" / II naučni simpozijum Farmaceutskog fakulteta, 14. septembar 2012
T1  - Primena GLF dokumenta za procenu i samporocenu kompetencija farmaceuta u Apoteci Subotica
SP  - 86
EP  - 87
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_farfar_4231
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Stojkov Rudinski, Svetlana and Tadić, Ivana and Crnjanski, Tatjana and Krajnović, Dušanka",
year = "2012",
abstract = "Uvod: Razvoj kompetencija farmaceuta predstavlja važan preduslov kvalitetne i bezbedne farmaceutske zdravstvene zaštite. Procena i samoprocena kompetencija farmaceuta može se vršiti uz primenu General Level Framework (GLF) dokumenta, koga je izradila međunarodna grupa eksperata Competency Development and Evaluation Group (CoDEG). Primenjujući svetska iskustva u primeni ovog alata, u Apoteci Subotica sprovedena je procena i samoprocena stručnih kompetencija farmaceuta. 
Ciljevi: Potvrditi mogućnost primene ovog dokumenta za procenu, samoprocenu i razvoj kompetencija farmaceuta u javnim apotekama u Srbiji, analizom promena nivoa procenjenih kompetencija nakon studije intervencije, varijacije nivoa samoprocena i varijabilnosti kompetencija. 
Metode: Primenom GLF dokumenta, 32 farmaceuta procenjeno je struktuiranim posmatranjem pri pružanju farmaceutske zdravstvene zaštite. Ocenjivanje je sproveo obučen GLF tim, ocenjivanjem 26 specifičnih pokazatelja stručnih kompetencija farmaceuta na skali od 1 do 4. Ocenjivanje je ponovljeno nakon studije intervencije (planska edukacija i sistemska podrška razvoju kompetencija) tokom osam meseci. 
Rezultati: Analizom dobijenih podataka utvrđen je porast svih kompetencija između dva ocenjivanja (od 0,03 do 1,69), osim kod kompetencija koje su bile ocenjene najvišom ocenom u prvom krugu. Nivoi varijabilnosti kompetencija su se u prvom krugu kretale od 0 do 0,54, a u drugom krugu od 0 do 0,44. Kod većeg broja kompetencija nije uočena značajna razlika između ocena GLF tima i samoprocena farmaceuta.
Zaključak: Dobijeni rezultati ukazuju da je GLF efikasan alat za procenu i samoprocenu nivoa kompetencija farmaceuta u javnoj apoteci. Njegovom primenom u apoteci Subotica kroz planske edukacije uočen je porast kompetencija, a ocene sopstvenih kompetentnosti i nivoi varijabilnosti kompetencija, ukazuju na potrebu daljeg usaglašavanja i konzistentnosti u kriterijumima i radu farmaceuta.",
publisher = "Beograd: Farmaceutski fakultet Univerziteta u Beogradu",
journal = "Zbornik radova simpozijuma "Zdravstveni ishodi & socijalna farmacija" / II naučni simpozijum Farmaceutskog fakulteta, 14. septembar 2012",
title = "Primena GLF dokumenta za procenu i samporocenu kompetencija farmaceuta u Apoteci Subotica",
pages = "86-87",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_farfar_4231"
}

Stojkov Rudinski, S., Tadić, I., Crnjanski, T.,& Krajnović, D.. (2012). Primena GLF dokumenta za procenu i samporocenu kompetencija farmaceuta u Apoteci Subotica. in Zbornik radova simpozijuma "Zdravstveni ishodi & socijalna farmacija" / II naučni simpozijum Farmaceutskog fakulteta, 14. septembar 2012
Beograd: Farmaceutski fakultet Univerziteta u Beogradu., 86-87.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_farfar_4231

Stojkov Rudinski S, Tadić I, Crnjanski T, Krajnović D. Primena GLF dokumenta za procenu i samporocenu kompetencija farmaceuta u Apoteci Subotica. in Zbornik radova simpozijuma "Zdravstveni ishodi & socijalna farmacija" / II naučni simpozijum Farmaceutskog fakulteta, 14. septembar 2012. 2012;:86-87.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_farfar_4231 .

Stojkov Rudinski, Svetlana, Tadić, Ivana, Crnjanski, Tatjana, Krajnović, Dušanka, "Primena GLF dokumenta za procenu i samporocenu kompetencija farmaceuta u Apoteci Subotica" in Zbornik radova simpozijuma "Zdravstveni ishodi & socijalna farmacija" / II naučni simpozijum Farmaceutskog fakulteta, 14. septembar 2012 (2012):86-87,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_farfar_4231 .

TY  - CONF
AU  - Crnjanski, Tatjana
AU  - Krajnović, Dušanka
AU  - Stojkov Rudinski, Svetlana
AU  - Tadić, Ivana
AU  - Malagurski, Aleksandar
PY  - 2012
UR  - https://farfar.pharmacy.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/4230
AB  - Uvod: Farmaceuti su, kao i ostali zdravstveni radnici, izloženi brojnim etičkim problemima tokom svakodnevnog rada koji moraju biti razmatrani sa velikom pažnjom. Međutim, u poređenju sa ostalim zdravstvenim profesijama, veoma malo se zna o etičkim problemima (dilemama) u kojima postupanje farmaceuta može imati direktan uticaj na živote i zdravlje, a ne samo na dobrobit drugih ljudi. Prvi rezultati studije (koja se radi na nacionalnim osnovama i koja je u toku), identifikovali su pet kategorija problema koje sadrže etičke dileme i dovode do moralne uznemirenosti farmaceuta u javnim apotekama Republike Srbije. 
Cilj: Cilj rada je analiza variranja moralne uznemirenosti u vezi sa pojedinim etičkim problemima iz farmaceutske prakse.
Metode: Studija preseka je sprovedena u periodu maj-juni 2012. godine u apoteci Subotica sa namenski kreiranim struktuiranim upitnikom. Upitnik je uključio 16 etičkih situacija iz pet kategorija problema koji su u vezi sa: (1) resursima za obavljanje farmaceutske prakse; (2) izdavanjem lekova; (3) pravilima struke; (4) sukobima vrednosti i (5) komunikacijom. Situacije su procenjivane prema stepenu uznemirenosti na petostepenoj Likertovoj skali od (1 - nije problematično do 5 - izuzetno problematično). Upitnik je poslat poštom svim licenciranim farmaceutima Apoteke Subotica (40). Studija je odobrena od strane Etičkog odbora Apoteke Subotica i Farmaceutske Komore Srbije. Popunjavanje je bilo dobrovoljno, uz garantovanu anonimnost. 
Rezultati: Tridesetšest farmaceuta je ispunilo upitnik (stepen odgovora 92,3%). Prosečna starost ispitanika je 42,8 godina, među kojima je dominanto ženski pol (97,22%). Najizrazitije varijanse u odgovorima farmaceuta odnose se na sledeće etičke problematične situacije kada: zbog zakonskih ograničenja, ne postoji mogućnost da pacijentu bude izdat lek  (σ²=1,27); farmaceut treba da proda marketinški promovisan dijetetski suplement (σ²=1,20); treba dovesti sopstvenu kompetentnost u pitanje zbog dobrobiti pacijenta  (σ²=1,16).
Zaključak: Na osnovu vrednosti varijansi izdvajaju se etički problemi koji izazivaju različit stepen moralne uznemirenosti („osećaj za etički problem“) kod farmaceuta, što može da uzrokuje potencijalno različito ponašanje u realnoj apotekarskoj praksi. Neophodno je edukovati farmaceute iz ove oblasti i nastaviti istraživanja ovih fenomena, radi unapređenja farmaceutske prakse i kompetentnosti farmaceuta.
PB  - Beograd: Farmaceutski fakultet Univerziteta u Beogradu
C3  - Zbornik radova simpozijuma "Zdravstveni ishodi & socijalna farmacija" / II naučni simpozijum Farmaceutskog fakulteta, 14. septembar 2012
T1  - Da li imamo različit „osećaj“ za etičke probleme u praksi? - iskustva farmaceuta iz Apoteke Subotica
SP  - 82
EP  - 83
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_farfar_4230
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Crnjanski, Tatjana and Krajnović, Dušanka and Stojkov Rudinski, Svetlana and Tadić, Ivana and Malagurski, Aleksandar",
year = "2012",
abstract = "Uvod: Farmaceuti su, kao i ostali zdravstveni radnici, izloženi brojnim etičkim problemima tokom svakodnevnog rada koji moraju biti razmatrani sa velikom pažnjom. Međutim, u poređenju sa ostalim zdravstvenim profesijama, veoma malo se zna o etičkim problemima (dilemama) u kojima postupanje farmaceuta može imati direktan uticaj na živote i zdravlje, a ne samo na dobrobit drugih ljudi. Prvi rezultati studije (koja se radi na nacionalnim osnovama i koja je u toku), identifikovali su pet kategorija problema koje sadrže etičke dileme i dovode do moralne uznemirenosti farmaceuta u javnim apotekama Republike Srbije. 
Cilj: Cilj rada je analiza variranja moralne uznemirenosti u vezi sa pojedinim etičkim problemima iz farmaceutske prakse.
Metode: Studija preseka je sprovedena u periodu maj-juni 2012. godine u apoteci Subotica sa namenski kreiranim struktuiranim upitnikom. Upitnik je uključio 16 etičkih situacija iz pet kategorija problema koji su u vezi sa: (1) resursima za obavljanje farmaceutske prakse; (2) izdavanjem lekova; (3) pravilima struke; (4) sukobima vrednosti i (5) komunikacijom. Situacije su procenjivane prema stepenu uznemirenosti na petostepenoj Likertovoj skali od (1 - nije problematično do 5 - izuzetno problematično). Upitnik je poslat poštom svim licenciranim farmaceutima Apoteke Subotica (40). Studija je odobrena od strane Etičkog odbora Apoteke Subotica i Farmaceutske Komore Srbije. Popunjavanje je bilo dobrovoljno, uz garantovanu anonimnost. 
Rezultati: Tridesetšest farmaceuta je ispunilo upitnik (stepen odgovora 92,3%). Prosečna starost ispitanika je 42,8 godina, među kojima je dominanto ženski pol (97,22%). Najizrazitije varijanse u odgovorima farmaceuta odnose se na sledeće etičke problematične situacije kada: zbog zakonskih ograničenja, ne postoji mogućnost da pacijentu bude izdat lek  (σ²=1,27); farmaceut treba da proda marketinški promovisan dijetetski suplement (σ²=1,20); treba dovesti sopstvenu kompetentnost u pitanje zbog dobrobiti pacijenta  (σ²=1,16).
Zaključak: Na osnovu vrednosti varijansi izdvajaju se etički problemi koji izazivaju različit stepen moralne uznemirenosti („osećaj za etički problem“) kod farmaceuta, što može da uzrokuje potencijalno različito ponašanje u realnoj apotekarskoj praksi. Neophodno je edukovati farmaceute iz ove oblasti i nastaviti istraživanja ovih fenomena, radi unapređenja farmaceutske prakse i kompetentnosti farmaceuta.",
publisher = "Beograd: Farmaceutski fakultet Univerziteta u Beogradu",
journal = "Zbornik radova simpozijuma "Zdravstveni ishodi & socijalna farmacija" / II naučni simpozijum Farmaceutskog fakulteta, 14. septembar 2012",
title = "Da li imamo različit „osećaj“ za etičke probleme u praksi? - iskustva farmaceuta iz Apoteke Subotica",
pages = "82-83",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_farfar_4230"
}

Crnjanski, T., Krajnović, D., Stojkov Rudinski, S., Tadić, I.,& Malagurski, A.. (2012). Da li imamo različit „osećaj“ za etičke probleme u praksi? - iskustva farmaceuta iz Apoteke Subotica. in Zbornik radova simpozijuma "Zdravstveni ishodi & socijalna farmacija" / II naučni simpozijum Farmaceutskog fakulteta, 14. septembar 2012
Beograd: Farmaceutski fakultet Univerziteta u Beogradu., 82-83.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_farfar_4230

Crnjanski T, Krajnović D, Stojkov Rudinski S, Tadić I, Malagurski A. Da li imamo različit „osećaj“ za etičke probleme u praksi? - iskustva farmaceuta iz Apoteke Subotica. in Zbornik radova simpozijuma "Zdravstveni ishodi & socijalna farmacija" / II naučni simpozijum Farmaceutskog fakulteta, 14. septembar 2012. 2012;:82-83.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_farfar_4230 .

Crnjanski, Tatjana, Krajnović, Dušanka, Stojkov Rudinski, Svetlana, Tadić, Ivana, Malagurski, Aleksandar, "Da li imamo različit „osećaj“ za etičke probleme u praksi? - iskustva farmaceuta iz Apoteke Subotica" in Zbornik radova simpozijuma "Zdravstveni ishodi & socijalna farmacija" / II naučni simpozijum Farmaceutskog fakulteta, 14. septembar 2012 (2012):82-83,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_farfar_4230 .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Crnjanski, Tatjana
AU  - Krajnović, Dušanka
AU  - Stojkov-Rudinski, Svetlana
AU  - Tadić, Ivana
PY  - 2012
UR  - https://farfar.pharmacy.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1641
AB  - Background: Ethics represents an important aspect in the work of all pharmacists. This study reports the first results of a national survey supported by the Pharmaceutical Chamber of Serbia to identify and analyze ethical concerns and dilemmas in pharmacy practice. Aims and method: This paper explores: what community pharmacists experience as ethical dilemma which lids to moral distress and identification, analysis and classification of ethical dilemmas and moral distress. A qualitative approach using semi- structured interview was chosen. Interviews were conducted with a purposive sample (with regards to working experience, age, education, working location and employment status) of fourteen pharmacists from Northern Serbia. Results: Pharmacists employed in community pharmacies are exposed to ethical issues and moral distress in their everyday work. Analysis of the transcripts of the interviews identified different ethical dilemmas and moral distress which could be classified into five main themes. Analysis of the data of main thems revealed the emergence of subthemes. Conclusion: The results show the ethical dimension of moral distress. All ethical dilemmas and moral distress from the interviewees' statements may be classified into five categories. The research also raises questions about the effective education of pharmacists in the field of ethical issues.
PB  - Drunpp-Sarajevo, Sarajevo
T2  - HealthMed
T1  - Ethical dilemmas and moral distress in pharmacy: A qualitative study
VL  - 6
IS  - 7
SP  - 2485
EP  - 2493
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_farfar_1641
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Crnjanski, Tatjana and Krajnović, Dušanka and Stojkov-Rudinski, Svetlana and Tadić, Ivana",
year = "2012",
abstract = "Background: Ethics represents an important aspect in the work of all pharmacists. This study reports the first results of a national survey supported by the Pharmaceutical Chamber of Serbia to identify and analyze ethical concerns and dilemmas in pharmacy practice. Aims and method: This paper explores: what community pharmacists experience as ethical dilemma which lids to moral distress and identification, analysis and classification of ethical dilemmas and moral distress. A qualitative approach using semi- structured interview was chosen. Interviews were conducted with a purposive sample (with regards to working experience, age, education, working location and employment status) of fourteen pharmacists from Northern Serbia. Results: Pharmacists employed in community pharmacies are exposed to ethical issues and moral distress in their everyday work. Analysis of the transcripts of the interviews identified different ethical dilemmas and moral distress which could be classified into five main themes. Analysis of the data of main thems revealed the emergence of subthemes. Conclusion: The results show the ethical dimension of moral distress. All ethical dilemmas and moral distress from the interviewees' statements may be classified into five categories. The research also raises questions about the effective education of pharmacists in the field of ethical issues.",
publisher = "Drunpp-Sarajevo, Sarajevo",
journal = "HealthMed",
title = "Ethical dilemmas and moral distress in pharmacy: A qualitative study",
volume = "6",
number = "7",
pages = "2485-2493",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_farfar_1641"
}

Crnjanski, T., Krajnović, D., Stojkov-Rudinski, S.,& Tadić, I.. (2012). Ethical dilemmas and moral distress in pharmacy: A qualitative study. in HealthMed
Drunpp-Sarajevo, Sarajevo., 6(7), 2485-2493.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_farfar_1641

Crnjanski T, Krajnović D, Stojkov-Rudinski S, Tadić I. Ethical dilemmas and moral distress in pharmacy: A qualitative study. in HealthMed. 2012;6(7):2485-2493.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_farfar_1641 .

Crnjanski, Tatjana, Krajnović, Dušanka, Stojkov-Rudinski, Svetlana, Tadić, Ivana, "Ethical dilemmas and moral distress in pharmacy: A qualitative study" in HealthMed, 6, no. 7 (2012):2485-2493,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_farfar_1641 .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Stojkov-Rudinski, Svetlana
AU  - Tadić, Ivana
AU  - Crnjanski, Tatjana
AU  - Krajnović, Dušanka
PY  - 2012
UR  - https://farfar.pharmacy.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1780
AB  - The competency of a pharmacist is one of the fundamental preconditions for high quality pharmaceutical care provision. The General Lever Framework (GLF), which was developed by a group of British experts (Competency Development and Evaluation Group - CoDEG), represents a tool that allows definition, measurement and professional competences development of the pharmacist during pharmaceutical care provision. Community Pharmacy Subotica organized an expert panel in order to analyze, adapt and validate the GLF document, which would be relevant to pharmacy practice in Serbia. The aim of the paper is to present the adaptation process of the GLF document that could be used in community pharmacies in Serbia. Validation of the document was performed using the expert panel methodology. The document was analyzed in terms of relevance, comprehension, compliance with national regulation, and applicability in practice, through anonymous evaluation and discussion of the expert panel participants. Titles and descriptions of each competence (26 in total) were validated. The document for the competence assessment was adapted in accordance with the pharmacy practice and regulations in Serbia. All the competencies of the original document were accepted, with minor modifications in order to accommodate pharmaceutical practices and regulations in Serbia. GLF document, have shown satisfactory properties to be used in the pharmacy practice in Serbia, based on the adaptation carried out by the expert panel.
AB  - Kompetentnost farmaceuta jedan je od osnovnih preduslova za obezbeđivanje farmaceutske zaštite visokog kvaliteta. Okvir opšteg nivoa (eng. General Level Framework - GLF) koji je razvila grupa britanskih stručnjaka (eng. Competency Development and Evaluation Group - CoDEG) obuhvata odgovarajući upitnik i metode koje omogućavaju definisanje, procenu i razvoj stručne osposobljenosti farmaceuta u pružanju farmaceutske zdravstvene zaštite. U okviru Apoteke Subotica je iniciran i organizovan panel eksperata radi analize, adaptacije i validacije GLF dokumenta za primenu u javnim apotekama u Srbiji. U radu je dat prikaz adaptacije GLF dokumenta za primenu u javnim apotekama u Srbiji. Dokument je analiziran sa aspekta relevantnosti, razumljivosti, nacionalne regulative i primenljivosti u praksi putem anonimnih ocena i diskusije učesnika panela eksperata. Validirani su nazivi i opisi 26 kompetencija farmaceuta identifikovanih u hrvatskoj verziji originalnog dokumenta. Dokument za procenu kompetencija farmaceuta prilagođen je farmaceutskoj praksi i regulativi u Srbiji, pri čemu su, uz odgovarajuće, manje, izmene s ciljem prilagođavanja farmaceutskoj praksi i regulativi u Srbiji, prihvaćene sve kompetencije iz originalnog dokumenta. GLF dokument je, na osnovu adaptacije sprovedene od strane panela eksperata, pokazao zadovoljavajuće karakteristike za primenu u farmaceutskoj praksi u Srbiji.
PB  - Savez farmaceutskih udruženja Srbije, Beograd
T2  - Arhiv za farmaciju
T1  - Analysis, adaptation and validation of the instrument for the competence evaluation of the pharmacists in community pharmacies
T1  - Analiza, adaptacija i validacija dokumenta za procenu kompetencija farmaceuta
VL  - 62
IS  - 3
SP  - 208
EP  - 218
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_farfar_1780
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Stojkov-Rudinski, Svetlana and Tadić, Ivana and Crnjanski, Tatjana and Krajnović, Dušanka",
year = "2012",
abstract = "The competency of a pharmacist is one of the fundamental preconditions for high quality pharmaceutical care provision. The General Lever Framework (GLF), which was developed by a group of British experts (Competency Development and Evaluation Group - CoDEG), represents a tool that allows definition, measurement and professional competences development of the pharmacist during pharmaceutical care provision. Community Pharmacy Subotica organized an expert panel in order to analyze, adapt and validate the GLF document, which would be relevant to pharmacy practice in Serbia. The aim of the paper is to present the adaptation process of the GLF document that could be used in community pharmacies in Serbia. Validation of the document was performed using the expert panel methodology. The document was analyzed in terms of relevance, comprehension, compliance with national regulation, and applicability in practice, through anonymous evaluation and discussion of the expert panel participants. Titles and descriptions of each competence (26 in total) were validated. The document for the competence assessment was adapted in accordance with the pharmacy practice and regulations in Serbia. All the competencies of the original document were accepted, with minor modifications in order to accommodate pharmaceutical practices and regulations in Serbia. GLF document, have shown satisfactory properties to be used in the pharmacy practice in Serbia, based on the adaptation carried out by the expert panel., Kompetentnost farmaceuta jedan je od osnovnih preduslova za obezbeđivanje farmaceutske zaštite visokog kvaliteta. Okvir opšteg nivoa (eng. General Level Framework - GLF) koji je razvila grupa britanskih stručnjaka (eng. Competency Development and Evaluation Group - CoDEG) obuhvata odgovarajući upitnik i metode koje omogućavaju definisanje, procenu i razvoj stručne osposobljenosti farmaceuta u pružanju farmaceutske zdravstvene zaštite. U okviru Apoteke Subotica je iniciran i organizovan panel eksperata radi analize, adaptacije i validacije GLF dokumenta za primenu u javnim apotekama u Srbiji. U radu je dat prikaz adaptacije GLF dokumenta za primenu u javnim apotekama u Srbiji. Dokument je analiziran sa aspekta relevantnosti, razumljivosti, nacionalne regulative i primenljivosti u praksi putem anonimnih ocena i diskusije učesnika panela eksperata. Validirani su nazivi i opisi 26 kompetencija farmaceuta identifikovanih u hrvatskoj verziji originalnog dokumenta. Dokument za procenu kompetencija farmaceuta prilagođen je farmaceutskoj praksi i regulativi u Srbiji, pri čemu su, uz odgovarajuće, manje, izmene s ciljem prilagođavanja farmaceutskoj praksi i regulativi u Srbiji, prihvaćene sve kompetencije iz originalnog dokumenta. GLF dokument je, na osnovu adaptacije sprovedene od strane panela eksperata, pokazao zadovoljavajuće karakteristike za primenu u farmaceutskoj praksi u Srbiji.",
publisher = "Savez farmaceutskih udruženja Srbije, Beograd",
journal = "Arhiv za farmaciju",
title = "Analysis, adaptation and validation of the instrument for the competence evaluation of the pharmacists in community pharmacies, Analiza, adaptacija i validacija dokumenta za procenu kompetencija farmaceuta",
volume = "62",
number = "3",
pages = "208-218",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_farfar_1780"
}

Stojkov-Rudinski, S., Tadić, I., Crnjanski, T.,& Krajnović, D.. (2012). Analysis, adaptation and validation of the instrument for the competence evaluation of the pharmacists in community pharmacies. in Arhiv za farmaciju
Savez farmaceutskih udruženja Srbije, Beograd., 62(3), 208-218.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_farfar_1780

Stojkov-Rudinski S, Tadić I, Crnjanski T, Krajnović D. Analysis, adaptation and validation of the instrument for the competence evaluation of the pharmacists in community pharmacies. in Arhiv za farmaciju. 2012;62(3):208-218.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_farfar_1780 .

Stojkov-Rudinski, Svetlana, Tadić, Ivana, Crnjanski, Tatjana, Krajnović, Dušanka, "Analysis, adaptation and validation of the instrument for the competence evaluation of the pharmacists in community pharmacies" in Arhiv za farmaciju, 62, no. 3 (2012):208-218,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_farfar_1780 .