TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ivanova, Anna
AU  - Lakić, Dragana
AU  - Andrić, Vesna
AU  - Petrova, Guenka
PY  - 2009
UR  - https://farfar.pharmacy.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1292
AB  - Objective: To compare the prescribing practice and pharmacotherapy outpatient cost of hypertension and its common complications between two neighboring countries, Bulgaria and Serbia. The study questions focus on consistency of the prescribing practice with the treatment guidelines, comparability of the treatment patterns among both countries, and burden of hypertension cost to the population and third party payer in the countries under consideration. Methods: Retrospective study, one year time horizon is for outpatient therapy. Results: Patients with arterial hypertension in Bulgaria are most often on monotherapy (61% vs 6% in Serbia), as well as those with complications (66% vs 0% Serbia). In both countries the first choice of therapy are the ACE inhibitors (37.01% in Serbia and 41% in Bulgaria) and then follows the calcium antagonists, beta-blockers, and diuretics. The weighed monthly cost of hypertension and complicated hypertension is almost doubled in Serbia (12.56 vs 8.23 EUR for hypertension, and 13.39 vs 8.23 EUR) and prevailing part is reimbursed (88% vs 44% in Bulgaria). Conclusion: Our study confirms that hypertension and its complications therapy consumes a huge amount of financial resources. In both countries under consideration the therapy is corresponding with the European treatment guidelines. The international cost comparisons are possible but they depend on many external factors as the regulatory measures, prescribing habits and reimbursement policy and should be analysed within this framework.
PB  - Grupo de Investigacion en Atencion Farmaceutica
T2  - Pharmacy Practice
T1  - Cost of outpatient hypertension pharmacotherapy: Comparative study between Bulgaria and Serbia
VL  - 7
IS  - 2
SP  - 108
EP  - 112
DO  - 10.4321/S1886-36552009000200007
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Ivanova, Anna and Lakić, Dragana and Andrić, Vesna and Petrova, Guenka",
year = "2009",
abstract = "Objective: To compare the prescribing practice and pharmacotherapy outpatient cost of hypertension and its common complications between two neighboring countries, Bulgaria and Serbia. The study questions focus on consistency of the prescribing practice with the treatment guidelines, comparability of the treatment patterns among both countries, and burden of hypertension cost to the population and third party payer in the countries under consideration. Methods: Retrospective study, one year time horizon is for outpatient therapy. Results: Patients with arterial hypertension in Bulgaria are most often on monotherapy (61% vs 6% in Serbia), as well as those with complications (66% vs 0% Serbia). In both countries the first choice of therapy are the ACE inhibitors (37.01% in Serbia and 41% in Bulgaria) and then follows the calcium antagonists, beta-blockers, and diuretics. The weighed monthly cost of hypertension and complicated hypertension is almost doubled in Serbia (12.56 vs 8.23 EUR for hypertension, and 13.39 vs 8.23 EUR) and prevailing part is reimbursed (88% vs 44% in Bulgaria). Conclusion: Our study confirms that hypertension and its complications therapy consumes a huge amount of financial resources. In both countries under consideration the therapy is corresponding with the European treatment guidelines. The international cost comparisons are possible but they depend on many external factors as the regulatory measures, prescribing habits and reimbursement policy and should be analysed within this framework.",
publisher = "Grupo de Investigacion en Atencion Farmaceutica",
journal = "Pharmacy Practice",
title = "Cost of outpatient hypertension pharmacotherapy: Comparative study between Bulgaria and Serbia",
volume = "7",
number = "2",
pages = "108-112",
doi = "10.4321/S1886-36552009000200007"
}

Ivanova, A., Lakić, D., Andrić, V.,& Petrova, G.. (2009). Cost of outpatient hypertension pharmacotherapy: Comparative study between Bulgaria and Serbia. in Pharmacy Practice
Grupo de Investigacion en Atencion Farmaceutica., 7(2), 108-112.
https://doi.org/10.4321/S1886-36552009000200007

Ivanova A, Lakić D, Andrić V, Petrova G. Cost of outpatient hypertension pharmacotherapy: Comparative study between Bulgaria and Serbia. in Pharmacy Practice. 2009;7(2):108-112.
doi:10.4321/S1886-36552009000200007 .

Ivanova, Anna, Lakić, Dragana, Andrić, Vesna, Petrova, Guenka, "Cost of outpatient hypertension pharmacotherapy: Comparative study between Bulgaria and Serbia" in Pharmacy Practice, 7, no. 2 (2009):108-112,
https://doi.org/10.4321/S1886-36552009000200007 . .

TY  - CONF
AU  - Ivanova, A. D.
AU  - Lakić, Dragana
AU  - Andrić, Vesna
AU  - Petrova, Guenka
PY  - 2008
UR  - https://farfar.pharmacy.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1091
AB  - OBJECTIVES: Pharmacotherapy costs represents huge burden
for health institutions. The aim of the study is to compare pre-
scribing practice and cost of outpatient hypertension pharmaco-
therapy between Bulgaria and Serbia. METHODS: A one year
retrospective study from the point of view of the health system
was performed, based on the collected reimbursed prescriptions
with diagnosis AH (I10–I11) and for its complications—heart
failure (I.50); sequelae of cerebrovascular disease (I.69); angina
pectoris (I.20). Therapy was analysed according to the complex-
ity (mono-, di-, etc.), frequency of prescribed medicines, reim-
bursed drug prices, and patient co-payment. To calculate the cost
of the outpatient therapy was build a decision tree model match-
ing the frequency of particular brand name prescribing, their
prices, and complexity of therapy. RESULTS: The relative share
of uncomplicated hypertension is comparable (67% in Serbia
and 65% in Bulgaria). The ACE inhibitors are the first choice for
hypertension treatment in both countries. Hypertension mono-
therapy differs significantly (47% in Bulgaria and 6% in Serbia),
while di-therapy is comparable (35% and 30%). Among the
complications prevails prescriptions for angine pectoris (70% in
Serbia and 42% in Bulgaria) and heart failure (7% and 26%).
The complications are usually treated with more than one medi-
cine in Serbia while the monotherapy in Bulgaria is 66%. By
including the cost and prevalence of mono-, di- etc therapy in the
“decision tree” model we receive that the waged monthly cost of
outpatient pharmacotherapy per patient with uncomplicated
hypertension account for €12.56 in Serbia and €6.90 in Bulgaria.
The total monthly cost of hypertension considering the chance of
having complications is €13.39 in Serbia and €8.23 in Bulgaria.
Patient co-payment in Bulgaria is higher. CONCLUSIONS: Inter-
national cost comparisons are possible but depend on many
external factors as regulatory and price control measures, pre-
scribing habits, reimbursement policy.
PB  - Elsevier Science Inc
C3  - Value in Health
T1  - Cost of outpatient hypertension pharmacotherapy-comparative study between Bulgaria and Serbia
VL  - 11
IS  - 6
SP  - A391
DO  - 10.1016/S1098-3015(10)66331-0
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Ivanova, A. D. and Lakić, Dragana and Andrić, Vesna and Petrova, Guenka",
year = "2008",
abstract = "OBJECTIVES: Pharmacotherapy costs represents huge burden
for health institutions. The aim of the study is to compare pre-
scribing practice and cost of outpatient hypertension pharmaco-
therapy between Bulgaria and Serbia. METHODS: A one year
retrospective study from the point of view of the health system
was performed, based on the collected reimbursed prescriptions
with diagnosis AH (I10–I11) and for its complications—heart
failure (I.50); sequelae of cerebrovascular disease (I.69); angina
pectoris (I.20). Therapy was analysed according to the complex-
ity (mono-, di-, etc.), frequency of prescribed medicines, reim-
bursed drug prices, and patient co-payment. To calculate the cost
of the outpatient therapy was build a decision tree model match-
ing the frequency of particular brand name prescribing, their
prices, and complexity of therapy. RESULTS: The relative share
of uncomplicated hypertension is comparable (67% in Serbia
and 65% in Bulgaria). The ACE inhibitors are the first choice for
hypertension treatment in both countries. Hypertension mono-
therapy differs significantly (47% in Bulgaria and 6% in Serbia),
while di-therapy is comparable (35% and 30%). Among the
complications prevails prescriptions for angine pectoris (70% in
Serbia and 42% in Bulgaria) and heart failure (7% and 26%).
The complications are usually treated with more than one medi-
cine in Serbia while the monotherapy in Bulgaria is 66%. By
including the cost and prevalence of mono-, di- etc therapy in the
“decision tree” model we receive that the waged monthly cost of
outpatient pharmacotherapy per patient with uncomplicated
hypertension account for €12.56 in Serbia and €6.90 in Bulgaria.
The total monthly cost of hypertension considering the chance of
having complications is €13.39 in Serbia and €8.23 in Bulgaria.
Patient co-payment in Bulgaria is higher. CONCLUSIONS: Inter-
national cost comparisons are possible but depend on many
external factors as regulatory and price control measures, pre-
scribing habits, reimbursement policy.",
publisher = "Elsevier Science Inc",
journal = "Value in Health",
title = "Cost of outpatient hypertension pharmacotherapy-comparative study between Bulgaria and Serbia",
volume = "11",
number = "6",
pages = "A391",
doi = "10.1016/S1098-3015(10)66331-0"
}

Ivanova, A. D., Lakić, D., Andrić, V.,& Petrova, G.. (2008). Cost of outpatient hypertension pharmacotherapy-comparative study between Bulgaria and Serbia. in Value in Health
Elsevier Science Inc., 11(6), A391.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S1098-3015(10)66331-0

Ivanova AD, Lakić D, Andrić V, Petrova G. Cost of outpatient hypertension pharmacotherapy-comparative study between Bulgaria and Serbia. in Value in Health. 2008;11(6):A391.
doi:10.1016/S1098-3015(10)66331-0 .

Ivanova, A. D., Lakić, Dragana, Andrić, Vesna, Petrova, Guenka, "Cost of outpatient hypertension pharmacotherapy-comparative study between Bulgaria and Serbia" in Value in Health, 11, no. 6 (2008):A391,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S1098-3015(10)66331-0 . .