Spectroscopic investigation of the effects of monovalent cations on the dynamics of protonic species in the hydrates of 12-tungstophosphoric acid salts

Abstract

Heteropoly acids arc well known as supcrionic protonic conductors at room temperature. The conductivity depends upon the temperature and relative humidity of the surrounding. Recent results show that the conductivity is very much affected by monovalent exchange counter-ions. In this work the effect of monovalent ions (Li + , Na + , K + and Cs + ) on the nature and structure of hydrogen bonds, the presence of different protonic species as charge carriers, and the dynamic equilibrium of proton species as a function of temperature and ion characteristics were investigated.