Hormonska kontracepcija i hormonska supstituciona terapija

Abstract

Hormonal contraception is the most effective method of fertility control, with possible major and minor side-effects, especially for certain groups of women. The most serious side effects are thromboembolic events. That is why, it should not be prescribed in women aged over 35 years who smoke and have the other cardiovascular risks. In some cases hormonal replacement therapy (HRT) has no alternative with similar effects. But HRT also has risks for venous thromboembolism and breast cancer. So, when there is clear indication for HRT it is necessary to use minimum effective dose of the drug for the shortest period, in order to minimize therapy risks. The patient should be informed about all risks of HRT therapy.

Hormonska kontracepcija (HK) je najefikasniji metod kontrole začeća, ali može biti praćena manjim ili većim neželjenim efektima, posebno u izvesnim rizičnim grupama. Najozbiljniji neželjeni efekti jesu tromboembolijski poremećaji. Zbog toga se HK ne preporučuje ženama iznad 35 godina koje puše ili imaju druge faktore rizika za kardiovaskularna oboljenja. U nekim slučajevima hormonska supstituciona terapija (HST) nema alternativu sa sličnim efektima. Ali i ovi lekovi nose rizik od nastanka tromboze i kancera dojke. Zato, kada postoji jasna indikacija za primenu HST neophodno je primeniti najnižu efikasnu dozu hormona u toku najkraćeg perioda, kako bi se rizici sveli na najmanju moguću meru. Žene treba da budu potpuno informisane o rizicima primene ove terapije.