Ispitivanje faktora rizika za razvoj osteoporoze u Populaciji žena

Abstract

Osteoporoza je najzastupljenije sistemsko metaboličko oboljenje koštanog sistema. Faktori rizika za razvoj osteoporoze se mogu podeliti na promenljive i nepromenljive. Farmaceuti u javnim apotekama su u prilici da sakupe podatke od pacijenata i utvrde prisustvo faktora rizika za razvoj osteoporoze. Cilj ovog rada je utvrđivanje prisustva faktora rizika i procena znanja mladih žena o osteoporozi. Istraživanje je sprovedeno u Apoteci Beograd tokom maja 2018. godine. U apotekama su anketirane ženestarosti od 18 do 45 godina. Ispitanice su zamoljene da popune upitnik koji se sastoji iz dva dela: deo koji ispituje prisustvo faktora rizika i deo koji procenjuje nivo znanja o osteoporozi. U istraživanju je učestvovalo 73 žena prosečne starosti 35,6 godina i prosečne vrednosti indeksa telesne mase ITM=22,4 kg/m 2 (16,2% žena je imalo ITM<18,5 kg/m 2 ). Samo je jedna žena bila u menopauzi. Kod nekih žena su bili prisutni nasledni faktori (fraktura kuka kod majke/bake (17,8%); prisutna pogrbljenost kod roditelja (19,2%); osteoporoza kod roditelja (15,1%)). Kod više žena utvrđeno je prisustvo faktora povezanih sa životnim navikama (35,6% ne praktikuje fizičku aktivnost; 49,3% vodi sedentarni način života; 19,2% su pušači; 24,7% ne konzumira mlečne proizvode). Od bolesti udruženih sa osteoporozom zabeležene su: problemi sa vidom (35,6%), hipertireoidizam (11,0%), terapija kortikosteroidima (5,5%) i reumatoidni artritis (4,1%). Prosečna ocena na testu koji ispituje znanje o osteoporozi bila je 4,1 (na skali od 1 do 8). Samo je jedna žena odgovorila tačno na sva pitanja. Faktori rizika povezani sa životnim stilom su najzastupljeniji u odabranoj populaciji žena. Sa druge strane jedino na ove faktore se i može uticati. Znanje žena o osteoporozi je takođe veoma skromno. Na osnovu toga, farmaceuti u apotekama savetovanjem žena mogu imati važnu ulogu u prevenciji promenljivih faktora rizika za razvoj osteoporoze.

Osteoporosis is the most prevalent metabolic bone disease. Osteoporosis risk factors can be divided inmodifiable and non‐modifiable. Pharmacists in community pharmacies are able to collect data from women and to identify osteoporosis risk factors. The aim of this study was to analyze osteoporosis risk factors present in young female population. The research was conducted during May 2018 year in Community Pharmacy Belgrade. Risk factors and osteoporosis knowledge were examined using the questionnaire. The questionnaire was consisted of two parts: for the osteoporosis risk factor detection and osteoporosis knowledge assessment. The questionnaires were disseminated in pharmacies to women 18‐45 years of age. The study included 73 female participants. The women were old 35.6 years and with BMI=22.4 kg/m 2 in average (16.2% women had BMI<18.5kg/m 2 ). Only one woman was in menopause. Hereditary factors were present in some woman (hip fracture of mother/grandmother (17.8%); parents with hunchback (19.2%); parents with osteoporosis (15.1%)). Factors associated with lifestyle were present in more women (35.6% no physical activity, 49.3% sedentary lifestyle, 19.2% smokers; 24.7% didn’t take dairy products). Illnesses associated with osteoporosis were present in women with: visual problems (35.6%), hyperthyroidism (11.0%), who takes corticosteroids (5.5%) and rheumatoid diseases (4.1%). The average score on the osteoporosis knowledge test was 4.10 on a scale from 1 to 8. Only one woman correctly answered on all questions. The lifestyle risk factors were the most common in the selected female population. On the other side, these are the only factors that can be edited. Knowledge of women about osteoporosis was also modest. The pharmacists can play important role in prevention of modifiable risk factors in female population.