Приказ основних података о документу
The Validity of Benchmark Dose Limit Analysis for Estimating Permissible Accumulation of Cadmium
dc.creator | Satarug, Soisungwan | |
dc.creator | Vesey, David | |
dc.creator | Gobe, Glenda | |
dc.creator | Buha-Đorđević, Aleksandra | |
dc.date.accessioned | 2022-12-20T08:30:18Z | |
dc.date.available | 2022-12-20T08:30:18Z | |
dc.date.issued | 2022 | |
dc.identifier.issn | 1661-7827 | |
dc.identifier.uri | https://farfar.pharmacy.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/4339 | |
dc.description.abstract | Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic metal pollutant that accumulates, especially in the proximal tubular epithelial cells of kidneys, where it causes tubular cell injury, cell death and a reduction in glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Diet is the main Cd exposure source in non-occupationally exposed and non-smoking populations. The present study aimed to evaluate the reliability of a tolerable Cd intake of 0.83 μg/kg body weight/day, and its corresponding toxicity threshold level of 5.24 μg/g creatinine. The PROAST software was used to calculate the lower 95% confidence bound of the benchmark dose (BMDL) values of Cd excretion (ECd) associated with injury to kidney tubular cells, a defective tubular reabsorption of filtered proteins, and a reduction in the estimated GFR (eGFR). Data were from 289 males and 445 females, mean age of 48.1 years of which 42.8% were smokers, while 31.7% had hypertension, and 9% had chronic kidney disease (CKD). The BMDL value of ECd associated with kidney tubular cell injury was 0.67 ng/L of filtrate in both men and women. Therefore, an environmental Cd exposure producing ECd of 0.67 ng/L filtrate could be considered as Cd accumulation levels below which renal effects are likely to be negligible. A reduction in eGFR and CKD may follow when ECd rises from 0.67 to 1 ng/L of filtrate. These adverse health effects occur at the body burdens lower than those associated with ECd of 5.24 µg/g creatinine, thereby arguing that current health-guiding values do not provide a sufficient health protection. | |
dc.publisher | MDPI | |
dc.rights | openAccess | |
dc.rights.uri | https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ | |
dc.source | International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health | |
dc.subject | cadmium | |
dc.subject | benchmark dose | |
dc.subject | BMDL | |
dc.subject | BMDU | |
dc.subject | eGFR | |
dc.subject | NOAEL | |
dc.subject | BMD lower confidence limit | |
dc.subject | BMD upper confidence limit | |
dc.subject | N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase | |
dc.subject | β2-microglobulin | |
dc.title | The Validity of Benchmark Dose Limit Analysis for Estimating Permissible Accumulation of Cadmium | |
dc.type | article | |
dc.rights.license | BY | |
dc.citation.volume | 19 | |
dc.citation.issue | 23 | |
dc.citation.rank | M21 | |
dc.identifier.doi | 10.3390/ijerph192315697 | |
dc.identifier.scopus | 2-s2.0-85143727018 | |
dc.identifier.fulltext | http://farfar.pharmacy.bg.ac.rs/bitstream/id/11280/The_Validity_of_pub_2022.pdf | |
dc.type.version | publishedVersion |