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dc.creatorSatarug, Soisungwan
dc.creatorVesey, David
dc.creatorGobe, Glenda
dc.creatorBuha-Đorđević, Aleksandra
dc.date.accessioned2022-12-20T08:30:18Z
dc.date.available2022-12-20T08:30:18Z
dc.date.issued2022
dc.identifier.issn1661-7827
dc.identifier.urihttps://farfar.pharmacy.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/4339
dc.description.abstractCadmium (Cd) is a toxic metal pollutant that accumulates, especially in the proximal tubular epithelial cells of kidneys, where it causes tubular cell injury, cell death and a reduction in glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Diet is the main Cd exposure source in non-occupationally exposed and non-smoking populations. The present study aimed to evaluate the reliability of a tolerable Cd intake of 0.83 μg/kg body weight/day, and its corresponding toxicity threshold level of 5.24 μg/g creatinine. The PROAST software was used to calculate the lower 95% confidence bound of the benchmark dose (BMDL) values of Cd excretion (ECd) associated with injury to kidney tubular cells, a defective tubular reabsorption of filtered proteins, and a reduction in the estimated GFR (eGFR). Data were from 289 males and 445 females, mean age of 48.1 years of which 42.8% were smokers, while 31.7% had hypertension, and 9% had chronic kidney disease (CKD). The BMDL value of ECd associated with kidney tubular cell injury was 0.67 ng/L of filtrate in both men and women. Therefore, an environmental Cd exposure producing ECd of 0.67 ng/L filtrate could be considered as Cd accumulation levels below which renal effects are likely to be negligible. A reduction in eGFR and CKD may follow when ECd rises from 0.67 to 1 ng/L of filtrate. These adverse health effects occur at the body burdens lower than those associated with ECd of 5.24 µg/g creatinine, thereby arguing that current health-guiding values do not provide a sufficient health protection.
dc.publisherMDPI
dc.rightsopenAccess
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.sourceInternational Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
dc.subjectcadmium
dc.subjectbenchmark dose
dc.subjectBMDL
dc.subjectBMDU
dc.subjecteGFR
dc.subjectNOAEL
dc.subjectBMD lower confidence limit
dc.subjectBMD upper confidence limit
dc.subjectN-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase
dc.subjectβ2-microglobulin
dc.titleThe Validity of Benchmark Dose Limit Analysis for Estimating Permissible Accumulation of Cadmium
dc.typearticle
dc.rights.licenseBY
dc.citation.volume19
dc.citation.issue23
dc.citation.rankM21
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/ijerph192315697
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-85143727018
dc.identifier.fulltexthttp://farfar.pharmacy.bg.ac.rs/bitstream/id/11280/The_Validity_of_pub_2022.pdf
dc.type.versionpublishedVersion


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Приказ основних података о документу