A quarter of a century of experience in redox biochemistry: revealing the role of oxidative stress in health and disease

Abstract

Oxidative stress is a pathphysiological phenomenon that occurs during various physiological processes, as a consequence of aging, but also in many diseases. Oxidative stress "eruption" occurs when its factors - free radicals are increased in pathological conditions, when their creation overcomes the mechanisms of antioxidant protection. Measurement of redox status parameters gives new biomarkers of various diseases. During more than 25 years of dealing with this topic, we analyzed the redox status of a large number of patients with various diseases: cardiovascular, stroke, kidney disease, diabetes, cancer, obesity. Redox status was determined in a large number of healthy subjects, and in special physiological conditions: pregnancy, athletes, children, elderly, in subjects after antioxidants' supplementation. Oxidative stress markers measurement is applied in pharmacological studies on several different animal models: atherosclerosis, multiple sclerosis, blast injuries, poisoning, rheumatoid arthritis. These types of studies provide insight into cellular oxidative stress development, mechanisms involved in the disease development, insight into the possibility of its modulation under the therapy influence. Many years of experience in the oxidative stress analysis, enabled us to develop a system for testing the antioxidant potential of biologically active compounds in the serum pool of healthy individuals. The redox status of the respondents is "chemical ID card", which changes in various diseases. "Redox imbalance" diagnosis would allow determining the type of antioxidants' application, dosing regimen, monitoring the therapy effects, which is the application of the principles of precision (personalized) medicine, as the ideal of modern therapy.

Oksidativni stres je patofiziološki fenomen koji se javlja tokom različitih fizioloških procesa, kao posledica starenja, ali i u mnogim bolestima. “Erupcija” oksidativnog stresa nastaje kada se njegovi činioci tzv. slobodni radikali povećano stvaraju u određenim patološkim stanjima, kada njihovo stvaranje nadvlada mehanizme i činioce antioksidativne zaštite. Merenje parametara redoks statusa daje nove biomarkere različitih bolesti . Tokom više od 25 godina bavljenja ovom temom analizirali smo redoks status velikog broja pacijenata sa različitim bolestima: kardiovaskularnim, moždanim udarom, akutnim i hroničnim bubrežnim bolestima, dijabetesom, kancerom, gojaznošću. Redoks status je određivan i kod velikog broja zdravih ispitanika, kao i u posebnim fiziološkim stanjima: trudnice, sportisti, deca, stare osobe, kao i kod ispitanika nakon suplementacije antioksidansima. Merenje markera oksidativnog stresa je primenjeno i u farmakološkim studijama na više različitih animalnih modela: ateroskleroza, multipla skleroza, blast povreda, trovanja, reumatoidni artritis. Ovakve vrste studija omogućavaju uvid u razvoj ćelijskog oksidativnog stresa, mehanizme koji su uključeni u razvoj bolesti, kao i uvid u mogućnosti njegove modulacije pod uticajem terapije. Dugogodišnje iskustvo u analitici oksidativnog stresa nam je omogućilo razvoj sistema za testiranje antioksidativnog potencijala biološki aktivnih jedinjenja u serumskom pulu zdravih osoba. Rеdoks status ispitanika je njegova “hеmijska lična karta”, koja se menja u različitim stanjima i bolestima. Dijagnoza “rеdoks disbalansa“ kod odrеđеnе osobе, omogućila bi odrеđivanjе vrstе i načina primеnе antioksidanasa, rеžim doziranja, praćеnjе еfеkata primеnе, što bi predstavljalo primenu principa prеciznе (pеrsonalizovanе) medicine, kao ideala moderne terapije.