TY  - JOUR
AU  - Đekić, Ljiljana
AU  - Martinović, Martina
AU  - Dobričić, Vladimir
AU  - Čalija, Bojan
AU  - Medarević, Đorđe
AU  - Primorac, Marija
PY  - 2019
UR  - https://farfar.pharmacy.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/3305
AB  - The study is focused on formulation of biocompatible hydrogels with a poorly soluble drug ibuprofen (5%) and comprehensive evaluation and comparison of effect of different bioadhesive polymers on their suitability for application on skin, physical stability during the accelerated and natural aging tests (by performing centrifugation test, light microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, rheological and pH measurements), and in vitro drug release kinetics. Hydrogels, formulated with xanthan gum 1% (XIB), sodium carboxymethylcellulose 5% (CMCIB), poloxamer 407 16% (PIB), and carbomer 1% (KIB), were soft pseudoplastic semisolids with thixotropy and biocompatible pH. The type of the polymer significantly affected apparent viscosity of the hydrogels and miscibility rate with artificial sweat, their physical stability, and shape, size, and aggregation of the drug crystals and degree of crystallization. The drug release in all investigated hydrogels was diffusion-controlled in accordance with the Higuchi model and sustained for 12 h, with the drug release rate and the amount of drug released depended on the polymer. The described formulation approach enabled discrimination of the hydrogels with unsatisfactory application properties (CMCIB) and physical stability (KIB), and selection of the hydrogel with promising characteristics in terms of all investigated aspects (XIB) which could be considered for further evaluation.
PB  - Elsevier Science Inc, New York
T2  - Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
T1  - Comparison of the Effect of Bioadhesive Polymers on Stability and Drug Release Kinetics of Biocompatible Hydrogels for Topical Application of Ibuprofen
VL  - 108
IS  - 3
SP  - 1326
EP  - 1333
DO  - 10.1016/j.xphs.2018.10.054
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Đekić, Ljiljana and Martinović, Martina and Dobričić, Vladimir and Čalija, Bojan and Medarević, Đorđe and Primorac, Marija",
year = "2019",
abstract = "The study is focused on formulation of biocompatible hydrogels with a poorly soluble drug ibuprofen (5%) and comprehensive evaluation and comparison of effect of different bioadhesive polymers on their suitability for application on skin, physical stability during the accelerated and natural aging tests (by performing centrifugation test, light microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, rheological and pH measurements), and in vitro drug release kinetics. Hydrogels, formulated with xanthan gum 1% (XIB), sodium carboxymethylcellulose 5% (CMCIB), poloxamer 407 16% (PIB), and carbomer 1% (KIB), were soft pseudoplastic semisolids with thixotropy and biocompatible pH. The type of the polymer significantly affected apparent viscosity of the hydrogels and miscibility rate with artificial sweat, their physical stability, and shape, size, and aggregation of the drug crystals and degree of crystallization. The drug release in all investigated hydrogels was diffusion-controlled in accordance with the Higuchi model and sustained for 12 h, with the drug release rate and the amount of drug released depended on the polymer. The described formulation approach enabled discrimination of the hydrogels with unsatisfactory application properties (CMCIB) and physical stability (KIB), and selection of the hydrogel with promising characteristics in terms of all investigated aspects (XIB) which could be considered for further evaluation.",
publisher = "Elsevier Science Inc, New York",
journal = "Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences",
title = "Comparison of the Effect of Bioadhesive Polymers on Stability and Drug Release Kinetics of Biocompatible Hydrogels for Topical Application of Ibuprofen",
volume = "108",
number = "3",
pages = "1326-1333",
doi = "10.1016/j.xphs.2018.10.054"
}

Đekić, L., Martinović, M., Dobričić, V., Čalija, B., Medarević, Đ.,& Primorac, M.. (2019). Comparison of the Effect of Bioadhesive Polymers on Stability and Drug Release Kinetics of Biocompatible Hydrogels for Topical Application of Ibuprofen. in Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
Elsevier Science Inc, New York., 108(3), 1326-1333.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xphs.2018.10.054

Đekić L, Martinović M, Dobričić V, Čalija B, Medarević Đ, Primorac M. Comparison of the Effect of Bioadhesive Polymers on Stability and Drug Release Kinetics of Biocompatible Hydrogels for Topical Application of Ibuprofen. in Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2019;108(3):1326-1333.
doi:10.1016/j.xphs.2018.10.054 .

Đekić, Ljiljana, Martinović, Martina, Dobričić, Vladimir, Čalija, Bojan, Medarević, Đorđe, Primorac, Marija, "Comparison of the Effect of Bioadhesive Polymers on Stability and Drug Release Kinetics of Biocompatible Hydrogels for Topical Application of Ibuprofen" in Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 108, no. 3 (2019):1326-1333,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xphs.2018.10.054 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Đekić, Ljiljana
AU  - Primorac, Marija
PY  - 2019
UR  - https://farfar.pharmacy.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/3289
AB  - Among novel pharmaceutical dosage forms of analgesics, whose number and diversity are continuously increasing over the past two decades, of particular importance are transdermal opioid analgesics (fentanyl, buprenorphine) for the treatment of chronic pain, fentanyl iontophoretic transdermal drug delivery system for suppression of acute postoperative pain, as well as compressed lozenges, buccal tablets and film, sublingual tablets and nasal sprays for fentanyl treatment of breakthrough cancer pain. To improve the efficacy of the migraine pain treatment, compared to the solid dosage forms (tablets) of tryptans, pharmaceutical preparations of sumatriptan (solution for subcutaneous injection, nasal spray and nasal powder) and zolmitriptan (orodispersible tablet) are developed and marketed for migraine pain treatment. The benefits of these pharmaceutical preparations are minimal invasiveness and suitability to meet the individual therapeutic needs of patients, including the pediatric population, in terms of onset and duration of action and delivered dose of the drug. In the last few years, the European Medicines Agency (EMA) and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) have warned of fatal errors during use or abuse of fentanyl transdermal patches and have indicated the importance educating health workers and patients about potential risks. Also, novel pharmaceutical forms of fentanyl for treatment of acute pain can be prescribed and used exclusively within the framework of the FDA REMS (Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy) program aimed to provide greater benefits from potential risks. There are still no precise attitudes about the importance of recently approved pharmaceutical products of analgesics, and clinical assessments of their relative efficacy and tolerance at the site of application are also needed.
PB  - Savez farmaceutskih udruženja Srbije, Beograd
T2  - Arhiv za farmaciju
T1  - Novel pharmaceutical dosage forms of analgesics
T1  - Savremeni farmaceutski oblici analgetika
VL  - 69
IS  - 1
SP  - 1054
EP  - 1070
DO  - 10.5937/arhfarm1901054d
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Đekić, Ljiljana and Primorac, Marija",
year = "2019",
abstract = "Among novel pharmaceutical dosage forms of analgesics, whose number and diversity are continuously increasing over the past two decades, of particular importance are transdermal opioid analgesics (fentanyl, buprenorphine) for the treatment of chronic pain, fentanyl iontophoretic transdermal drug delivery system for suppression of acute postoperative pain, as well as compressed lozenges, buccal tablets and film, sublingual tablets and nasal sprays for fentanyl treatment of breakthrough cancer pain. To improve the efficacy of the migraine pain treatment, compared to the solid dosage forms (tablets) of tryptans, pharmaceutical preparations of sumatriptan (solution for subcutaneous injection, nasal spray and nasal powder) and zolmitriptan (orodispersible tablet) are developed and marketed for migraine pain treatment. The benefits of these pharmaceutical preparations are minimal invasiveness and suitability to meet the individual therapeutic needs of patients, including the pediatric population, in terms of onset and duration of action and delivered dose of the drug. In the last few years, the European Medicines Agency (EMA) and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) have warned of fatal errors during use or abuse of fentanyl transdermal patches and have indicated the importance educating health workers and patients about potential risks. Also, novel pharmaceutical forms of fentanyl for treatment of acute pain can be prescribed and used exclusively within the framework of the FDA REMS (Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy) program aimed to provide greater benefits from potential risks. There are still no precise attitudes about the importance of recently approved pharmaceutical products of analgesics, and clinical assessments of their relative efficacy and tolerance at the site of application are also needed.",
publisher = "Savez farmaceutskih udruženja Srbije, Beograd",
journal = "Arhiv za farmaciju",
title = "Novel pharmaceutical dosage forms of analgesics, Savremeni farmaceutski oblici analgetika",
volume = "69",
number = "1",
pages = "1054-1070",
doi = "10.5937/arhfarm1901054d"
}

Đekić, L.,& Primorac, M.. (2019). Novel pharmaceutical dosage forms of analgesics. in Arhiv za farmaciju
Savez farmaceutskih udruženja Srbije, Beograd., 69(1), 1054-1070.
https://doi.org/10.5937/arhfarm1901054d

Đekić L, Primorac M. Novel pharmaceutical dosage forms of analgesics. in Arhiv za farmaciju. 2019;69(1):1054-1070.
doi:10.5937/arhfarm1901054d .

Đekić, Ljiljana, Primorac, Marija, "Novel pharmaceutical dosage forms of analgesics" in Arhiv za farmaciju, 69, no. 1 (2019):1054-1070,
https://doi.org/10.5937/arhfarm1901054d . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Đekić, Ljiljana
AU  - Janković, Jovana
AU  - Rasković, Aleksandar
AU  - Primorac, Marija
PY  - 2018
UR  - https://farfar.pharmacy.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/3242
AB  - Semisolid self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) with optimized drug loading capacity, stability, dispersibility in aqueous media and in vitro drug release profile, was evaluated in vivo regarding effects on pharmacokinetics of acyclovir, an antiviral with low bioavailability (BA) and short half-life (t(1/2)). Additional goal of this study was evaluation of safety of this semisolid SMEDDS consisted of medium chain length triglycerides (oil) (10% w/w), macrogolglycerol hydroxystearate (surfactant) (56.25% w/w), polyglyceryl-3-dioleate (cosurfactant) (6.25% w/w), glycerol (cosolvent) (20% w/w), macrogol 8000 (viscosity modifier) (7.5% w/w), and acyclovir (2.5 mg/ml). The study was performed on fully mature white male Wistar rats. The pharmacokinetics of acyclovir was monitored in three groups (1-3) of animals after administration of drug solution (intravenously (IV)), drug suspension (orally) and semisolid SMEDDS (orally), respectively. The determined pharmacokinetic parameters were: maximum concentration of acyclovir in serum (C-max), time taken to reach C-max (T-max), areas under time-concentration curves (AUC(0-t) and AUC(0-infinity)), terminal elimination rate constant (k(el)), t(1/2), volume of distribution (V-d), mean residence time (MRT), clearance (Cl), zero concentration (C-0), steady state volume of distribution (V-ss), and BA. Additionally, for safety evaluation, animals were treated orally with aqueous solution of acyclovir, drug-free semisolid SMEDDS and acyclovir-loaded semisolid SMEDDS, during 21 days (groups 4-7). Serum samples of sacrificed animals were used for biochemical analysis of enzymatic activity of alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST), urea, creatinine, and uric acid. Acyclovir administered by semisolid SMEDDS reached twice higher C-max (0.92 +/- 0.21 mu g/ml) and has significantly shorter T-max (14 +/- 10.84 min) compared to the suspension of acyclovir (C-max 0.29 +/- 0.09 mu g/ml and T-max 26.00 +/- 5.48 min). BA of the drug was significantly increased by semisolid SMEDDS, while the analysis of biochemical parameters excluded damage on function of liver and kidneys caused by the investigated drug delivery system.
PB  - Elsevier Science BV, Amsterdam
T2  - European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
T1  - Semisolid self-microemulsifying drug delivery systems (SMEDDSs): Effects on pharmacokinetics of acyclovir in rats
VL  - 121
SP  - 287
EP  - 292
DO  - 10.1016/j.ejps.2018.06.005
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Đekić, Ljiljana and Janković, Jovana and Rasković, Aleksandar and Primorac, Marija",
year = "2018",
abstract = "Semisolid self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) with optimized drug loading capacity, stability, dispersibility in aqueous media and in vitro drug release profile, was evaluated in vivo regarding effects on pharmacokinetics of acyclovir, an antiviral with low bioavailability (BA) and short half-life (t(1/2)). Additional goal of this study was evaluation of safety of this semisolid SMEDDS consisted of medium chain length triglycerides (oil) (10% w/w), macrogolglycerol hydroxystearate (surfactant) (56.25% w/w), polyglyceryl-3-dioleate (cosurfactant) (6.25% w/w), glycerol (cosolvent) (20% w/w), macrogol 8000 (viscosity modifier) (7.5% w/w), and acyclovir (2.5 mg/ml). The study was performed on fully mature white male Wistar rats. The pharmacokinetics of acyclovir was monitored in three groups (1-3) of animals after administration of drug solution (intravenously (IV)), drug suspension (orally) and semisolid SMEDDS (orally), respectively. The determined pharmacokinetic parameters were: maximum concentration of acyclovir in serum (C-max), time taken to reach C-max (T-max), areas under time-concentration curves (AUC(0-t) and AUC(0-infinity)), terminal elimination rate constant (k(el)), t(1/2), volume of distribution (V-d), mean residence time (MRT), clearance (Cl), zero concentration (C-0), steady state volume of distribution (V-ss), and BA. Additionally, for safety evaluation, animals were treated orally with aqueous solution of acyclovir, drug-free semisolid SMEDDS and acyclovir-loaded semisolid SMEDDS, during 21 days (groups 4-7). Serum samples of sacrificed animals were used for biochemical analysis of enzymatic activity of alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST), urea, creatinine, and uric acid. Acyclovir administered by semisolid SMEDDS reached twice higher C-max (0.92 +/- 0.21 mu g/ml) and has significantly shorter T-max (14 +/- 10.84 min) compared to the suspension of acyclovir (C-max 0.29 +/- 0.09 mu g/ml and T-max 26.00 +/- 5.48 min). BA of the drug was significantly increased by semisolid SMEDDS, while the analysis of biochemical parameters excluded damage on function of liver and kidneys caused by the investigated drug delivery system.",
publisher = "Elsevier Science BV, Amsterdam",
journal = "European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences",
title = "Semisolid self-microemulsifying drug delivery systems (SMEDDSs): Effects on pharmacokinetics of acyclovir in rats",
volume = "121",
pages = "287-292",
doi = "10.1016/j.ejps.2018.06.005"
}

Đekić, L., Janković, J., Rasković, A.,& Primorac, M.. (2018). Semisolid self-microemulsifying drug delivery systems (SMEDDSs): Effects on pharmacokinetics of acyclovir in rats. in European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
Elsevier Science BV, Amsterdam., 121, 287-292.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejps.2018.06.005

Đekić L, Janković J, Rasković A, Primorac M. Semisolid self-microemulsifying drug delivery systems (SMEDDSs): Effects on pharmacokinetics of acyclovir in rats. in European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2018;121:287-292.
doi:10.1016/j.ejps.2018.06.005 .

Đekić, Ljiljana, Janković, Jovana, Rasković, Aleksandar, Primorac, Marija, "Semisolid self-microemulsifying drug delivery systems (SMEDDSs): Effects on pharmacokinetics of acyclovir in rats" in European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 121 (2018):287-292,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejps.2018.06.005 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Đekić, Ljiljana
AU  - Primorac, Marija
PY  - 2018
UR  - https://farfar.pharmacy.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/3109
AB  - Among novel pharmaceutical dosage forms of analgesics, whose number and diversity are continuously increasing over the past two decades, of particular importance are transdermal opioid analgesics (fentanyl, buprenorphine) for the treatment of chronic pain, fentanyl iontophoretic transdermal drug delivery system for suppression of acute postoperative pain, as well as compressed lozenges, buccal tablets and film, sublingual tablets and nasal sprays for fentanyl treatment of breakthrough cancer pain. To improve the efficacy of the migraine pain treatment, compared to the solid dosage forms (tablets) of tryptans, pharmaceutical preparations of sumatriptan (solution for subcutaneous injection, nasal spray and nasal powder) and zolmitriptan (orodispersible tablet) are developed and marketed for migraine pain treatment. The benefits of these pharmaceutical preparations are minimal invasiveness and suitability to meet the individual therapeutic needs of patients, including the pediatric population, in terms of onset and duration of action and delivered dose of the drug. In the last few years, the European Medicines Agency (EMA) and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) have warned of fatal errors during use or abuse of fentanyl transdermal patches and have indicated the importance educating health workers and patients about potential risks. Also, novel pharmaceutical forms of fentanyl for treatment of acute pain can be prescribed and used exclusively within the framework of the FDA REMS (Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy) program aimed to provide greater benefits from potential risks. There are still no precise attitudes about the importance of recently approved pharmaceutical products of analgesics, and clinical assessments of their relative efficacy and tolerance at the site of application are also needed.
AB  - Među savremenim farmaceutskim oblicima analgetika, čiji se broj i raznovrsnost kontinuirano povećavaju tokom poslednje dve decenije, od posebnog značaja su transdermalni flasteri opioidnih analgetika (fentanil, buprenorfin) za terapiju hroničnog bola, jontoforetski transdermalni terapijski sistem fentanila za suzbijanje akutnog postoperativnog bola, kao i komprimovana lozenga, bukalna tableta i film, sublingvalna tableta i sprejevi za nos za tretman probojnog kancerskog bola fentanilom. U cilju poboljšanja efikasnosti terapije migrenoznog bola, u odnosu na čvrste farmaceutske oblike (tableta) triptana, za tretman migrenoznog bola razvijeni su i komercijalizovani farmaceutski preparati sumatriptana u obliku rastvora za supkutanu injekciju, spreja za nos i praška za nos, kao i zolmitriptan orodisperzibilna tableta i sprej za nos. Prednosti ovih farmaceutskih preparata su minimalna invazivnost i mogućnost prilagođavanja individualnim terapijskim potrebama pacijenata, u pogledu početka i dužine trajanja dejstva i isporučene doze aktivne supstance. U poslednjih nekoliko godina Evropska agencija za lekove (European Medicines Agency, EMA) i Agencija za hranu i lekove SAD (Food and Drug Administration, FDA) upozorile su na fatalne greške pri upotrebi i zloupotrebi transdermalnih flastera fentanila i ukazale na značaj edukacije zdravstvenih radnika i pacijenata o potencijalnim rizicima. Takođe, savremeni farmaceutski oblici fentanila za terapiju akutnog bola mogu se propisivati i upotrebljavati isključivo u okviru FDA programa za procenu rizika i strategije ograničavanja (Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy, REMS) čiji je cilj obezbeđenje veće koristi od potencijalnih rizika. Još uvek nisu formirani precizni stavovi o značaju skoro odobrenih farmaceutskih proizvoda analgetika, a neophodne su i kliničke procene njihove relativne efikasnosti i podnošljivosti na mestu primene.
PB  - Savez farmaceutskih udruženja Srbije, Beograd
T2  - Arhiv za farmaciju
T1  - Novel pharmaceutical dosage forms of analgesics
T1  - Savremeni farmaceutski oblici analgetika
VL  - 68
IS  - 6
SP  - 1054
EP  - 1070
DO  - 10.5937/ArhFarm1806054D
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Đekić, Ljiljana and Primorac, Marija",
year = "2018",
abstract = "Among novel pharmaceutical dosage forms of analgesics, whose number and diversity are continuously increasing over the past two decades, of particular importance are transdermal opioid analgesics (fentanyl, buprenorphine) for the treatment of chronic pain, fentanyl iontophoretic transdermal drug delivery system for suppression of acute postoperative pain, as well as compressed lozenges, buccal tablets and film, sublingual tablets and nasal sprays for fentanyl treatment of breakthrough cancer pain. To improve the efficacy of the migraine pain treatment, compared to the solid dosage forms (tablets) of tryptans, pharmaceutical preparations of sumatriptan (solution for subcutaneous injection, nasal spray and nasal powder) and zolmitriptan (orodispersible tablet) are developed and marketed for migraine pain treatment. The benefits of these pharmaceutical preparations are minimal invasiveness and suitability to meet the individual therapeutic needs of patients, including the pediatric population, in terms of onset and duration of action and delivered dose of the drug. In the last few years, the European Medicines Agency (EMA) and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) have warned of fatal errors during use or abuse of fentanyl transdermal patches and have indicated the importance educating health workers and patients about potential risks. Also, novel pharmaceutical forms of fentanyl for treatment of acute pain can be prescribed and used exclusively within the framework of the FDA REMS (Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy) program aimed to provide greater benefits from potential risks. There are still no precise attitudes about the importance of recently approved pharmaceutical products of analgesics, and clinical assessments of their relative efficacy and tolerance at the site of application are also needed., Među savremenim farmaceutskim oblicima analgetika, čiji se broj i raznovrsnost kontinuirano povećavaju tokom poslednje dve decenije, od posebnog značaja su transdermalni flasteri opioidnih analgetika (fentanil, buprenorfin) za terapiju hroničnog bola, jontoforetski transdermalni terapijski sistem fentanila za suzbijanje akutnog postoperativnog bola, kao i komprimovana lozenga, bukalna tableta i film, sublingvalna tableta i sprejevi za nos za tretman probojnog kancerskog bola fentanilom. U cilju poboljšanja efikasnosti terapije migrenoznog bola, u odnosu na čvrste farmaceutske oblike (tableta) triptana, za tretman migrenoznog bola razvijeni su i komercijalizovani farmaceutski preparati sumatriptana u obliku rastvora za supkutanu injekciju, spreja za nos i praška za nos, kao i zolmitriptan orodisperzibilna tableta i sprej za nos. Prednosti ovih farmaceutskih preparata su minimalna invazivnost i mogućnost prilagođavanja individualnim terapijskim potrebama pacijenata, u pogledu početka i dužine trajanja dejstva i isporučene doze aktivne supstance. U poslednjih nekoliko godina Evropska agencija za lekove (European Medicines Agency, EMA) i Agencija za hranu i lekove SAD (Food and Drug Administration, FDA) upozorile su na fatalne greške pri upotrebi i zloupotrebi transdermalnih flastera fentanila i ukazale na značaj edukacije zdravstvenih radnika i pacijenata o potencijalnim rizicima. Takođe, savremeni farmaceutski oblici fentanila za terapiju akutnog bola mogu se propisivati i upotrebljavati isključivo u okviru FDA programa za procenu rizika i strategije ograničavanja (Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy, REMS) čiji je cilj obezbeđenje veće koristi od potencijalnih rizika. Još uvek nisu formirani precizni stavovi o značaju skoro odobrenih farmaceutskih proizvoda analgetika, a neophodne su i kliničke procene njihove relativne efikasnosti i podnošljivosti na mestu primene.",
publisher = "Savez farmaceutskih udruženja Srbije, Beograd",
journal = "Arhiv za farmaciju",
title = "Novel pharmaceutical dosage forms of analgesics, Savremeni farmaceutski oblici analgetika",
volume = "68",
number = "6",
pages = "1054-1070",
doi = "10.5937/ArhFarm1806054D"
}

Đekić, L.,& Primorac, M.. (2018). Novel pharmaceutical dosage forms of analgesics. in Arhiv za farmaciju
Savez farmaceutskih udruženja Srbije, Beograd., 68(6), 1054-1070.
https://doi.org/10.5937/ArhFarm1806054D

Đekić L, Primorac M. Novel pharmaceutical dosage forms of analgesics. in Arhiv za farmaciju. 2018;68(6):1054-1070.
doi:10.5937/ArhFarm1806054D .

Đekić, Ljiljana, Primorac, Marija, "Novel pharmaceutical dosage forms of analgesics" in Arhiv za farmaciju, 68, no. 6 (2018):1054-1070,
https://doi.org/10.5937/ArhFarm1806054D . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Đekić, Ljiljana
AU  - Pavlović, Željko
AU  - Primorac, Marija
PY  - 2017
UR  - https://farfar.pharmacy.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/2810
AB  - Liquid spray preparations for cutaneous administration are solutions, suspensions or emulsions that use compressed or converted gas to a liquid state, to disperse the active substance in the form of aerosols or they are propellant-free (not pressurized) pumps and can also disperse the active substance in the form of aerosols. The paper presents data from professional regulations and relevant literature related to dosage forms, characteristics and composition of cutaneous sprays, and on inner packaging (containers and pump/valve systems and sprays), which is their main specificity. They are most commonly formulated as cutaneous spray, solution, for local administration of antimicrobials, or for regional delivery of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and transdermal delivery of hormones. In the development of transdermal sprays, great attention is paid to strategies for improving the drug delivery and therapeutic efficacy (e.g., by using permeation enhancers, colloidal carriers). Equally important is design of inner packaging that should ensure preservation of drug quality, but also precise and reproductive dosing according to the individual therapeutic needs of patients, which, with simple application, good tolerance and satisfactory aesthetic properties, is a significant advantage of cutaneous sprays compared to other liquid and semisolid preparations for cutaneous administration as well as transdermal patches.
AB  - Tečni sprej preparati (sprejevi) za kožu su rastvori, suspenzije ili emulzije koji koriste snagu komprimovanog ili gasa prevedenog u tečno stanje, za raspršivanje aktivne supstance u vidu aerosola ili su to preparati sa pumpom koji ne sadrže propelent (nisu pod pritiskom) i takođe mogu raspršiti aktivnu supstancu u obliku aerosola. U radu su navedeni podaci iz stručnih propisa i relevantne stručne literature koji se odnose na farmaceutske oblike, karakteristike i sastav sprejeva za kožu, i na unutrašnje pakovanje (kontejneri i sistemi pumpi/ventila i raspršivača), koje predstavlja glavnu specifičnost ovih preparata. Najčešće se formulišu u obliku sprejeva za kožu, rastvora, za lokalnu primenu atimikrobnih supstanci ili za regionalnu isporuku nesteroidnih antiiflamatornih lekova (NSAIL) i transdermalnu isporuku hormona. U razvoju transdermalnih sprejeva za kožu velika pažnja se pridaje strategijama za unapređenje isporuke lekovitih supstanci i njihove terapijske efikasnosti (npr. korišćenjem permeacionih inhensera, koloidnih nosača). Podjednako značajan je i dizajn unutrašnjeg pakovanja koje treba da obezbedi očuvanje kvaliteta leka, ali i precizno i reproduktivno doziranje u skladu sa individualnim terapijskim potrebama pacijenata, što je uz jednostavnu primenu, dobru podnošljivost i zadovoljavajuća estetska svojstva, značajna prednost sprejeva za kožu u poređenju sa ostalim tečnim i polučvrstim preparatima za primenu na koži i transdermalnim flasterima.
PB  - Savez farmaceutskih udruženja Srbije, Beograd
T2  - Arhiv za farmaciju
T1  - Characteristics and application of cutaneous spray preparations in dermal and transdermal drug delivery
T1  - Karakteristike i mogućnosti primene sprejeva za kožu u dermalnoj i transdermalnoj isporuci lekova
VL  - 67
IS  - 6
SP  - 345
EP  - 359
DO  - 10.5937/arhfarm1706345D
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Đekić, Ljiljana and Pavlović, Željko and Primorac, Marija",
year = "2017",
abstract = "Liquid spray preparations for cutaneous administration are solutions, suspensions or emulsions that use compressed or converted gas to a liquid state, to disperse the active substance in the form of aerosols or they are propellant-free (not pressurized) pumps and can also disperse the active substance in the form of aerosols. The paper presents data from professional regulations and relevant literature related to dosage forms, characteristics and composition of cutaneous sprays, and on inner packaging (containers and pump/valve systems and sprays), which is their main specificity. They are most commonly formulated as cutaneous spray, solution, for local administration of antimicrobials, or for regional delivery of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and transdermal delivery of hormones. In the development of transdermal sprays, great attention is paid to strategies for improving the drug delivery and therapeutic efficacy (e.g., by using permeation enhancers, colloidal carriers). Equally important is design of inner packaging that should ensure preservation of drug quality, but also precise and reproductive dosing according to the individual therapeutic needs of patients, which, with simple application, good tolerance and satisfactory aesthetic properties, is a significant advantage of cutaneous sprays compared to other liquid and semisolid preparations for cutaneous administration as well as transdermal patches., Tečni sprej preparati (sprejevi) za kožu su rastvori, suspenzije ili emulzije koji koriste snagu komprimovanog ili gasa prevedenog u tečno stanje, za raspršivanje aktivne supstance u vidu aerosola ili su to preparati sa pumpom koji ne sadrže propelent (nisu pod pritiskom) i takođe mogu raspršiti aktivnu supstancu u obliku aerosola. U radu su navedeni podaci iz stručnih propisa i relevantne stručne literature koji se odnose na farmaceutske oblike, karakteristike i sastav sprejeva za kožu, i na unutrašnje pakovanje (kontejneri i sistemi pumpi/ventila i raspršivača), koje predstavlja glavnu specifičnost ovih preparata. Najčešće se formulišu u obliku sprejeva za kožu, rastvora, za lokalnu primenu atimikrobnih supstanci ili za regionalnu isporuku nesteroidnih antiiflamatornih lekova (NSAIL) i transdermalnu isporuku hormona. U razvoju transdermalnih sprejeva za kožu velika pažnja se pridaje strategijama za unapređenje isporuke lekovitih supstanci i njihove terapijske efikasnosti (npr. korišćenjem permeacionih inhensera, koloidnih nosača). Podjednako značajan je i dizajn unutrašnjeg pakovanja koje treba da obezbedi očuvanje kvaliteta leka, ali i precizno i reproduktivno doziranje u skladu sa individualnim terapijskim potrebama pacijenata, što je uz jednostavnu primenu, dobru podnošljivost i zadovoljavajuća estetska svojstva, značajna prednost sprejeva za kožu u poređenju sa ostalim tečnim i polučvrstim preparatima za primenu na koži i transdermalnim flasterima.",
publisher = "Savez farmaceutskih udruženja Srbije, Beograd",
journal = "Arhiv za farmaciju",
title = "Characteristics and application of cutaneous spray preparations in dermal and transdermal drug delivery, Karakteristike i mogućnosti primene sprejeva za kožu u dermalnoj i transdermalnoj isporuci lekova",
volume = "67",
number = "6",
pages = "345-359",
doi = "10.5937/arhfarm1706345D"
}

Đekić, L., Pavlović, Ž.,& Primorac, M.. (2017). Characteristics and application of cutaneous spray preparations in dermal and transdermal drug delivery. in Arhiv za farmaciju
Savez farmaceutskih udruženja Srbije, Beograd., 67(6), 345-359.
https://doi.org/10.5937/arhfarm1706345D

Đekić L, Pavlović Ž, Primorac M. Characteristics and application of cutaneous spray preparations in dermal and transdermal drug delivery. in Arhiv za farmaciju. 2017;67(6):345-359.
doi:10.5937/arhfarm1706345D .

Đekić, Ljiljana, Pavlović, Željko, Primorac, Marija, "Characteristics and application of cutaneous spray preparations in dermal and transdermal drug delivery" in Arhiv za farmaciju, 67, no. 6 (2017):345-359,
https://doi.org/10.5937/arhfarm1706345D . .

TY  - CHAP
AU  - Đekić, Ljiljana
AU  - Primorac, Marija
PY  - 2017
UR  - https://farfar.pharmacy.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/2989
AB  - This chapter reviews current progress in development of microemulsion- and nanoemulsion-based drug delivery systems as carriers for nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) which are members of class II active pharmaceutical ingredients according to the Biopharmaceutical Classification System (e.g., ibuprofen, diclofenac, ketoprofen, celecoxib, etodolac). Thermodynamical and physicochemical considerations on microemulsions and nanoemulsions are presented concisely. The main experimental approaches in design of microemulsion/nanoemulsion carriers as well as their preconcentrates (self-micro/nanoemulsifying systems) are described. The performances of the characterization techniques employed in evaluation of self-micro/nanoemulsification process and identification and differentiation of microemulsion/nanoemulsion carriers are commented. The potential advantages of NSAIDs encapsulation by using microemulsion/nanoemulsion carriers, including development of physically stable pharmaceutical dosage form with high drug loading capacity, dispersibility, rate and extent of absorption, and thus increased bioavailability, are illustrated by observations and conclusions derived from the extensive results of the relevant studies in this field.
PB  - Elsevier Inc.
T2  - Microsized and Nanosized Carriers for Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs: Formulation Challenges a
T1  - Microemulsions and Nanoemulsions as Carriers for Delivery of NSAIDs
SP  - 69
EP  - 94
DO  - 10.1016/B978-0-12-804017-1.00003-0
ER  - 

@inbook{
author = "Đekić, Ljiljana and Primorac, Marija",
year = "2017",
abstract = "This chapter reviews current progress in development of microemulsion- and nanoemulsion-based drug delivery systems as carriers for nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) which are members of class II active pharmaceutical ingredients according to the Biopharmaceutical Classification System (e.g., ibuprofen, diclofenac, ketoprofen, celecoxib, etodolac). Thermodynamical and physicochemical considerations on microemulsions and nanoemulsions are presented concisely. The main experimental approaches in design of microemulsion/nanoemulsion carriers as well as their preconcentrates (self-micro/nanoemulsifying systems) are described. The performances of the characterization techniques employed in evaluation of self-micro/nanoemulsification process and identification and differentiation of microemulsion/nanoemulsion carriers are commented. The potential advantages of NSAIDs encapsulation by using microemulsion/nanoemulsion carriers, including development of physically stable pharmaceutical dosage form with high drug loading capacity, dispersibility, rate and extent of absorption, and thus increased bioavailability, are illustrated by observations and conclusions derived from the extensive results of the relevant studies in this field.",
publisher = "Elsevier Inc.",
journal = "Microsized and Nanosized Carriers for Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs: Formulation Challenges a",
booktitle = "Microemulsions and Nanoemulsions as Carriers for Delivery of NSAIDs",
pages = "69-94",
doi = "10.1016/B978-0-12-804017-1.00003-0"
}

Đekić, L.,& Primorac, M.. (2017). Microemulsions and Nanoemulsions as Carriers for Delivery of NSAIDs. in Microsized and Nanosized Carriers for Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs: Formulation Challenges a
Elsevier Inc.., 69-94.
https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-804017-1.00003-0

Đekić L, Primorac M. Microemulsions and Nanoemulsions as Carriers for Delivery of NSAIDs. in Microsized and Nanosized Carriers for Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs: Formulation Challenges a. 2017;:69-94.
doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-804017-1.00003-0 .

Đekić, Ljiljana, Primorac, Marija, "Microemulsions and Nanoemulsions as Carriers for Delivery of NSAIDs" in Microsized and Nanosized Carriers for Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs: Formulation Challenges a (2017):69-94,
https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-804017-1.00003-0 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Đekić, Ljiljana
AU  - Janković, Jovana
AU  - Čalija, Bojan
AU  - Primorac, Marija
PY  - 2017
UR  - https://farfar.pharmacy.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/2825
AB  - The study aimed to develop semisolid self-microemulsifying drug delivery systems (SMEDDSs) as carriers for oral delivery of aciclovir in hard hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC) capsules. Six selfdispersing systems (SD1-SD6) were prepared by loading aciclovir into the semisolid formulations consisting of medium chain length triglycerides (lipid), macrogolglycerol hydroxystearate (surfactant), polyglyceryl-3-dioleate (cosurfactant), glycerol (hydrophilic cosolvent), and macrogol 8000 (viscosity modifier). Their characterization was performed in order to identify the semisolid system with rheological behaviour suitable for filling in hard HPMC capsules and fast dispersibility in acidic and alkaline aqueous media with formation of oil-in-water microemulsions. The optimal SMEDDS was loaded with aciclovir at two levels (2% and 33.33%) and morphology and aqueous dispersibility of the obtained systems were examined by applying light microscopy and photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS), respectively. The assessment of diffusivity of aciclovir from the SMEDDSs by using an enhancer cell model, showed that it was increased at a higher drug loading. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis indicated that the SMEDDSs were semisolids at temperatures up to 50 degrees C and physically stable and compatible with HPMC capsules for 3 months storage at 25 degrees C and 4 degrees C. The results of in vitro release study revealed that the designed solid dosage form based on the semisolid SMEDDS loaded with the therapeutic dose of 200 mg, may control partitioning of the solubilized drug from in situ formed oil-inwater microemulsion carrier into the sorrounding aqueous media, and hence decrease the risk for precipitation of the drug.
PB  - Elsevier Science BV, Amsterdam
T2  - International Journal of Pharmaceutics
T1  - Development of semisolid self-microemulsifying drug delivery systems (SMEDDSs) filled in hard capsules for oral delivery of aciclovir
VL  - 528
IS  - 1-2
SP  - 372
EP  - 380
DO  - 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.06.028
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Đekić, Ljiljana and Janković, Jovana and Čalija, Bojan and Primorac, Marija",
year = "2017",
abstract = "The study aimed to develop semisolid self-microemulsifying drug delivery systems (SMEDDSs) as carriers for oral delivery of aciclovir in hard hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC) capsules. Six selfdispersing systems (SD1-SD6) were prepared by loading aciclovir into the semisolid formulations consisting of medium chain length triglycerides (lipid), macrogolglycerol hydroxystearate (surfactant), polyglyceryl-3-dioleate (cosurfactant), glycerol (hydrophilic cosolvent), and macrogol 8000 (viscosity modifier). Their characterization was performed in order to identify the semisolid system with rheological behaviour suitable for filling in hard HPMC capsules and fast dispersibility in acidic and alkaline aqueous media with formation of oil-in-water microemulsions. The optimal SMEDDS was loaded with aciclovir at two levels (2% and 33.33%) and morphology and aqueous dispersibility of the obtained systems were examined by applying light microscopy and photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS), respectively. The assessment of diffusivity of aciclovir from the SMEDDSs by using an enhancer cell model, showed that it was increased at a higher drug loading. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis indicated that the SMEDDSs were semisolids at temperatures up to 50 degrees C and physically stable and compatible with HPMC capsules for 3 months storage at 25 degrees C and 4 degrees C. The results of in vitro release study revealed that the designed solid dosage form based on the semisolid SMEDDS loaded with the therapeutic dose of 200 mg, may control partitioning of the solubilized drug from in situ formed oil-inwater microemulsion carrier into the sorrounding aqueous media, and hence decrease the risk for precipitation of the drug.",
publisher = "Elsevier Science BV, Amsterdam",
journal = "International Journal of Pharmaceutics",
title = "Development of semisolid self-microemulsifying drug delivery systems (SMEDDSs) filled in hard capsules for oral delivery of aciclovir",
volume = "528",
number = "1-2",
pages = "372-380",
doi = "10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.06.028"
}

Đekić, L., Janković, J., Čalija, B.,& Primorac, M.. (2017). Development of semisolid self-microemulsifying drug delivery systems (SMEDDSs) filled in hard capsules for oral delivery of aciclovir. in International Journal of Pharmaceutics
Elsevier Science BV, Amsterdam., 528(1-2), 372-380.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.06.028

Đekić L, Janković J, Čalija B, Primorac M. Development of semisolid self-microemulsifying drug delivery systems (SMEDDSs) filled in hard capsules for oral delivery of aciclovir. in International Journal of Pharmaceutics. 2017;528(1-2):372-380.
doi:10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.06.028 .

Đekić, Ljiljana, Janković, Jovana, Čalija, Bojan, Primorac, Marija, "Development of semisolid self-microemulsifying drug delivery systems (SMEDDSs) filled in hard capsules for oral delivery of aciclovir" in International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 528, no. 1-2 (2017):372-380,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.06.028 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Đekić, Ljiljana
AU  - Martinović, Martina
AU  - Stepanović-Petrović, Radica
AU  - Micov, Ana
AU  - Tomić, Maja
AU  - Primorac, Marija
PY  - 2016
UR  - https://farfar.pharmacy.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/2714
AB  - The study investigated usage of hydrogel of an anionic polymer xanthan gum for design of ibuprofen-loaded hydrogel-thickened microemulsions (HTMs) from the nonionic oil-in-water microemulsion (M). Xanthan gum demonstrated the performances of a thickening agent in physically stable HTMs at 5 +/- 3 degrees C, 20 +/- 3 degrees C, and 40 +/- 1 degrees C during 6 months. The results of physicochemical characterization (pH, conductivity, rheological behaviour, spreadability) indicated that HTMs containing 0.25-1.00% of the polymer had colloidal structure with oil nanodroplets of 1434 +/- 0.98 nm (PdI 0220 +/- 0.075) dispersed in aqueous phase thickened with the polymer gel network which strength depended on the polymer concentration. HTMs with ibuprofen (5%) were evaluated as percutaneous drug delivery carriers. In vitro ibuprofen release from HTMs followed zero order kinetic (r > 0.995) for 12 h, while the referent hydrogel was described by Higuchi model. The HTM with optimized drug release rate and spreadability (HTM1) and the polymer-free microemulsion (M) were assessed and compared with the referent hydrogel in in vivo studies in rats. HTM1 and M were significantly more efficacious than reference hydrogel in producing antihyperalgesic and at lower extent antiedematous activity in prophylactic topical treatment protocol, whilst they were comparable in producing antihyperalgesic/antiedematous effects in therapeutic protocol. Topical treatments produced no obvious skin irritation.
PB  - Elsevier Science BV, Amsterdam
T2  - European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
T1  - Formulation of hydrogel-thickened nonionic microemulsions with enhanced percutaneous delivery of ibuprofen assessed in vivo in rats
VL  - 92
SP  - 255
EP  - 265
DO  - 10.1016/j.ejps.2016.05.005
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Đekić, Ljiljana and Martinović, Martina and Stepanović-Petrović, Radica and Micov, Ana and Tomić, Maja and Primorac, Marija",
year = "2016",
abstract = "The study investigated usage of hydrogel of an anionic polymer xanthan gum for design of ibuprofen-loaded hydrogel-thickened microemulsions (HTMs) from the nonionic oil-in-water microemulsion (M). Xanthan gum demonstrated the performances of a thickening agent in physically stable HTMs at 5 +/- 3 degrees C, 20 +/- 3 degrees C, and 40 +/- 1 degrees C during 6 months. The results of physicochemical characterization (pH, conductivity, rheological behaviour, spreadability) indicated that HTMs containing 0.25-1.00% of the polymer had colloidal structure with oil nanodroplets of 1434 +/- 0.98 nm (PdI 0220 +/- 0.075) dispersed in aqueous phase thickened with the polymer gel network which strength depended on the polymer concentration. HTMs with ibuprofen (5%) were evaluated as percutaneous drug delivery carriers. In vitro ibuprofen release from HTMs followed zero order kinetic (r > 0.995) for 12 h, while the referent hydrogel was described by Higuchi model. The HTM with optimized drug release rate and spreadability (HTM1) and the polymer-free microemulsion (M) were assessed and compared with the referent hydrogel in in vivo studies in rats. HTM1 and M were significantly more efficacious than reference hydrogel in producing antihyperalgesic and at lower extent antiedematous activity in prophylactic topical treatment protocol, whilst they were comparable in producing antihyperalgesic/antiedematous effects in therapeutic protocol. Topical treatments produced no obvious skin irritation.",
publisher = "Elsevier Science BV, Amsterdam",
journal = "European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences",
title = "Formulation of hydrogel-thickened nonionic microemulsions with enhanced percutaneous delivery of ibuprofen assessed in vivo in rats",
volume = "92",
pages = "255-265",
doi = "10.1016/j.ejps.2016.05.005"
}

Đekić, L., Martinović, M., Stepanović-Petrović, R., Micov, A., Tomić, M.,& Primorac, M.. (2016). Formulation of hydrogel-thickened nonionic microemulsions with enhanced percutaneous delivery of ibuprofen assessed in vivo in rats. in European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
Elsevier Science BV, Amsterdam., 92, 255-265.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejps.2016.05.005

Đekić L, Martinović M, Stepanović-Petrović R, Micov A, Tomić M, Primorac M. Formulation of hydrogel-thickened nonionic microemulsions with enhanced percutaneous delivery of ibuprofen assessed in vivo in rats. in European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2016;92:255-265.
doi:10.1016/j.ejps.2016.05.005 .

Đekić, Ljiljana, Martinović, Martina, Stepanović-Petrović, Radica, Micov, Ana, Tomić, Maja, Primorac, Marija, "Formulation of hydrogel-thickened nonionic microemulsions with enhanced percutaneous delivery of ibuprofen assessed in vivo in rats" in European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 92 (2016):255-265,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejps.2016.05.005 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Đekić, Ljiljana
AU  - Primorac, Marija
PY  - 2016
UR  - https://farfar.pharmacy.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/2759
AB  - The use of therapeutic systems for hormonal contraception (TSHC) represents an important alternative approach for prevention of unintended pregnancies in comparison to oral hormonal contraceptives, whereby the risk of gastrointestinal adverse effects eliminates, the reduction of the therapeutic dose, the frequency of application and the undesired side effects enable and the adherence increases. So far, the marketed therapeutic systems are designed as transdermal patches, subdermal (subcutaneous) implants, vaginal rings, and intrauterine systems (IUS) for progestin-only hormonal contraception (by progesterone, levonorgestrel, etonogestrel, nestorone), or for combined hormonal contraception (ethinyl estradiol + norelgestormin, gestodene + ethinyl estradiol, etonogestrel + ethinyl estradiol, levonorgestrel + ethinyl estradiol, ethinyl estradiol + nestorone, nestorone + estradiol). The article describes the common characteristics of the different types of TSHC as well as specificity in terms of their design, composition and application. The main mechanisms for achieving controlled sustained release of the hormones and the efficiency of the delivery of the active substances in various TSHC are described. The main current approaches to design therapeutic system of this type in order to simplify their application, improve tolerability, acceptability and therapeutic efficiency are presented. The possibility of using novel Multipurpose Prevention Technologies in the development of the therapeutic systems for conception and prevention of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is described.
AB  - Upotreba terapijskih sistema za hormonsku kontracepciju (TSHK) predstavlja značajan alternativni vid sprečavanja neplanirane trudnoće u odnosu na primenu hormonskih kontraceptiva per os, pri čemu se otklanja rizik od gastrointestinalnih neželjenih reakcija, omogućava smanjenje terapijske doze, učestalosti primene i sistemskih neželjenih dejstava i povećava nivo adherence. Do sada su razvijeni terapijski sistemi tipa transdermalnih flastera, subdermalnih (supkutanih) implanata, vaginalnih prstenova i intrauternih terapijskih (dostavnih) sistema (IUS) za hormonsku kontracepciju progestinima (progesteron, levonorgestrel, etonogestrel, nestoron) ili kombinacijama progestina i estrogena (norelgestormin + etinilestradiol, gestoden + etinilestradiol, etonogestrel + etinilestradiol, levonorgestrel + etinilestradiol, nestoron + etinilestradiol, nestoron + estradiol). U radu su prikazane glavne karakteristike navedenih tipova TSHK, kao i specifičnosti farmaceutskih proizvoda ove vrste u pogledu sastava i primene. Opisani su glavni mehanizmi za postizanje kontrolisanog produženog oslobađanja hormona i efikasnost za isporuku aktivnih supstanci kod različitih TSHK. Predstavljeni su najznačajniji savremeni pristupi u dizajnu terapijskih sistema ove vrste sa ciljem da se pojednostavi njihova primena, poboljša podnošljivost, prihvatljivost i terapijska efikasnost, a ukazano je i na mogućnost korišćenja novih tehnologija u razvoju terapijskih sistema za višenamensku prevenciju začeća i infekcije virusom humane imunodeficijencije (human immunodeficiency virus, HIV).
PB  - Savez farmaceutskih udruženja Srbije, Beograd
T2  - Arhiv za farmaciju
T1  - Pharmaceutical-technological aspects of therapeutic systems for hormonal contraception
T1  - Farmaceutsko-tehnološki aspekti terapijskih sistema za hormonsku kontracepciju
VL  - 66
IS  - 5
SP  - 217
EP  - 238
DO  - 10.5937/arhfarm1605217D
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Đekić, Ljiljana and Primorac, Marija",
year = "2016",
abstract = "The use of therapeutic systems for hormonal contraception (TSHC) represents an important alternative approach for prevention of unintended pregnancies in comparison to oral hormonal contraceptives, whereby the risk of gastrointestinal adverse effects eliminates, the reduction of the therapeutic dose, the frequency of application and the undesired side effects enable and the adherence increases. So far, the marketed therapeutic systems are designed as transdermal patches, subdermal (subcutaneous) implants, vaginal rings, and intrauterine systems (IUS) for progestin-only hormonal contraception (by progesterone, levonorgestrel, etonogestrel, nestorone), or for combined hormonal contraception (ethinyl estradiol + norelgestormin, gestodene + ethinyl estradiol, etonogestrel + ethinyl estradiol, levonorgestrel + ethinyl estradiol, ethinyl estradiol + nestorone, nestorone + estradiol). The article describes the common characteristics of the different types of TSHC as well as specificity in terms of their design, composition and application. The main mechanisms for achieving controlled sustained release of the hormones and the efficiency of the delivery of the active substances in various TSHC are described. The main current approaches to design therapeutic system of this type in order to simplify their application, improve tolerability, acceptability and therapeutic efficiency are presented. The possibility of using novel Multipurpose Prevention Technologies in the development of the therapeutic systems for conception and prevention of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is described., Upotreba terapijskih sistema za hormonsku kontracepciju (TSHK) predstavlja značajan alternativni vid sprečavanja neplanirane trudnoće u odnosu na primenu hormonskih kontraceptiva per os, pri čemu se otklanja rizik od gastrointestinalnih neželjenih reakcija, omogućava smanjenje terapijske doze, učestalosti primene i sistemskih neželjenih dejstava i povećava nivo adherence. Do sada su razvijeni terapijski sistemi tipa transdermalnih flastera, subdermalnih (supkutanih) implanata, vaginalnih prstenova i intrauternih terapijskih (dostavnih) sistema (IUS) za hormonsku kontracepciju progestinima (progesteron, levonorgestrel, etonogestrel, nestoron) ili kombinacijama progestina i estrogena (norelgestormin + etinilestradiol, gestoden + etinilestradiol, etonogestrel + etinilestradiol, levonorgestrel + etinilestradiol, nestoron + etinilestradiol, nestoron + estradiol). U radu su prikazane glavne karakteristike navedenih tipova TSHK, kao i specifičnosti farmaceutskih proizvoda ove vrste u pogledu sastava i primene. Opisani su glavni mehanizmi za postizanje kontrolisanog produženog oslobađanja hormona i efikasnost za isporuku aktivnih supstanci kod različitih TSHK. Predstavljeni su najznačajniji savremeni pristupi u dizajnu terapijskih sistema ove vrste sa ciljem da se pojednostavi njihova primena, poboljša podnošljivost, prihvatljivost i terapijska efikasnost, a ukazano je i na mogućnost korišćenja novih tehnologija u razvoju terapijskih sistema za višenamensku prevenciju začeća i infekcije virusom humane imunodeficijencije (human immunodeficiency virus, HIV).",
publisher = "Savez farmaceutskih udruženja Srbije, Beograd",
journal = "Arhiv za farmaciju",
title = "Pharmaceutical-technological aspects of therapeutic systems for hormonal contraception, Farmaceutsko-tehnološki aspekti terapijskih sistema za hormonsku kontracepciju",
volume = "66",
number = "5",
pages = "217-238",
doi = "10.5937/arhfarm1605217D"
}

Đekić, L.,& Primorac, M.. (2016). Pharmaceutical-technological aspects of therapeutic systems for hormonal contraception. in Arhiv za farmaciju
Savez farmaceutskih udruženja Srbije, Beograd., 66(5), 217-238.
https://doi.org/10.5937/arhfarm1605217D

Đekić L, Primorac M. Pharmaceutical-technological aspects of therapeutic systems for hormonal contraception. in Arhiv za farmaciju. 2016;66(5):217-238.
doi:10.5937/arhfarm1605217D .

Đekić, Ljiljana, Primorac, Marija, "Pharmaceutical-technological aspects of therapeutic systems for hormonal contraception" in Arhiv za farmaciju, 66, no. 5 (2016):217-238,
https://doi.org/10.5937/arhfarm1605217D . .

TY  - CHAP
AU  - Đekić, Ljiljana
AU  - Primorac, Marija
PY  - 2016
UR  - https://farfar.pharmacy.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/2732
AB  - The skin, and particularly the most outer layer stratum corneum, is an effective barrier for molecules administered by conventional topical formulations (i.e., ointments, creams, hydrogels). Therefore, vehicles and carriers that enhance percutaneous penetration of active pharmaceutical and cosmetic ingredients are of great interest. Microemulsion-based gels (MBGs) are gel-like systems derived from microemulsions, with growing relevance regarding dermal and transdermal delivery. MBGs are thermodynamically stable, viscoelastic, and thermoreversible transparent or opaque systems, depending on their composition and microstructure. MBGs attracted interest in the development of topical formulations with a view to improve drug permeation through the skin for systemic delivery or to achieve its accumulation in the skin for dermal delivery. This chapter focuses on several biocompatible types of MBGs, i.e., lecithin organogels (LOs), pluronic/lecithin organogels (PLOs), gelatin-stabilized MBGs, and lecithin-linker MBGs, which are at various stages of development toward dermal application, from preliminary in vitro experiments to clinical studies, providing a global view of lecithin-based and gelatin-containing MBGs with special focus on their potential for improvement of cutaneous drug delivery.
PB  - Springer Berlin Heidelberg
T2  - Percutaneous Penetration Enhancers Chemical Methods in Penetration Enhancement: Nanocarriers
T1  - Percutaneous penetration enhancement potential of microemulsion-based organogels
SP  - 263
EP  - 282
DO  - 10.1007/978-3-662-47862-2_17
ER  - 

@inbook{
author = "Đekić, Ljiljana and Primorac, Marija",
year = "2016",
abstract = "The skin, and particularly the most outer layer stratum corneum, is an effective barrier for molecules administered by conventional topical formulations (i.e., ointments, creams, hydrogels). Therefore, vehicles and carriers that enhance percutaneous penetration of active pharmaceutical and cosmetic ingredients are of great interest. Microemulsion-based gels (MBGs) are gel-like systems derived from microemulsions, with growing relevance regarding dermal and transdermal delivery. MBGs are thermodynamically stable, viscoelastic, and thermoreversible transparent or opaque systems, depending on their composition and microstructure. MBGs attracted interest in the development of topical formulations with a view to improve drug permeation through the skin for systemic delivery or to achieve its accumulation in the skin for dermal delivery. This chapter focuses on several biocompatible types of MBGs, i.e., lecithin organogels (LOs), pluronic/lecithin organogels (PLOs), gelatin-stabilized MBGs, and lecithin-linker MBGs, which are at various stages of development toward dermal application, from preliminary in vitro experiments to clinical studies, providing a global view of lecithin-based and gelatin-containing MBGs with special focus on their potential for improvement of cutaneous drug delivery.",
publisher = "Springer Berlin Heidelberg",
journal = "Percutaneous Penetration Enhancers Chemical Methods in Penetration Enhancement: Nanocarriers",
booktitle = "Percutaneous penetration enhancement potential of microemulsion-based organogels",
pages = "263-282",
doi = "10.1007/978-3-662-47862-2_17"
}

Đekić, L.,& Primorac, M.. (2016). Percutaneous penetration enhancement potential of microemulsion-based organogels. in Percutaneous Penetration Enhancers Chemical Methods in Penetration Enhancement: Nanocarriers
Springer Berlin Heidelberg., 263-282.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-47862-2_17

Đekić L, Primorac M. Percutaneous penetration enhancement potential of microemulsion-based organogels. in Percutaneous Penetration Enhancers Chemical Methods in Penetration Enhancement: Nanocarriers. 2016;:263-282.
doi:10.1007/978-3-662-47862-2_17 .

Đekić, Ljiljana, Primorac, Marija, "Percutaneous penetration enhancement potential of microemulsion-based organogels" in Percutaneous Penetration Enhancers Chemical Methods in Penetration Enhancement: Nanocarriers (2016):263-282,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-47862-2_17 . .

TY  - CHAP
AU  - Đekić, Ljiljana
AU  - Primorac, Marija
PY  - 2016
UR  - https://farfar.pharmacy.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/2713
PB  - CRC Press
T2  - Colloids in Drug Delivery
T1  - Microemulsion systems: Application in delivery of poorly soluble drugs
SP  - 245
EP  - 270
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_farfar_2713
ER  - 

@inbook{
author = "Đekić, Ljiljana and Primorac, Marija",
year = "2016",
publisher = "CRC Press",
journal = "Colloids in Drug Delivery",
booktitle = "Microemulsion systems: Application in delivery of poorly soluble drugs",
pages = "245-270",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_farfar_2713"
}

Đekić, L.,& Primorac, M.. (2016). Microemulsion systems: Application in delivery of poorly soluble drugs. in Colloids in Drug Delivery
CRC Press., 245-270.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_farfar_2713

Đekić L, Primorac M. Microemulsion systems: Application in delivery of poorly soluble drugs. in Colloids in Drug Delivery. 2016;:245-270.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_farfar_2713 .

Đekić, Ljiljana, Primorac, Marija, "Microemulsion systems: Application in delivery of poorly soluble drugs" in Colloids in Drug Delivery (2016):245-270,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_farfar_2713 .

TY  - CHAP
AU  - Đekić, Ljiljana
AU  - Martinović, Martina
AU  - Primorac, Marija
PY  - 2016
UR  - https://farfar.pharmacy.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/2702
AB  - The current research in cutaneous and percutaneous drug delivery is focused on design of advanced carriers with enhanced applicability, stability, drug-loading capacity, and drug penetration/permeation ability. Microemulsion hydrogels (MHs) are carriers which attract the attention of a growing number of researchers who aimed to enhace dermal or transdermal delivery of drugs which are common therapeutics for different skin disorders or systemic deseases such as infections, androgenic alopecia, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, and spondylitis, respectively. Microemulsion hydrogels is a heterogeneous group of the drug delivery systems which usually represent thermodynamically stable systems comprising dispersed oil phase within a continuous aqueous phase which is thickened with a suitable hydrophilic polymer. This chapter summarises a novel observations regarding physicochemical properties, physical and chemical stability, and drug delivery potential of this type of drug delivery systems, based on comprehensive review of the research results from the relevant scientific publications. Particularly, the chapter describes the rheological behaviour of microemulsion hydrogels and elucidates the role of the most commonly used synthetic and natural hydrophilic polymers (such as carbomers, hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC), hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), xanthan gum, poloxamers) as gelling agents. Furthermore, the recently established models of the complex structure of different microemulsion hydrogels, the in vitro drug release profiles, the ex vivo permeation profiles, and the in vivo drug delivery availability of different drug molecules from the investigated systems, are described. The skin compatibility and skin irritation potential aspect of the selected hydrogel-thickened microemulsion systems is commented. The most important findings of the selected studies on microemulsion hydrogels were presented in order to illustrate their potential for achievement of topical, regional or transdermal drug delivery, including sustained drug delivery, as well as to compare to that of conventional hydrogels, microemulsions, and creams.
PB  - Nova Science Publishers, Inc.
T2  - Microemulsions: Systems, Properties and Applications
T1  - Microemulsion hydrogels - properties and current applications in drug delivery
SP  - 1
EP  - 36
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_farfar_2702
ER  - 

@inbook{
author = "Đekić, Ljiljana and Martinović, Martina and Primorac, Marija",
year = "2016",
abstract = "The current research in cutaneous and percutaneous drug delivery is focused on design of advanced carriers with enhanced applicability, stability, drug-loading capacity, and drug penetration/permeation ability. Microemulsion hydrogels (MHs) are carriers which attract the attention of a growing number of researchers who aimed to enhace dermal or transdermal delivery of drugs which are common therapeutics for different skin disorders or systemic deseases such as infections, androgenic alopecia, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, and spondylitis, respectively. Microemulsion hydrogels is a heterogeneous group of the drug delivery systems which usually represent thermodynamically stable systems comprising dispersed oil phase within a continuous aqueous phase which is thickened with a suitable hydrophilic polymer. This chapter summarises a novel observations regarding physicochemical properties, physical and chemical stability, and drug delivery potential of this type of drug delivery systems, based on comprehensive review of the research results from the relevant scientific publications. Particularly, the chapter describes the rheological behaviour of microemulsion hydrogels and elucidates the role of the most commonly used synthetic and natural hydrophilic polymers (such as carbomers, hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC), hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), xanthan gum, poloxamers) as gelling agents. Furthermore, the recently established models of the complex structure of different microemulsion hydrogels, the in vitro drug release profiles, the ex vivo permeation profiles, and the in vivo drug delivery availability of different drug molecules from the investigated systems, are described. The skin compatibility and skin irritation potential aspect of the selected hydrogel-thickened microemulsion systems is commented. The most important findings of the selected studies on microemulsion hydrogels were presented in order to illustrate their potential for achievement of topical, regional or transdermal drug delivery, including sustained drug delivery, as well as to compare to that of conventional hydrogels, microemulsions, and creams.",
publisher = "Nova Science Publishers, Inc.",
journal = "Microemulsions: Systems, Properties and Applications",
booktitle = "Microemulsion hydrogels - properties and current applications in drug delivery",
pages = "1-36",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_farfar_2702"
}

Đekić, L., Martinović, M.,& Primorac, M.. (2016). Microemulsion hydrogels - properties and current applications in drug delivery. in Microemulsions: Systems, Properties and Applications
Nova Science Publishers, Inc.., 1-36.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_farfar_2702

Đekić L, Martinović M, Primorac M. Microemulsion hydrogels - properties and current applications in drug delivery. in Microemulsions: Systems, Properties and Applications. 2016;:1-36.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_farfar_2702 .

Đekić, Ljiljana, Martinović, Martina, Primorac, Marija, "Microemulsion hydrogels - properties and current applications in drug delivery" in Microemulsions: Systems, Properties and Applications (2016):1-36,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_farfar_2702 .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Janković, Jovana
AU  - Đekić, Ljiljana
AU  - Dobričić, Vladimir
AU  - Primorac, Marija
PY  - 2016
UR  - https://farfar.pharmacy.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/2579
AB  - The study investigated the influence of formulation parameters for design of self-microemulsifying drug delivery systems (SMEDDSs) comprising oil (medium chain triglycerides) (10%), surfactant (Labrasol (R), polysorbate 20, or Kolliphor (R) RH40), cosurfactant (Plurol (R) Oleique CC 497) (q.s. ad 100%), and cosolvent (glycerol or macrogol 400) (20% or 30%), and evaluate their potential as carriers for oral delivery of a poorly permeable antivirotic aciclovir (acyclovir). The drug loading capacity of the prepared formulations ranged from 0.18-31.66 mg/ml. Among a total of 60 formulations, three formulations meet the limits for average droplet size (Z-ave) and polydispersity index (PdI) that have been set for SMEDDSs (Z-ave  lt = 100 nm, PdI  lt  0.250) upon spontaneous dispersion in 0.1 M HCl and phosphate buffer pH 7.2. SMEDDSs with the highest aciclovir loading capacity (24.06 mg/ml and 21.12 mg/ml) provided the in vitro drug release rates of 0.325 mg cm (2) min (1) and 0.323 mg cm (2) min (1), respectively, and significantly enhanced drug permeability in the parallel artificial membrane permeability assay (PAMPA), in comparison with the pure drug substance. The results revealed that development of SMEDDSs with enhanced drug loading capacity and oral delivery potential, required optimization of hydrophilic ingredients, in terms of size of hydrophilic moiety of the surfactant, surfactant-to-cosurfactant mass ratio (Km), and log P of the cosolvent.
PB  - Elsevier Science BV, Amsterdam
T2  - International Journal of Pharmaceutics
T1  - Evaluation of critical formulation parameters in design and differentiation of self-microemulsifying drug delivery systems (SMEDDSs) for oral delivery of aciclovir
VL  - 497
IS  - 1-2
SP  - 301
EP  - 311
DO  - 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.11.011
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Janković, Jovana and Đekić, Ljiljana and Dobričić, Vladimir and Primorac, Marija",
year = "2016",
abstract = "The study investigated the influence of formulation parameters for design of self-microemulsifying drug delivery systems (SMEDDSs) comprising oil (medium chain triglycerides) (10%), surfactant (Labrasol (R), polysorbate 20, or Kolliphor (R) RH40), cosurfactant (Plurol (R) Oleique CC 497) (q.s. ad 100%), and cosolvent (glycerol or macrogol 400) (20% or 30%), and evaluate their potential as carriers for oral delivery of a poorly permeable antivirotic aciclovir (acyclovir). The drug loading capacity of the prepared formulations ranged from 0.18-31.66 mg/ml. Among a total of 60 formulations, three formulations meet the limits for average droplet size (Z-ave) and polydispersity index (PdI) that have been set for SMEDDSs (Z-ave  lt = 100 nm, PdI  lt  0.250) upon spontaneous dispersion in 0.1 M HCl and phosphate buffer pH 7.2. SMEDDSs with the highest aciclovir loading capacity (24.06 mg/ml and 21.12 mg/ml) provided the in vitro drug release rates of 0.325 mg cm (2) min (1) and 0.323 mg cm (2) min (1), respectively, and significantly enhanced drug permeability in the parallel artificial membrane permeability assay (PAMPA), in comparison with the pure drug substance. The results revealed that development of SMEDDSs with enhanced drug loading capacity and oral delivery potential, required optimization of hydrophilic ingredients, in terms of size of hydrophilic moiety of the surfactant, surfactant-to-cosurfactant mass ratio (Km), and log P of the cosolvent.",
publisher = "Elsevier Science BV, Amsterdam",
journal = "International Journal of Pharmaceutics",
title = "Evaluation of critical formulation parameters in design and differentiation of self-microemulsifying drug delivery systems (SMEDDSs) for oral delivery of aciclovir",
volume = "497",
number = "1-2",
pages = "301-311",
doi = "10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.11.011"
}

Janković, J., Đekić, L., Dobričić, V.,& Primorac, M.. (2016). Evaluation of critical formulation parameters in design and differentiation of self-microemulsifying drug delivery systems (SMEDDSs) for oral delivery of aciclovir. in International Journal of Pharmaceutics
Elsevier Science BV, Amsterdam., 497(1-2), 301-311.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.11.011

Janković J, Đekić L, Dobričić V, Primorac M. Evaluation of critical formulation parameters in design and differentiation of self-microemulsifying drug delivery systems (SMEDDSs) for oral delivery of aciclovir. in International Journal of Pharmaceutics. 2016;497(1-2):301-311.
doi:10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.11.011 .

Janković, Jovana, Đekić, Ljiljana, Dobričić, Vladimir, Primorac, Marija, "Evaluation of critical formulation parameters in design and differentiation of self-microemulsifying drug delivery systems (SMEDDSs) for oral delivery of aciclovir" in International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 497, no. 1-2 (2016):301-311,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.11.011 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Đekić, Ljiljana
AU  - Martinović, Martina
AU  - Stepanović-Petrović, Radica
AU  - Tomić, Maja
AU  - Micov, Ana
AU  - Primorac, Marija
PY  - 2015
UR  - https://farfar.pharmacy.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/2426
AB  - Nonionic surfactants (caprylocaproyl macrogol-8 glycerides, octoxynol-12, polysorbate-20, and polyethylene glycol-40 hydrogenated castor oil) (47.03%, w/w), costabilizer (poloxamer 407) (12%-20%, w/w), oil (isopropyl myristate) (5.22%, w/w), water (q.s. ad 100%, w/w), and ibuprofen (5%, w/w) were used to develop oil-in-water microemulsions with Newtonian flow behavior, low viscosity (from 368 +/- 38 to 916 +/- 46 mPa s), and average droplet size from 14.79 +/- 0.31 to 16.54 +/- 0.75 nm. Ibuprofen in vitro release from the microemulsions was in accordance with zero-order kinetics (R-0(2) > 0.99) for at least 12 h. The maximum drug release rate (3.55%h(-1)) was from the microemulsion M3 comprising 16%, w/w of poloxamer 407. The release rate of ibuprofen from the reference hydrogel followed Higuchi kinetics (R-H(2) > 0.99), and drug amount released after the 6th hour was negligible. In a rat model of inflammation, the microemulsion M3 was significantly more efficacious than the reference hydrogel in exerting antihyperalgesic effects in prophylactic topical treatment, whereas they were comparable in therapeutic treatment as well as in producing antiedematous effect in both protocols. No obvious skin irritation was observed in in vivo studies. The developed nonionic surfactants-based microemulsions containing the optimal concentration of poloxamer 407 could be promising carriers for sustained regional delivery of ibuprofen via topical administration.
PB  - Wiley, Hoboken
T2  - Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
T1  - Design of Block Copolymer Costabilized Nonionic Microemulsions and Their In Vitro and In Vivo Assessment as Carriers for Sustained Regional Delivery of Ibuprofen via Topical Administration
VL  - 104
IS  - 8
SP  - 2501
EP  - 2512
DO  - 10.1002/jps.24494
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Đekić, Ljiljana and Martinović, Martina and Stepanović-Petrović, Radica and Tomić, Maja and Micov, Ana and Primorac, Marija",
year = "2015",
abstract = "Nonionic surfactants (caprylocaproyl macrogol-8 glycerides, octoxynol-12, polysorbate-20, and polyethylene glycol-40 hydrogenated castor oil) (47.03%, w/w), costabilizer (poloxamer 407) (12%-20%, w/w), oil (isopropyl myristate) (5.22%, w/w), water (q.s. ad 100%, w/w), and ibuprofen (5%, w/w) were used to develop oil-in-water microemulsions with Newtonian flow behavior, low viscosity (from 368 +/- 38 to 916 +/- 46 mPa s), and average droplet size from 14.79 +/- 0.31 to 16.54 +/- 0.75 nm. Ibuprofen in vitro release from the microemulsions was in accordance with zero-order kinetics (R-0(2) > 0.99) for at least 12 h. The maximum drug release rate (3.55%h(-1)) was from the microemulsion M3 comprising 16%, w/w of poloxamer 407. The release rate of ibuprofen from the reference hydrogel followed Higuchi kinetics (R-H(2) > 0.99), and drug amount released after the 6th hour was negligible. In a rat model of inflammation, the microemulsion M3 was significantly more efficacious than the reference hydrogel in exerting antihyperalgesic effects in prophylactic topical treatment, whereas they were comparable in therapeutic treatment as well as in producing antiedematous effect in both protocols. No obvious skin irritation was observed in in vivo studies. The developed nonionic surfactants-based microemulsions containing the optimal concentration of poloxamer 407 could be promising carriers for sustained regional delivery of ibuprofen via topical administration.",
publisher = "Wiley, Hoboken",
journal = "Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences",
title = "Design of Block Copolymer Costabilized Nonionic Microemulsions and Their In Vitro and In Vivo Assessment as Carriers for Sustained Regional Delivery of Ibuprofen via Topical Administration",
volume = "104",
number = "8",
pages = "2501-2512",
doi = "10.1002/jps.24494"
}

Đekić, L., Martinović, M., Stepanović-Petrović, R., Tomić, M., Micov, A.,& Primorac, M.. (2015). Design of Block Copolymer Costabilized Nonionic Microemulsions and Their In Vitro and In Vivo Assessment as Carriers for Sustained Regional Delivery of Ibuprofen via Topical Administration. in Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
Wiley, Hoboken., 104(8), 2501-2512.
https://doi.org/10.1002/jps.24494

Đekić L, Martinović M, Stepanović-Petrović R, Tomić M, Micov A, Primorac M. Design of Block Copolymer Costabilized Nonionic Microemulsions and Their In Vitro and In Vivo Assessment as Carriers for Sustained Regional Delivery of Ibuprofen via Topical Administration. in Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2015;104(8):2501-2512.
doi:10.1002/jps.24494 .

Đekić, Ljiljana, Martinović, Martina, Stepanović-Petrović, Radica, Tomić, Maja, Micov, Ana, Primorac, Marija, "Design of Block Copolymer Costabilized Nonionic Microemulsions and Their In Vitro and In Vivo Assessment as Carriers for Sustained Regional Delivery of Ibuprofen via Topical Administration" in Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 104, no. 8 (2015):2501-2512,
https://doi.org/10.1002/jps.24494 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Emeti, Ana
AU  - Vasiljević, Dragana
AU  - Primorac, Marija
AU  - Vuleta, Gordana
PY  - 2015
UR  - https://farfar.pharmacy.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/2500
AB  - Sea water, salt and mud have been used for centuries in beautification treatments, but their active ingredients have become a recent challenge in formulating new cosmetic products. Cosmetic ingredients which originate from the sea, are mostly obtained from algae, microalgae, marine sponges, corals and microorganisms. Exopolysaccharides (EPS) are new cosmetic ingredients produced by marine micro-organisms. They are used to protect skin from harmful external influences, give it softness and minimize fine lines. Pseudopterosins, present in the extracts of corals, are used to soothe the skin, while marine sponges are one of the major alternative to animal-derived collagen. Algae have been the most researched group, with the greatest potential among different sources of marine ingredients. Carrageenan, agar, and alginates from algae act as humectants, thickeners and gelling agents. The active ingredients of algae extracts (polysaccharides, proteins, vitamins, minerals) could hydrate, minimize fine lines, protect the skin from UV radiation, decrease redness and cellulite.
AB  - Morska voda, so i mulj koriste se od davnina u tretmanima za ulepšavanje, ali se njihovi aktivni sastojci tek od nedavno koriste za izradu kozmetičkih proizvoda. Kozmetičke sirovine poreklom iz mora najviše se dobijaju iz algi i mikroalgi, mikroorganizama, sunđera i korala. Egzopolisaharidi su novije kozmetičke sirovine koje proizvode morski mikroorganizmi. Navodi se da oni štite kožu od štetnih spoljašnjih uticaja, daju joj mekoću i smanjuju fine linije. Ekstrakti mikroalgi deluju antioksidantno i podstiču sintezu kolagena tipa I. Ekstrakt korala sa pseudopterozinima se koristi za umirivanje kože, dok su morski sunđeri jedan od najvećih alternativnih izvora za dobijanje kolagena. Od svih sirovina poreklom iz mora, alge su najviše istražene i imaju najveći potencijal. Iz algi se dobijaju karagen, agar i alginati, koji se koriste kao humektansi, ugušćivači i gelirajuća sredstva. Aktivni sastojci ekstrakata algi (polisaharidi, proteini, vitamini, minerali) hidriraju kožu, smanjuju fine linije, štite kožu od UV zraka, smanjuju crvenilo kože, a koriste se i u kozmetičkim proizvodima za smanjenje celulita.
AB  - Although some widespread, native cow parsnips (Heracleum L. spp., Apiaceae) had broad medicinal and culinary applications throughout history, the knowledge about their volatile constituents is insufficient. This work investigates the composition and bioactivities of H. sphondylium L. (HSPH), H. sibiricum L. (HSIB) and H. montanum Schleich. ex Gaudin (HMON) essential oils. The composition was tested by GC and GC-MS. (Z)-β-Ocimene was the most abundant in HSPH (28.9%) and HMON (20.4%) root oils, while in HSIB root oil, β-pinene (26.2%), methyl eugenol (22.3%) and elemicin (25.6%) prevailed. Leaf and flower oils were dominated by various sesquiterpenes (germacrene D, β-sesquiphellandrene, (E)-β-farnesene and/or (E)-caryophyllene) and/or phenylpropanoids (apiole, methyl eugenol, elemicin and/or (Z)-isoelemicin). Octyl acetate (57.5-67.1%) was the main constituent of all fruit oils. The antimicrobial activity was screened by a microdilution method against eight bacteria and eight fungi. The strongest antimicrobial effect, in several cases better than the activity of antibiotics, was shown by HSPH (MICs = 0.12-3.30 mg mL-1) and HMON (MICs = 0.10-1.30 mg mL-1) flower oils against bacteria, and HSIB fruit oil against fungi (MICs = 0.15-0.40 mg mL-1). The MTT test revealed that the oils were not or weakly cytotoxic against human malignant HeLa, LS174 and/or A549 cells (except HSPH root oil; IC50 = 5.72-24.31 μg mL-1) and that tested oils were not toxic against human normal MRC-5 cells (at 200.00 μg mL-1). Significant activity observed against microorganisms that are the common cause of foodborne diseases, food contamination and/or hospital-acquired infections justifies certain traditional uses of the investigated plants and represents a good basis for further research of these Heracleum oils.
PB  - Savez farmaceutskih udruženja Srbije, Beograd
T2  - Arhiv za farmaciju
T1  - Cosmetic ingredients from the sea in skin care products
T1  - Kozmetičke sirovine poreklom iz mora u proizvodima za negu kože
VL  - 65
IS  - 5
SP  - 316
EP  - 325
DO  - 10.5937/arhfarm1505316E
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Emeti, Ana and Vasiljević, Dragana and Primorac, Marija and Vuleta, Gordana",
year = "2015",
abstract = "Sea water, salt and mud have been used for centuries in beautification treatments, but their active ingredients have become a recent challenge in formulating new cosmetic products. Cosmetic ingredients which originate from the sea, are mostly obtained from algae, microalgae, marine sponges, corals and microorganisms. Exopolysaccharides (EPS) are new cosmetic ingredients produced by marine micro-organisms. They are used to protect skin from harmful external influences, give it softness and minimize fine lines. Pseudopterosins, present in the extracts of corals, are used to soothe the skin, while marine sponges are one of the major alternative to animal-derived collagen. Algae have been the most researched group, with the greatest potential among different sources of marine ingredients. Carrageenan, agar, and alginates from algae act as humectants, thickeners and gelling agents. The active ingredients of algae extracts (polysaccharides, proteins, vitamins, minerals) could hydrate, minimize fine lines, protect the skin from UV radiation, decrease redness and cellulite., Morska voda, so i mulj koriste se od davnina u tretmanima za ulepšavanje, ali se njihovi aktivni sastojci tek od nedavno koriste za izradu kozmetičkih proizvoda. Kozmetičke sirovine poreklom iz mora najviše se dobijaju iz algi i mikroalgi, mikroorganizama, sunđera i korala. Egzopolisaharidi su novije kozmetičke sirovine koje proizvode morski mikroorganizmi. Navodi se da oni štite kožu od štetnih spoljašnjih uticaja, daju joj mekoću i smanjuju fine linije. Ekstrakti mikroalgi deluju antioksidantno i podstiču sintezu kolagena tipa I. Ekstrakt korala sa pseudopterozinima se koristi za umirivanje kože, dok su morski sunđeri jedan od najvećih alternativnih izvora za dobijanje kolagena. Od svih sirovina poreklom iz mora, alge su najviše istražene i imaju najveći potencijal. Iz algi se dobijaju karagen, agar i alginati, koji se koriste kao humektansi, ugušćivači i gelirajuća sredstva. Aktivni sastojci ekstrakata algi (polisaharidi, proteini, vitamini, minerali) hidriraju kožu, smanjuju fine linije, štite kožu od UV zraka, smanjuju crvenilo kože, a koriste se i u kozmetičkim proizvodima za smanjenje celulita., Although some widespread, native cow parsnips (Heracleum L. spp., Apiaceae) had broad medicinal and culinary applications throughout history, the knowledge about their volatile constituents is insufficient. This work investigates the composition and bioactivities of H. sphondylium L. (HSPH), H. sibiricum L. (HSIB) and H. montanum Schleich. ex Gaudin (HMON) essential oils. The composition was tested by GC and GC-MS. (Z)-β-Ocimene was the most abundant in HSPH (28.9%) and HMON (20.4%) root oils, while in HSIB root oil, β-pinene (26.2%), methyl eugenol (22.3%) and elemicin (25.6%) prevailed. Leaf and flower oils were dominated by various sesquiterpenes (germacrene D, β-sesquiphellandrene, (E)-β-farnesene and/or (E)-caryophyllene) and/or phenylpropanoids (apiole, methyl eugenol, elemicin and/or (Z)-isoelemicin). Octyl acetate (57.5-67.1%) was the main constituent of all fruit oils. The antimicrobial activity was screened by a microdilution method against eight bacteria and eight fungi. The strongest antimicrobial effect, in several cases better than the activity of antibiotics, was shown by HSPH (MICs = 0.12-3.30 mg mL-1) and HMON (MICs = 0.10-1.30 mg mL-1) flower oils against bacteria, and HSIB fruit oil against fungi (MICs = 0.15-0.40 mg mL-1). The MTT test revealed that the oils were not or weakly cytotoxic against human malignant HeLa, LS174 and/or A549 cells (except HSPH root oil; IC50 = 5.72-24.31 μg mL-1) and that tested oils were not toxic against human normal MRC-5 cells (at 200.00 μg mL-1). Significant activity observed against microorganisms that are the common cause of foodborne diseases, food contamination and/or hospital-acquired infections justifies certain traditional uses of the investigated plants and represents a good basis for further research of these Heracleum oils.",
publisher = "Savez farmaceutskih udruženja Srbije, Beograd",
journal = "Arhiv za farmaciju",
title = "Cosmetic ingredients from the sea in skin care products, Kozmetičke sirovine poreklom iz mora u proizvodima za negu kože",
volume = "65",
number = "5",
pages = "316-325",
doi = "10.5937/arhfarm1505316E"
}

Emeti, A., Vasiljević, D., Primorac, M.,& Vuleta, G.. (2015). Cosmetic ingredients from the sea in skin care products. in Arhiv za farmaciju
Savez farmaceutskih udruženja Srbije, Beograd., 65(5), 316-325.
https://doi.org/10.5937/arhfarm1505316E

Emeti A, Vasiljević D, Primorac M, Vuleta G. Cosmetic ingredients from the sea in skin care products. in Arhiv za farmaciju. 2015;65(5):316-325.
doi:10.5937/arhfarm1505316E .

Emeti, Ana, Vasiljević, Dragana, Primorac, Marija, Vuleta, Gordana, "Cosmetic ingredients from the sea in skin care products" in Arhiv za farmaciju, 65, no. 5 (2015):316-325,
https://doi.org/10.5937/arhfarm1505316E . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Đekić, Ljiljana
AU  - Krajišnik, Danina
AU  - Martinović, Martina
AU  - Đorđević, Dragana
AU  - Primorac, Marija
PY  - 2015
UR  - https://farfar.pharmacy.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/2468
AB  - Suitability of liquid lecithin (i.e., solution of lecithin in soy bean oil with similar to 60% w/w of phospholipids) for formation of gels, upon addition of water solution of poloxamer 407, was investigated, and formulated systems were evaluated as carriers for percutaneous delivery of ibuprofen. Formulation study of pseudoternary system liquid lecithin/poloxamer 407/water at constant liquid lecithin/poloxamer 407 mass ratio (2.0) revealed that minimum concentrations of liquid lecithin and poloxamer 407 required for formation of gel like systems were 15.75% w/w and 13.13% w/w, respectively, while the maximum content of water was 60.62% w/w. The systems comprising water concentrations in a range from 55 to 60.62% w/w were soft semisolids suitable for topical application, and they were selected for physicochemical and biopharmaceutical evaluation. Analysis of conductivity results and light microscopy examination revealed that investigated systems were water dilutable dispersions of spherical oligolamellar associates of phospholipids and triglyceride molecules in the copolymer water solution. Rheological behavior evaluation results indicated that the investigated gels were thermosensitive shear thinning systems. Ibuprofen (5% w/w) was incorporated by dispersing into the previously prepared carriers. Drug-loaded systems were physically stable at storage temperature from 5 +/- 3 degrees C to 40 +/- 2 degrees C, for 30 days. In vitro ibuprofen release was in accordance with the Higuchi model (r(H) > 0.95) and sustained for 12 h. The obtained results implicated that formulated LLPBGs, optimized regarding drug release and organoleptic properties, represent promising carriers for sustained percutaneous drug delivery of poorly soluble drugs.
PB  - Elsevier Science BV, Amsterdam
T2  - International Journal of Pharmaceutics
T1  - Characterization of gelation process and drug release profile of thermosensitive liquid lecithin/poloxamer 407 based gels as carriers for percutaneous delivery of ibuprofen
VL  - 490
IS  - 1-2
SP  - 180
EP  - 189
DO  - 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.05.040
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Đekić, Ljiljana and Krajišnik, Danina and Martinović, Martina and Đorđević, Dragana and Primorac, Marija",
year = "2015",
abstract = "Suitability of liquid lecithin (i.e., solution of lecithin in soy bean oil with similar to 60% w/w of phospholipids) for formation of gels, upon addition of water solution of poloxamer 407, was investigated, and formulated systems were evaluated as carriers for percutaneous delivery of ibuprofen. Formulation study of pseudoternary system liquid lecithin/poloxamer 407/water at constant liquid lecithin/poloxamer 407 mass ratio (2.0) revealed that minimum concentrations of liquid lecithin and poloxamer 407 required for formation of gel like systems were 15.75% w/w and 13.13% w/w, respectively, while the maximum content of water was 60.62% w/w. The systems comprising water concentrations in a range from 55 to 60.62% w/w were soft semisolids suitable for topical application, and they were selected for physicochemical and biopharmaceutical evaluation. Analysis of conductivity results and light microscopy examination revealed that investigated systems were water dilutable dispersions of spherical oligolamellar associates of phospholipids and triglyceride molecules in the copolymer water solution. Rheological behavior evaluation results indicated that the investigated gels were thermosensitive shear thinning systems. Ibuprofen (5% w/w) was incorporated by dispersing into the previously prepared carriers. Drug-loaded systems were physically stable at storage temperature from 5 +/- 3 degrees C to 40 +/- 2 degrees C, for 30 days. In vitro ibuprofen release was in accordance with the Higuchi model (r(H) > 0.95) and sustained for 12 h. The obtained results implicated that formulated LLPBGs, optimized regarding drug release and organoleptic properties, represent promising carriers for sustained percutaneous drug delivery of poorly soluble drugs.",
publisher = "Elsevier Science BV, Amsterdam",
journal = "International Journal of Pharmaceutics",
title = "Characterization of gelation process and drug release profile of thermosensitive liquid lecithin/poloxamer 407 based gels as carriers for percutaneous delivery of ibuprofen",
volume = "490",
number = "1-2",
pages = "180-189",
doi = "10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.05.040"
}

Đekić, L., Krajišnik, D., Martinović, M., Đorđević, D.,& Primorac, M.. (2015). Characterization of gelation process and drug release profile of thermosensitive liquid lecithin/poloxamer 407 based gels as carriers for percutaneous delivery of ibuprofen. in International Journal of Pharmaceutics
Elsevier Science BV, Amsterdam., 490(1-2), 180-189.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.05.040

Đekić L, Krajišnik D, Martinović M, Đorđević D, Primorac M. Characterization of gelation process and drug release profile of thermosensitive liquid lecithin/poloxamer 407 based gels as carriers for percutaneous delivery of ibuprofen. in International Journal of Pharmaceutics. 2015;490(1-2):180-189.
doi:10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.05.040 .

Đekić, Ljiljana, Krajišnik, Danina, Martinović, Martina, Đorđević, Dragana, Primorac, Marija, "Characterization of gelation process and drug release profile of thermosensitive liquid lecithin/poloxamer 407 based gels as carriers for percutaneous delivery of ibuprofen" in International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 490, no. 1-2 (2015):180-189,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.05.040 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Đekić, Ljiljana
AU  - Živković, Sanja
AU  - Primorac, Marija
PY  - 2014
UR  - https://farfar.pharmacy.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/2270
AB  - The administration of drugs via skin to achieve systemic effects is simple and noninvasive, and thus represents a more suitable alternative for pediatric population when compared with per os and parenteral routes. This pharmaceutical dosage form provides a controlled drug release and subsequent reduction in the frequency of administration and increased patient adherence. In 2006, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the use of a transdermal patch with methylphenidate, which is designed for the pediatric population. Transdermal patches with an opioid analgesic (fentanyl, buprenorphine), clonidine, scopolamine, tulobuterol, estrogens and nicotine, have been developed for use by adult patients, and have been registered for the use in children of a certain age, and/or the literature described the clinical studies or examples in practice of their off label use with respect to the age of the patient, the dose and/or indications. The Regulation (EC) 1901/2006 on medicinal products for paediatric use and the Guideline on pharmaceutical development of medicines for pediatric use EMA/CHMP/QWP/805880/2012 pointed out that design of transdermal patches requires careful consideration of: specificities in development and the variation of the skin barrier function, the choice of excipients with consideration of their potential for irritation or sensitization of the skin, the range of the quantity of drug which is released per unit of time and the surface on which the drug release is performed (as well as the overal size of a transdermal patch), which should be adequate to meet the individual therapeutic needs of children of different ages.
AB  - Primena lekova preko kože u cilju postizanja sistemskog delovanja je jednostavna i neinvazivna, što je za pedijatrijske pacijente pogodnija alternativa u poređenju sa uzimanjem per os i parenteralno. Korišćenjem transdermalnih flastera obezbeđuje se kontrolisano oslobađanje lekovite supstance uz smanjenje učestalosti primene i povećanje adherence pacijenata. Američka agencija za hranu i lekove (Food and Drug Administration, FDA) je 2006. godine odobrila upotrebu transdermalnog flastera sa metilfenidatom, koji je dizajniran za pedijatrijsku populaciju. Transdermalni flasteri sa opioidnim analgeticima (fentanil, buprenorfin), klonidinom, skopolaminom, tulobuterolom, estrogenima i nikotinom su razvijeni za primenu kod odraslih pacijenata, a registrovani su i za primenu kod dece određenog uzrasta i/ili su u literaturi opisane kliničke studije ili primeri iz prakse u kojima su korišćeni van upotrebne licence (off label drug use) u pogledu uzrasta pacijenta, doze i/ili indikacije. Donošenjem Uredbe Evropske zajednice (EC) 1901/2006 za medicinske proizvode za primenu u pedijatriji i Smernica za farmaceutski razvoj lekova za pedijatrijsku upotrebu (Guideline EMA/CHMP/QWP/805880/2012), ukazano je na neophodnost da se u razvoju transdermalnih flastera pažljivo razmotre: specifičnosti u pogledu razvijenosti i varijabilnosti barijerne funkcije kože, izbor pomoćnih supstanci uz sagledavanje njihovog potencijala za iritaciju ili senzibilizaciju kože, raspon količina lekovite supstance koja se oslobodi po jedinici vremena i površina sa koje se vrši oslobađanje lekovite supstance, odnosno, veličina transdermalnog flastera, koji bi trebalo da budu odgovarajući da se zadovolje individualne terapijske potrebe dece različitog uzrasta.
PB  - Savez farmaceutskih udruženja Srbije, Beograd
T2  - Arhiv za farmaciju
T1  - Pharmaceutical technological aspects and possibility of using transdermal patches in paediatric population
T1  - Farmaceutsko-tehnološki aspekt i mogućnosti primene transdermalnih flastera u pedijatriji
VL  - 64
IS  - 4
SP  - 349
EP  - 374
DO  - 10.5937/arhfarm1404349D
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Đekić, Ljiljana and Živković, Sanja and Primorac, Marija",
year = "2014",
abstract = "The administration of drugs via skin to achieve systemic effects is simple and noninvasive, and thus represents a more suitable alternative for pediatric population when compared with per os and parenteral routes. This pharmaceutical dosage form provides a controlled drug release and subsequent reduction in the frequency of administration and increased patient adherence. In 2006, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the use of a transdermal patch with methylphenidate, which is designed for the pediatric population. Transdermal patches with an opioid analgesic (fentanyl, buprenorphine), clonidine, scopolamine, tulobuterol, estrogens and nicotine, have been developed for use by adult patients, and have been registered for the use in children of a certain age, and/or the literature described the clinical studies or examples in practice of their off label use with respect to the age of the patient, the dose and/or indications. The Regulation (EC) 1901/2006 on medicinal products for paediatric use and the Guideline on pharmaceutical development of medicines for pediatric use EMA/CHMP/QWP/805880/2012 pointed out that design of transdermal patches requires careful consideration of: specificities in development and the variation of the skin barrier function, the choice of excipients with consideration of their potential for irritation or sensitization of the skin, the range of the quantity of drug which is released per unit of time and the surface on which the drug release is performed (as well as the overal size of a transdermal patch), which should be adequate to meet the individual therapeutic needs of children of different ages., Primena lekova preko kože u cilju postizanja sistemskog delovanja je jednostavna i neinvazivna, što je za pedijatrijske pacijente pogodnija alternativa u poređenju sa uzimanjem per os i parenteralno. Korišćenjem transdermalnih flastera obezbeđuje se kontrolisano oslobađanje lekovite supstance uz smanjenje učestalosti primene i povećanje adherence pacijenata. Američka agencija za hranu i lekove (Food and Drug Administration, FDA) je 2006. godine odobrila upotrebu transdermalnog flastera sa metilfenidatom, koji je dizajniran za pedijatrijsku populaciju. Transdermalni flasteri sa opioidnim analgeticima (fentanil, buprenorfin), klonidinom, skopolaminom, tulobuterolom, estrogenima i nikotinom su razvijeni za primenu kod odraslih pacijenata, a registrovani su i za primenu kod dece određenog uzrasta i/ili su u literaturi opisane kliničke studije ili primeri iz prakse u kojima su korišćeni van upotrebne licence (off label drug use) u pogledu uzrasta pacijenta, doze i/ili indikacije. Donošenjem Uredbe Evropske zajednice (EC) 1901/2006 za medicinske proizvode za primenu u pedijatriji i Smernica za farmaceutski razvoj lekova za pedijatrijsku upotrebu (Guideline EMA/CHMP/QWP/805880/2012), ukazano je na neophodnost da se u razvoju transdermalnih flastera pažljivo razmotre: specifičnosti u pogledu razvijenosti i varijabilnosti barijerne funkcije kože, izbor pomoćnih supstanci uz sagledavanje njihovog potencijala za iritaciju ili senzibilizaciju kože, raspon količina lekovite supstance koja se oslobodi po jedinici vremena i površina sa koje se vrši oslobađanje lekovite supstance, odnosno, veličina transdermalnog flastera, koji bi trebalo da budu odgovarajući da se zadovolje individualne terapijske potrebe dece različitog uzrasta.",
publisher = "Savez farmaceutskih udruženja Srbije, Beograd",
journal = "Arhiv za farmaciju",
title = "Pharmaceutical technological aspects and possibility of using transdermal patches in paediatric population, Farmaceutsko-tehnološki aspekt i mogućnosti primene transdermalnih flastera u pedijatriji",
volume = "64",
number = "4",
pages = "349-374",
doi = "10.5937/arhfarm1404349D"
}

Đekić, L., Živković, S.,& Primorac, M.. (2014). Pharmaceutical technological aspects and possibility of using transdermal patches in paediatric population. in Arhiv za farmaciju
Savez farmaceutskih udruženja Srbije, Beograd., 64(4), 349-374.
https://doi.org/10.5937/arhfarm1404349D

Đekić L, Živković S, Primorac M. Pharmaceutical technological aspects and possibility of using transdermal patches in paediatric population. in Arhiv za farmaciju. 2014;64(4):349-374.
doi:10.5937/arhfarm1404349D .

Đekić, Ljiljana, Živković, Sanja, Primorac, Marija, "Pharmaceutical technological aspects and possibility of using transdermal patches in paediatric population" in Arhiv za farmaciju, 64, no. 4 (2014):349-374,
https://doi.org/10.5937/arhfarm1404349D . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Đekić, Ljiljana
AU  - Primorac, Marija
PY  - 2014
UR  - https://farfar.pharmacy.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/2286
AB  - Development of self-dispersing drug delivery systems (SMEDDS) is a modern strategy for oral delivery improvement of poorly soluble drugs. Self-microemulsifying drug delivery systems (SMEDDS) are isotropic mixtures of oils and hydrophilic surfactants, which form oil-in-water (o/w) microemulsions by dilution in aqueous media (e.g., gastrointestinal fluids). Formulation of SMEDDS carriers requires consideration of a large number of formulation parameters and their influences on process of self-microemulsifying and releasing of drug. The aim of this work was formulation and characterization of SMEDDS for oral administration of ibuprofen. In the experimental work, two series of potential SMEDDS were prepared (M1-M10), using surfactant (Labrasol®, Gattefosse), cosurfactant (PEG­40 hydrogenated castor (Cremophor® RH40), and oil (medium chain triglycerides (Crodamol® GTCC) and olive oil (Cropur® Olive)), at surfactant-to-cosurfactant mass ratios (Km) 9:1, 7:3, 5:5, 3:7, and 1:9, and 10 or 20% of the oil phase. Ibuprofen was dissolved in formulations in concentration of 10%. Characterization of the investigated formulations included evaluation of physical stability, self-microemulsification ability in 0.1 M HCl (pH 1.2) and phosphate buffer pH 7.2 (USP) and in vitro drug release. Formation of o/w microemulsions with the average droplet size (Z-ave) up to 100 nm, was observed in dispersions of formulations prepared with 10 mass% of medium chain triglycerides, within the entire investigated range of the Km values (M1-M5). These formulations were selected as SMEDDS. Results of characterization pointed out the importance of the type and concentration of the oil as well as the Km value for the self-microemulsing ability, as well as drug release kinetics from the investigated SMEDDS. Ibuprofen release was in accordance with the request of USP 30-NF 25 (at least 80% after 60 min) from the formulations M1 (Km 9:1) and M5 (Km 1:9). Furthermore, the ibuprofen release was completed after 10 min from formulation M1, while the release from the carrier M5 (~30%) as well as from the commercial tablets Brufen® (~55%) and soft capsules Rapidol® (~65%), examined under the same conditions, was significantly slower. The present study revealed that the formulation M1 represents a potential SMEDDS which efficiently dissolves ibuprofen in acidic media, with potential to minimize the side effects, while on introduction into alkaline intestinal environment, the drug may rapidly release from the carrier and undergo absorption.
AB  - Razvoj samo-mikroemulgujućih nosača je značajna savremena strategija za unapređenje peroralne primene teško rastvorljivih aktivnih supstanci. Cilj rada bio je formulacija i karakterizacija samo-mikroemulgujućih nosača na bazi smeše biokompatibilnih nejonskih surfaktanata (PEG-8 kaprilno/kaprinski gliceridi (Labrasol®) i PEG-40 hidrogenizovano ricinusovo ulje (Cremophor® RH40)) za peroralnu primenu ibuprofena i in vitro karakterizacija njihove fizičke stabilnosti i veličine kapi nakon dispergovanja u vodenim medijumima različite pH vrednosti i in vitro profila oslobađanja lekovite supstance iz nosača. Rezultati karakterizacije ukazali su na značaj vrste i koncentracije ulja i masenog odnosa upotrebljenih surfaktanata za sposobnost samo-mikroemulgovanja, kapacitet za solubilizaciju ibuprofena i njegovu brzinu oslobađanja iz nosača.
PB  - Savez hemijskih inženjera, Beograd
T2  - Hemijska industrija
T1  - Formulation and characterisation of self-microemulsifying drug delivery systems based on biocompatible nonionic surfactants
T1  - Formulacija i karakterizacija samo-mikroemulgujućih nosača lekovitih supstanci na bazi biokompatibilnih nejonskih surfaktanata
VL  - 68
IS  - 5
SP  - 565
EP  - 573
DO  - 10.2298/HEMIND130825083D
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Đekić, Ljiljana and Primorac, Marija",
year = "2014",
abstract = "Development of self-dispersing drug delivery systems (SMEDDS) is a modern strategy for oral delivery improvement of poorly soluble drugs. Self-microemulsifying drug delivery systems (SMEDDS) are isotropic mixtures of oils and hydrophilic surfactants, which form oil-in-water (o/w) microemulsions by dilution in aqueous media (e.g., gastrointestinal fluids). Formulation of SMEDDS carriers requires consideration of a large number of formulation parameters and their influences on process of self-microemulsifying and releasing of drug. The aim of this work was formulation and characterization of SMEDDS for oral administration of ibuprofen. In the experimental work, two series of potential SMEDDS were prepared (M1-M10), using surfactant (Labrasol®, Gattefosse), cosurfactant (PEG­40 hydrogenated castor (Cremophor® RH40), and oil (medium chain triglycerides (Crodamol® GTCC) and olive oil (Cropur® Olive)), at surfactant-to-cosurfactant mass ratios (Km) 9:1, 7:3, 5:5, 3:7, and 1:9, and 10 or 20% of the oil phase. Ibuprofen was dissolved in formulations in concentration of 10%. Characterization of the investigated formulations included evaluation of physical stability, self-microemulsification ability in 0.1 M HCl (pH 1.2) and phosphate buffer pH 7.2 (USP) and in vitro drug release. Formation of o/w microemulsions with the average droplet size (Z-ave) up to 100 nm, was observed in dispersions of formulations prepared with 10 mass% of medium chain triglycerides, within the entire investigated range of the Km values (M1-M5). These formulations were selected as SMEDDS. Results of characterization pointed out the importance of the type and concentration of the oil as well as the Km value for the self-microemulsing ability, as well as drug release kinetics from the investigated SMEDDS. Ibuprofen release was in accordance with the request of USP 30-NF 25 (at least 80% after 60 min) from the formulations M1 (Km 9:1) and M5 (Km 1:9). Furthermore, the ibuprofen release was completed after 10 min from formulation M1, while the release from the carrier M5 (~30%) as well as from the commercial tablets Brufen® (~55%) and soft capsules Rapidol® (~65%), examined under the same conditions, was significantly slower. The present study revealed that the formulation M1 represents a potential SMEDDS which efficiently dissolves ibuprofen in acidic media, with potential to minimize the side effects, while on introduction into alkaline intestinal environment, the drug may rapidly release from the carrier and undergo absorption., Razvoj samo-mikroemulgujućih nosača je značajna savremena strategija za unapređenje peroralne primene teško rastvorljivih aktivnih supstanci. Cilj rada bio je formulacija i karakterizacija samo-mikroemulgujućih nosača na bazi smeše biokompatibilnih nejonskih surfaktanata (PEG-8 kaprilno/kaprinski gliceridi (Labrasol®) i PEG-40 hidrogenizovano ricinusovo ulje (Cremophor® RH40)) za peroralnu primenu ibuprofena i in vitro karakterizacija njihove fizičke stabilnosti i veličine kapi nakon dispergovanja u vodenim medijumima različite pH vrednosti i in vitro profila oslobađanja lekovite supstance iz nosača. Rezultati karakterizacije ukazali su na značaj vrste i koncentracije ulja i masenog odnosa upotrebljenih surfaktanata za sposobnost samo-mikroemulgovanja, kapacitet za solubilizaciju ibuprofena i njegovu brzinu oslobađanja iz nosača.",
publisher = "Savez hemijskih inženjera, Beograd",
journal = "Hemijska industrija",
title = "Formulation and characterisation of self-microemulsifying drug delivery systems based on biocompatible nonionic surfactants, Formulacija i karakterizacija samo-mikroemulgujućih nosača lekovitih supstanci na bazi biokompatibilnih nejonskih surfaktanata",
volume = "68",
number = "5",
pages = "565-573",
doi = "10.2298/HEMIND130825083D"
}

Đekić, L.,& Primorac, M.. (2014). Formulation and characterisation of self-microemulsifying drug delivery systems based on biocompatible nonionic surfactants. in Hemijska industrija
Savez hemijskih inženjera, Beograd., 68(5), 565-573.
https://doi.org/10.2298/HEMIND130825083D

Đekić L, Primorac M. Formulation and characterisation of self-microemulsifying drug delivery systems based on biocompatible nonionic surfactants. in Hemijska industrija. 2014;68(5):565-573.
doi:10.2298/HEMIND130825083D .

Đekić, Ljiljana, Primorac, Marija, "Formulation and characterisation of self-microemulsifying drug delivery systems based on biocompatible nonionic surfactants" in Hemijska industrija, 68, no. 5 (2014):565-573,
https://doi.org/10.2298/HEMIND130825083D . .

TY  - CHAP
AU  - Đekić, Ljiljana
AU  - Primorac, Marija
PY  - 2014
UR  - https://farfar.pharmacy.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/2250
AB  - The unique physical, chemical and biological properties of fullerenes have opened an intensive research on their possible applications in nanomedicine in the last few decades. The highly unsaturated structure of the hydrophobic pristine fullerene (C60) is suitable for: 1) functionalization of molecule with different functional groups and production of water-soluble derivatives, such as polyhydroxyfullerenes (fullerols or fullerenols) and carboxyfullerenes; 2) conjugation with cyclodextrins, poly(2-oxazolines), isostearic acid, polyethyleneglycol or amino acids; 3) encapsulation into carriers with hydrosoluble surface such as liposomes and nanoparticles of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). Such strategies enable dispersion in aquous vehicles, prevent formation of fullerene aggregates and may increase fullerene capacity to interact with biological environment. Fullerenes as well as their derivatives and C60 based composites, demonstrated to have antioxidant activity in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, they are known as -free-radical sponges-. Several studies have demonstrated that fullerene induce suppression of human skin cell injuries caused by ultraviolet (UV) light irradiation and/or peroxides, brain cells damage by peroxide, and oxidative stress induced damage of lung. Thus, they are promissing agents for prophylaxis or therapy of free radical-related skin diseases and other serious disorders such as Alzheimer`s disease, Parkinson's disease, neutrophilic lung inflammation. PVPentrapped C60 submicron particles (Radical Sponge) are already employed as an ingredient of the "anti-aging- cosmetic products on the current market. Fullerenes are potentially useful for acne treatment, due to their properties as free radical scavengers. On the other hand, fullerenes may become reactive oxygen species (ROS) generators, under visible or UV light exposure. The cytotoxicity of fullerenes is perspective for photo- and radio-therapy of cancers and as antimicrobial agents. The role of fullerenes as antioxidants or prooxidants is dependent on applied dose/concentration, molecule/particle size, surface morphology, chemical modification/conjugation/encapsulation, and the presence of light or ionizing radiation. HIV-1 protease inhibition is a new application that has been proposed recently for fullerenes and its their derivatives. The future of fullerene family, including novel nanomaterials, such as PEGylated fullerene/iron oxide nanocomposites and pH-activated glycol chitosan/fullerene nanogels, is focused on development of carriers suitable for targeted drug delivery and/or diagnostic strategies. This chapter highlights both benefits and potential health risks of fullerens as active agents of nanopharmaceuticals and cosmetic products.
PB  - Nova Science Publishers, Inc.
T2  - Fullerenes: Chemistry, Natural Sources and Technological Applications
T1  - Biomedical application of fullerenes
SP  - 239
EP  - 261
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_farfar_2250
ER  - 

@inbook{
author = "Đekić, Ljiljana and Primorac, Marija",
year = "2014",
abstract = "The unique physical, chemical and biological properties of fullerenes have opened an intensive research on their possible applications in nanomedicine in the last few decades. The highly unsaturated structure of the hydrophobic pristine fullerene (C60) is suitable for: 1) functionalization of molecule with different functional groups and production of water-soluble derivatives, such as polyhydroxyfullerenes (fullerols or fullerenols) and carboxyfullerenes; 2) conjugation with cyclodextrins, poly(2-oxazolines), isostearic acid, polyethyleneglycol or amino acids; 3) encapsulation into carriers with hydrosoluble surface such as liposomes and nanoparticles of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). Such strategies enable dispersion in aquous vehicles, prevent formation of fullerene aggregates and may increase fullerene capacity to interact with biological environment. Fullerenes as well as their derivatives and C60 based composites, demonstrated to have antioxidant activity in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, they are known as -free-radical sponges-. Several studies have demonstrated that fullerene induce suppression of human skin cell injuries caused by ultraviolet (UV) light irradiation and/or peroxides, brain cells damage by peroxide, and oxidative stress induced damage of lung. Thus, they are promissing agents for prophylaxis or therapy of free radical-related skin diseases and other serious disorders such as Alzheimer`s disease, Parkinson's disease, neutrophilic lung inflammation. PVPentrapped C60 submicron particles (Radical Sponge) are already employed as an ingredient of the "anti-aging- cosmetic products on the current market. Fullerenes are potentially useful for acne treatment, due to their properties as free radical scavengers. On the other hand, fullerenes may become reactive oxygen species (ROS) generators, under visible or UV light exposure. The cytotoxicity of fullerenes is perspective for photo- and radio-therapy of cancers and as antimicrobial agents. The role of fullerenes as antioxidants or prooxidants is dependent on applied dose/concentration, molecule/particle size, surface morphology, chemical modification/conjugation/encapsulation, and the presence of light or ionizing radiation. HIV-1 protease inhibition is a new application that has been proposed recently for fullerenes and its their derivatives. The future of fullerene family, including novel nanomaterials, such as PEGylated fullerene/iron oxide nanocomposites and pH-activated glycol chitosan/fullerene nanogels, is focused on development of carriers suitable for targeted drug delivery and/or diagnostic strategies. This chapter highlights both benefits and potential health risks of fullerens as active agents of nanopharmaceuticals and cosmetic products.",
publisher = "Nova Science Publishers, Inc.",
journal = "Fullerenes: Chemistry, Natural Sources and Technological Applications",
booktitle = "Biomedical application of fullerenes",
pages = "239-261",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_farfar_2250"
}

Đekić, L.,& Primorac, M.. (2014). Biomedical application of fullerenes. in Fullerenes: Chemistry, Natural Sources and Technological Applications
Nova Science Publishers, Inc.., 239-261.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_farfar_2250

Đekić L, Primorac M. Biomedical application of fullerenes. in Fullerenes: Chemistry, Natural Sources and Technological Applications. 2014;:239-261.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_farfar_2250 .

Đekić, Ljiljana, Primorac, Marija, "Biomedical application of fullerenes" in Fullerenes: Chemistry, Natural Sources and Technological Applications (2014):239-261,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_farfar_2250 .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Đekić, Ljiljana
AU  - Cirković, Violeta
AU  - Heleta, Mirjana
AU  - Krajišnik, Danina
AU  - Primorac, Marija
PY  - 2013
UR  - https://farfar.pharmacy.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1878
AB  - The present study describes a screening approach in design of microemulsion preconcentrates (self-microemulsifying systems) comprising: PEG-8 caprylic/capric glycerides (Labrasol (R)) (surfactant), PEG-40 hydrogenated castor oil (Cremophor (R) RH40) (cosurfactant) (at surfactant-to-cosurfactant mass ratios 9:1, 7:3, 5:5, 3:7 and 1:9), and 10% w/w or 20% w/w of medium-chain triglycerides or olive oil (oil). The self-microemulsifying ability of the prepared surfactant/cosurfactant/oil mixtures in water and 0.1 M HCl (pH 1.2), was evaluated by droplet size and zeta potential analysis and cross-polarized light microscopy. The formation of microemulsions was observed only in the presence of medium-chain triglycerides at surfactant-to-cosurfactant ratios 7:3 and 5:5 (in the mixtures containing 10% w/w of the oil phase) and 3:7 and 1:9 (when 20% w/w of the same oil was used). The obtained results provide new implications for development of microemulsion preconcentrates suitable as delivery systems for food and pharmaceutical applications.
PB  - Carl Hanser Verlag, Munich
T2  - Tenside Surfactants Detergents
T1  - Water-Dilutable Biocompatible Microemulsion Systems: Design and Characterisation
VL  - 50
IS  - 6
SP  - 409
EP  - 413
DO  - 10.3139/113.110272
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Đekić, Ljiljana and Cirković, Violeta and Heleta, Mirjana and Krajišnik, Danina and Primorac, Marija",
year = "2013",
abstract = "The present study describes a screening approach in design of microemulsion preconcentrates (self-microemulsifying systems) comprising: PEG-8 caprylic/capric glycerides (Labrasol (R)) (surfactant), PEG-40 hydrogenated castor oil (Cremophor (R) RH40) (cosurfactant) (at surfactant-to-cosurfactant mass ratios 9:1, 7:3, 5:5, 3:7 and 1:9), and 10% w/w or 20% w/w of medium-chain triglycerides or olive oil (oil). The self-microemulsifying ability of the prepared surfactant/cosurfactant/oil mixtures in water and 0.1 M HCl (pH 1.2), was evaluated by droplet size and zeta potential analysis and cross-polarized light microscopy. The formation of microemulsions was observed only in the presence of medium-chain triglycerides at surfactant-to-cosurfactant ratios 7:3 and 5:5 (in the mixtures containing 10% w/w of the oil phase) and 3:7 and 1:9 (when 20% w/w of the same oil was used). The obtained results provide new implications for development of microemulsion preconcentrates suitable as delivery systems for food and pharmaceutical applications.",
publisher = "Carl Hanser Verlag, Munich",
journal = "Tenside Surfactants Detergents",
title = "Water-Dilutable Biocompatible Microemulsion Systems: Design and Characterisation",
volume = "50",
number = "6",
pages = "409-413",
doi = "10.3139/113.110272"
}

Đekić, L., Cirković, V., Heleta, M., Krajišnik, D.,& Primorac, M.. (2013). Water-Dilutable Biocompatible Microemulsion Systems: Design and Characterisation. in Tenside Surfactants Detergents
Carl Hanser Verlag, Munich., 50(6), 409-413.
https://doi.org/10.3139/113.110272

Đekić L, Cirković V, Heleta M, Krajišnik D, Primorac M. Water-Dilutable Biocompatible Microemulsion Systems: Design and Characterisation. in Tenside Surfactants Detergents. 2013;50(6):409-413.
doi:10.3139/113.110272 .

Đekić, Ljiljana, Cirković, Violeta, Heleta, Mirjana, Krajišnik, Danina, Primorac, Marija, "Water-Dilutable Biocompatible Microemulsion Systems: Design and Characterisation" in Tenside Surfactants Detergents, 50, no. 6 (2013):409-413,
https://doi.org/10.3139/113.110272 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Đekić, Ljiljana
AU  - Krajišnik, Danina
AU  - Đuriš, Jelena
AU  - Primorac, Marija
PY  - 2013
UR  - https://farfar.pharmacy.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/2037
AB  - The main purposes of pharmacotherapy in deep and superficial venous thrombosis are prevention and therapy of acute and chronic venous insufficiency as well as complications such as pulmonary embolism, dermatoses, venous ulcers and infection. The main therapeutics are: thrombolytics (streptokinase, alteplase), anticoagulants (heparin, enoxaparin, reviparin, dalteparin, nadroparin, fondaparinux, warfarin, acenocumarol, dabigatran etexilate, rivaroxaban) and vasoprotectives for oral administration (calcium dobesilate, bioflavonoids and plant extracts with vasoprotective activity), cutaneous application (heparin, heparinoids, aescin, troxerutin) and rectal administration (heparin in combination with corticosteroides, local anesthetics, epithelization agents and/or adstringents). Marketed pharmaceutical preparations for prevention and therapy of venous disorders are conventional dosage forms for: parenteral administration of antithrombotics (powder for solution for i.v. injection/infusion, solution for i.v. injection/infusion, solution for s.c. injection), oral administration of anticoagulants and vasoprotectives (tablets, film-coated tablets, hard capsules), cutaneous application (creams, hydrogels, ointments, pastes) and rectal administration (suppositories, rectal ointments, rectal foams). With suitable selection of the active substance form (low-molecular weight heparins, pro-drug dabigatran etexilate), technological processing (micronisation, nanonisation, recrystallization, peletization), excipients (e.g., solubilizers, absorption enhancers or percutaneous penetration/permeation enhancers), as well as by incorporation of the active substance into an appropriate vehicle/basis or by drug carrier encapsulation (e.g., liposomes), the improvements of biopharmaceutical profile, adherence, therapeutic efficacy and safety of such pharmaceutical preparations are achievable.
AB  - Farmakoterapija dubokih i superficijalnih venskih tromboza sprovodi se u cilju ublažavanja simptoma, prevencije ili lečenja akutne i hronične venske insuficijencije i komplikacija kao što su plućna embolija i varikozni ulkusi. Osnovu terapije čine: trombolitici (streptokinaza, alteplaza), antikoagulansi (heparin, heparini male molekulske mase, fondaparinuks, varfarin, acenokumarol, dabigatraneteksilat, rivaroksaban) i vazoprotektivi za oralnu upotrebu (kalcijum-dobesilat, bioflavonoidi i biljni ekstrakti sa vazoprotektivnim delovanjem), primenu na koži (heparin, heparinodi, escin, trokserutin) i rektalnoj sluzokoži (heparin u kombinaciji sa kortikosteroidima, lokalnim anesteticima, epitelizansima i/ili adstringensima). Registrovani su preparati za parenteralnu primenu antitrombotičkih sredstava (u obliku praškova za rastvore i rastvora za i.v. injekcije/infuzije ili rastvora za s.c. injekcije), peroralnu primenu antikoagulanasa i vazoprotektiva (u obliku neobloženih tableta, film tableta i tvrdih kapsula), kao i preparati sa vazoprotektivnim delovanjem za primenu na koži (u obliku kremova, hidrofilnih gelova, masti i pasta) i rektalnu primenu (u obliku supozitorija, rektalnih masti i rektalnih pena). Odgovarajućim izborom oblika aktivne supstance (niskomolekularne frakcije heparina, pro-lek dabigatraneteksilat), postupaka tehnološke obrade (mikronizacija, nanonizacija, rekristalizacija, peletizacija), korišćenjem pomoćnih supstanci kao što su solubilizatori i inhenseri apsorpcije ili perkutane penetracije/permeacije, inkorporiranjem aktivne supstance u odgovarajući vehikulum/podlogu/bazu i/ili inkapsulacijom u pogodan nosač (npr. liposomi), mogu se unaprediti biofarmaceutski profil preparata, adherenca, efikasnost i bezbednost terapije.
PB  - Savez farmaceutskih udruženja Srbije, Beograd
T2  - Arhiv za farmaciju
T1  - Pharmaceutical preparations in prevention and therapy of venous disorders: Pharmaceutical technology aspects
T1  - Farmaceutsko-tehnološki aspekti preparata za prevenciju i lečenje poremećaja venske cirkulacije
VL  - 63
IS  - 2
SP  - 248
EP  - 278
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_farfar_2037
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Đekić, Ljiljana and Krajišnik, Danina and Đuriš, Jelena and Primorac, Marija",
year = "2013",
abstract = "The main purposes of pharmacotherapy in deep and superficial venous thrombosis are prevention and therapy of acute and chronic venous insufficiency as well as complications such as pulmonary embolism, dermatoses, venous ulcers and infection. The main therapeutics are: thrombolytics (streptokinase, alteplase), anticoagulants (heparin, enoxaparin, reviparin, dalteparin, nadroparin, fondaparinux, warfarin, acenocumarol, dabigatran etexilate, rivaroxaban) and vasoprotectives for oral administration (calcium dobesilate, bioflavonoids and plant extracts with vasoprotective activity), cutaneous application (heparin, heparinoids, aescin, troxerutin) and rectal administration (heparin in combination with corticosteroides, local anesthetics, epithelization agents and/or adstringents). Marketed pharmaceutical preparations for prevention and therapy of venous disorders are conventional dosage forms for: parenteral administration of antithrombotics (powder for solution for i.v. injection/infusion, solution for i.v. injection/infusion, solution for s.c. injection), oral administration of anticoagulants and vasoprotectives (tablets, film-coated tablets, hard capsules), cutaneous application (creams, hydrogels, ointments, pastes) and rectal administration (suppositories, rectal ointments, rectal foams). With suitable selection of the active substance form (low-molecular weight heparins, pro-drug dabigatran etexilate), technological processing (micronisation, nanonisation, recrystallization, peletization), excipients (e.g., solubilizers, absorption enhancers or percutaneous penetration/permeation enhancers), as well as by incorporation of the active substance into an appropriate vehicle/basis or by drug carrier encapsulation (e.g., liposomes), the improvements of biopharmaceutical profile, adherence, therapeutic efficacy and safety of such pharmaceutical preparations are achievable., Farmakoterapija dubokih i superficijalnih venskih tromboza sprovodi se u cilju ublažavanja simptoma, prevencije ili lečenja akutne i hronične venske insuficijencije i komplikacija kao što su plućna embolija i varikozni ulkusi. Osnovu terapije čine: trombolitici (streptokinaza, alteplaza), antikoagulansi (heparin, heparini male molekulske mase, fondaparinuks, varfarin, acenokumarol, dabigatraneteksilat, rivaroksaban) i vazoprotektivi za oralnu upotrebu (kalcijum-dobesilat, bioflavonoidi i biljni ekstrakti sa vazoprotektivnim delovanjem), primenu na koži (heparin, heparinodi, escin, trokserutin) i rektalnoj sluzokoži (heparin u kombinaciji sa kortikosteroidima, lokalnim anesteticima, epitelizansima i/ili adstringensima). Registrovani su preparati za parenteralnu primenu antitrombotičkih sredstava (u obliku praškova za rastvore i rastvora za i.v. injekcije/infuzije ili rastvora za s.c. injekcije), peroralnu primenu antikoagulanasa i vazoprotektiva (u obliku neobloženih tableta, film tableta i tvrdih kapsula), kao i preparati sa vazoprotektivnim delovanjem za primenu na koži (u obliku kremova, hidrofilnih gelova, masti i pasta) i rektalnu primenu (u obliku supozitorija, rektalnih masti i rektalnih pena). Odgovarajućim izborom oblika aktivne supstance (niskomolekularne frakcije heparina, pro-lek dabigatraneteksilat), postupaka tehnološke obrade (mikronizacija, nanonizacija, rekristalizacija, peletizacija), korišćenjem pomoćnih supstanci kao što su solubilizatori i inhenseri apsorpcije ili perkutane penetracije/permeacije, inkorporiranjem aktivne supstance u odgovarajući vehikulum/podlogu/bazu i/ili inkapsulacijom u pogodan nosač (npr. liposomi), mogu se unaprediti biofarmaceutski profil preparata, adherenca, efikasnost i bezbednost terapije.",
publisher = "Savez farmaceutskih udruženja Srbije, Beograd",
journal = "Arhiv za farmaciju",
title = "Pharmaceutical preparations in prevention and therapy of venous disorders: Pharmaceutical technology aspects, Farmaceutsko-tehnološki aspekti preparata za prevenciju i lečenje poremećaja venske cirkulacije",
volume = "63",
number = "2",
pages = "248-278",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_farfar_2037"
}

Đekić, L., Krajišnik, D., Đuriš, J.,& Primorac, M.. (2013). Pharmaceutical preparations in prevention and therapy of venous disorders: Pharmaceutical technology aspects. in Arhiv za farmaciju
Savez farmaceutskih udruženja Srbije, Beograd., 63(2), 248-278.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_farfar_2037

Đekić L, Krajišnik D, Đuriš J, Primorac M. Pharmaceutical preparations in prevention and therapy of venous disorders: Pharmaceutical technology aspects. in Arhiv za farmaciju. 2013;63(2):248-278.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_farfar_2037 .

Đekić, Ljiljana, Krajišnik, Danina, Đuriš, Jelena, Primorac, Marija, "Pharmaceutical preparations in prevention and therapy of venous disorders: Pharmaceutical technology aspects" in Arhiv za farmaciju, 63, no. 2 (2013):248-278,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_farfar_2037 .

TY  - CHAP
AU  - Đekić, Ljiljana
AU  - Vasiljević, Dragana
AU  - Primorac, Marija
PY  - 2013
UR  - https://farfar.pharmacy.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/2020
AB  - This chapter introduces the concept of formulation development assisted by computer applications. Development and optimization of various types of pharmaceutical emulsions microemulsions, self-microemulsifying systems, and double emulsions are presented. Illustrative examples are presented to demonstrate the ability of computer-aided tools to facilitate formulation development. Various techniques, such as design of experiments and artificial neural networks, are implemented for optimization of the formulation and/or processing parameters. Furthermore, some of the critical quality attributes and processing parameters are optimized simultaneously. The examples presented should serve as the foundation for the future quality-by-design development of pharmaceutical emulsion and (self) microemulsion formulations.
PB  - Elsevier Inc.
T2  - Computer-Aided Applications in Pharmaceutical Technology
T1  - Computer-aided formulation development
SP  - 17
EP  - 29
DO  - 10.1016/B978-1-907568-27-5.50002-0
ER  - 

@inbook{
author = "Đekić, Ljiljana and Vasiljević, Dragana and Primorac, Marija",
year = "2013",
abstract = "This chapter introduces the concept of formulation development assisted by computer applications. Development and optimization of various types of pharmaceutical emulsions microemulsions, self-microemulsifying systems, and double emulsions are presented. Illustrative examples are presented to demonstrate the ability of computer-aided tools to facilitate formulation development. Various techniques, such as design of experiments and artificial neural networks, are implemented for optimization of the formulation and/or processing parameters. Furthermore, some of the critical quality attributes and processing parameters are optimized simultaneously. The examples presented should serve as the foundation for the future quality-by-design development of pharmaceutical emulsion and (self) microemulsion formulations.",
publisher = "Elsevier Inc.",
journal = "Computer-Aided Applications in Pharmaceutical Technology",
booktitle = "Computer-aided formulation development",
pages = "17-29",
doi = "10.1016/B978-1-907568-27-5.50002-0"
}

Đekić, L., Vasiljević, D.,& Primorac, M.. (2013). Computer-aided formulation development. in Computer-Aided Applications in Pharmaceutical Technology
Elsevier Inc.., 17-29.
https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-1-907568-27-5.50002-0

Đekić L, Vasiljević D, Primorac M. Computer-aided formulation development. in Computer-Aided Applications in Pharmaceutical Technology. 2013;:17-29.
doi:10.1016/B978-1-907568-27-5.50002-0 .

Đekić, Ljiljana, Vasiljević, Dragana, Primorac, Marija, "Computer-aided formulation development" in Computer-Aided Applications in Pharmaceutical Technology (2013):17-29,
https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-1-907568-27-5.50002-0 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Đekić, Ljiljana
AU  - Primorac, Marija
AU  - Filipić, Slavica
AU  - Agbaba, Danica
PY  - 2012
UR  - https://farfar.pharmacy.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1736
AB  - The current study investigates the performances of the multicomponent mixtures of nonionic surfactants regarding the microemulsion stabilisation, drug solubilization and in vitro drug release kinetic. The primary surfactant was PEG-8 caprylic/capric glycerides (Labrasol (R)). The cosurfactants were commercially available mixtures of octoxynol-12 and polysorbate 20 without or with the addition of PEG-40 hydrogenated castor oil (Solubilisant gamma (R) 2421 and Solubilisant gamma (R) 2429, respectively). The oil phase of microemulsions was isopropyl myristate. Phase behaviour study of the pseudo-ternary systems Labrasol (R)/cosurfactant/oil/water at surfactant-to-cosurfactant weight ratios (K-m) 40:60, 50:50 and 60:40, revealed a strong synergism in the investigated tensides mixtures for stabilisation of microemulsions containing up to 80% (w/w) of water phase at surfactant +cosurfactant-to-oil weight ratio (SCoS/O) 90:10. Solubilization of a model drug ibuprofen in concentration common for topical application (5%, w/w) was achieved at the water contents below 50% (w/w). Drug free and ibuprofen-loaded microemulsions M1-M6, containing 45% (w/w) of water phase, were prepared and characterized by polarized light microscopy, conductivity, pH, rheological and droplet size measurements. In vitro ibuprofen release kinetics from the microemulsions was investigated using paddle-over-enhancer cell method and compared with the commercial 5% (w/w) ibuprofen hydrogel product (Deep Relief (R), Mentholatum Company Ltd., USA). The investigated microemulsions were isotropic, low viscous Bingham-type liquids with the pH value (4.70-6.61) suitable for topical application. The different efficiency of the tensides mixtures for microemulsion stabilisation was observed, depending on the cosurfactant type and K-m value. Solubilisant gamma (R) 2429 as well as higher K-m (i.e., lower relative content of the cosurfactant) provided higher surfactant/cosurfactant synergism. The drug molecules were predominantly solubilized within the interface film. The amount of drug released from the formulations M3 (10.75%, w/w) and M6 (13.45%, w/w) (K-m 60: 40) was limited in comparison with the reference (22.22%, w/w) and follows the Higuchi model. Microemulsions M2 and M5 (K-m 50: 50) gave zero order drug release pattern and similar to 15% (w/w) ibuprofen released. The release profiles from microemulsions M1 and M4 (K-m 40: 60) did not fit well with the models used for analysis, although the amounts of ibuprofen released (24.47%, w/w) and 17.99% (w/w), respectively) were comparable to that of the reference hydrogel. The drug release mechanism was related with the surfactant/cosurfactant synergism, thus the lower efficiency of the tensides corresponded to the faster drug release.
PB  - Elsevier Science BV, Amsterdam
T2  - International Journal of Pharmaceutics
T1  - Investigation of surfactant/cosurfactant synergism impact on ibuprofen solubilization capacity and drug release characteristics of nonionic microemulsions
VL  - 433
IS  - 1-2
SP  - 25
EP  - 33
DO  - 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2012.04.070
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Đekić, Ljiljana and Primorac, Marija and Filipić, Slavica and Agbaba, Danica",
year = "2012",
abstract = "The current study investigates the performances of the multicomponent mixtures of nonionic surfactants regarding the microemulsion stabilisation, drug solubilization and in vitro drug release kinetic. The primary surfactant was PEG-8 caprylic/capric glycerides (Labrasol (R)). The cosurfactants were commercially available mixtures of octoxynol-12 and polysorbate 20 without or with the addition of PEG-40 hydrogenated castor oil (Solubilisant gamma (R) 2421 and Solubilisant gamma (R) 2429, respectively). The oil phase of microemulsions was isopropyl myristate. Phase behaviour study of the pseudo-ternary systems Labrasol (R)/cosurfactant/oil/water at surfactant-to-cosurfactant weight ratios (K-m) 40:60, 50:50 and 60:40, revealed a strong synergism in the investigated tensides mixtures for stabilisation of microemulsions containing up to 80% (w/w) of water phase at surfactant +cosurfactant-to-oil weight ratio (SCoS/O) 90:10. Solubilization of a model drug ibuprofen in concentration common for topical application (5%, w/w) was achieved at the water contents below 50% (w/w). Drug free and ibuprofen-loaded microemulsions M1-M6, containing 45% (w/w) of water phase, were prepared and characterized by polarized light microscopy, conductivity, pH, rheological and droplet size measurements. In vitro ibuprofen release kinetics from the microemulsions was investigated using paddle-over-enhancer cell method and compared with the commercial 5% (w/w) ibuprofen hydrogel product (Deep Relief (R), Mentholatum Company Ltd., USA). The investigated microemulsions were isotropic, low viscous Bingham-type liquids with the pH value (4.70-6.61) suitable for topical application. The different efficiency of the tensides mixtures for microemulsion stabilisation was observed, depending on the cosurfactant type and K-m value. Solubilisant gamma (R) 2429 as well as higher K-m (i.e., lower relative content of the cosurfactant) provided higher surfactant/cosurfactant synergism. The drug molecules were predominantly solubilized within the interface film. The amount of drug released from the formulations M3 (10.75%, w/w) and M6 (13.45%, w/w) (K-m 60: 40) was limited in comparison with the reference (22.22%, w/w) and follows the Higuchi model. Microemulsions M2 and M5 (K-m 50: 50) gave zero order drug release pattern and similar to 15% (w/w) ibuprofen released. The release profiles from microemulsions M1 and M4 (K-m 40: 60) did not fit well with the models used for analysis, although the amounts of ibuprofen released (24.47%, w/w) and 17.99% (w/w), respectively) were comparable to that of the reference hydrogel. The drug release mechanism was related with the surfactant/cosurfactant synergism, thus the lower efficiency of the tensides corresponded to the faster drug release.",
publisher = "Elsevier Science BV, Amsterdam",
journal = "International Journal of Pharmaceutics",
title = "Investigation of surfactant/cosurfactant synergism impact on ibuprofen solubilization capacity and drug release characteristics of nonionic microemulsions",
volume = "433",
number = "1-2",
pages = "25-33",
doi = "10.1016/j.ijpharm.2012.04.070"
}

Đekić, L., Primorac, M., Filipić, S.,& Agbaba, D.. (2012). Investigation of surfactant/cosurfactant synergism impact on ibuprofen solubilization capacity and drug release characteristics of nonionic microemulsions. in International Journal of Pharmaceutics
Elsevier Science BV, Amsterdam., 433(1-2), 25-33.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2012.04.070

Đekić L, Primorac M, Filipić S, Agbaba D. Investigation of surfactant/cosurfactant synergism impact on ibuprofen solubilization capacity and drug release characteristics of nonionic microemulsions. in International Journal of Pharmaceutics. 2012;433(1-2):25-33.
doi:10.1016/j.ijpharm.2012.04.070 .

Đekić, Ljiljana, Primorac, Marija, Filipić, Slavica, Agbaba, Danica, "Investigation of surfactant/cosurfactant synergism impact on ibuprofen solubilization capacity and drug release characteristics of nonionic microemulsions" in International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 433, no. 1-2 (2012):25-33,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2012.04.070 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Vasiljević, Dragana
AU  - Đekić, Ljiljana
AU  - Primorac, Marija
PY  - 2012
UR  - https://farfar.pharmacy.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1767
AB  - Polyglyceryl-3-methylglucose distearate (PMD, TEGO® Care 450, Evonik, Ger- many) is a natural (vegetable), non-ionic PEG-free emulsifier, suitable for the formulation of oil-in-water (o/w) cosmetic creams and lotions. The oil phase components can be selected from mineral oils, vegetable oils and synthetic esters, which enable different varieties of application profiles of these emulsions. It is possible to prepare stable emulsions using low-level concentration of the PMD (2-3%) if lotions contain 10-25%, and creams contain 20-40 % of oil phase. PMD forms a liquid crystal structure in the presence of stearic acid, glyceryl stearate, fatty alcohols, or their combinations. The o/w type creams, stabilized by these mixed emulsifiers are complex, multiphase systems. The aim of this work was to formulate, prepare and investigate long-term stability of the o/w creams stabilized by mixed emulsifier polyglyceryl-3 methylglucose distearate/glyceryl stearate/stearyl alcohol, depending on concentration levels of PMD (2 or 3%) and oil:water phase ratio (20:80 and 30:70). The samples were prepared using a hot/hot procedure. Organoleptic inspection, centrifugation tests, rheological measurements, electric conductivity and pH value measurements were performed 72 h, 1, 3, 12 and 30 months after preparation. The prepared samples were apparently white and homogenous creams. The consistency and homogeneity were preserved after centrifugation of the creams after 72 h, 1, 3, 12 and 30 months storage, and no phase separation could be detected. The pH values obtained are suitable for skin application. Conductivity values (25.2-63.7 μS cm-1, 72 h after preparation) were attributed to the multiple phase o/w emulsions with high percentages of fixed water. Results of the rheological measurements have shown that the investigated creams exhibited non-Newtonian thyxotropic behavior. The concentration of emulsifier PMD and oil phase content had an influence on the rheological parameters of investigated samples. The creams pre- pared with higher content of emulsifiers (3%) and oil phase (30%) exhibited higher values of apparent viscosities and thyxotropic area. The observed decrease of electrical conductivity and increase of apparent viscosities values, which occurred in the creams during 3 months of storage, were probably attributed to bulk water content decreasing. These changes are mildly expressed in the samples with higher content of oil phase. The obtained results of organoleptic characteristics, pH, electric conductivity value and rheological parameters during 30 months of storage indicate good long-term stability of the o/w creams prepared with mixed emulsifier containing PMD at low concentration levels (2 or 3%). Changes during ageing, caused by structuration of creams were less expressed in samples with 30% of oil phase, however, the observed differences were not related with the PMD concentration. In this case, advantage could be given to o/w cream prepared with 30% of oil phase, stabilized by using 2% emulsifier polyglyceryl-3 methyl- glucose distearate.
AB  - Poligliceril-3-metilglukoza-distearat je savremeni emulgator prirodnog (biljnog) porekla, biodegradabilan i ekološki prihvatljiv. Preporučuje se za izradu kozmetičkih ulje-u-vodi (u/v) kremova i losiona za različite namene. U kombinaciji sa masnim amfifilima predstavlja mešani emulgator, koji može efikasno da stabilizuje u/v kremove. Na osnovu rezultata ispitivanja izrađenih kremova (organoleptički izgled, određivanja vrednosti pH i električne provodljivosti, fizičke stabilnosti testom centrifugiranja i ispitivanja reoloških karakteristika), sprovedenih tokom 30 meseci, može se zaključiti da emulgator poligliceril-3-metilglukoza- -distearat, u upotrebljenim koncentracijama od 2 ili 3%, u kombinaciji sa masnim amfifilima (gliceril-stearat (2%) i stearil-alkohol (1%)) efikasno stabiliše kozmetičke u/v kremove, koji sadrže 20 ili 30% masne faze. Od svih izrađenih kremova, na osnovu dobijenih rezultata ispitivanja, prednost se može dati u/v kremu izrađenom sa 30% masne faze, stabilizovanom upotrebom 2% emulgatora poligliceril-3-metilglukoza-distearat.
PB  - Savez hemijskih inženjera, Beograd
T2  - Hemijska industrija
T1  - Long-term stability investigation of o/w cosmetic creams stabilized by mixed emulsifier
T1  - Ispitivanje dugoročne stabilnosti kozmetičkih u/v kremova stabilizovanih mešanim emulgatorom
VL  - 66
IS  - 6
SP  - 871
EP  - 878
DO  - 10.2298/HEMIND120613103V
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Vasiljević, Dragana and Đekić, Ljiljana and Primorac, Marija",
year = "2012",
abstract = "Polyglyceryl-3-methylglucose distearate (PMD, TEGO® Care 450, Evonik, Ger- many) is a natural (vegetable), non-ionic PEG-free emulsifier, suitable for the formulation of oil-in-water (o/w) cosmetic creams and lotions. The oil phase components can be selected from mineral oils, vegetable oils and synthetic esters, which enable different varieties of application profiles of these emulsions. It is possible to prepare stable emulsions using low-level concentration of the PMD (2-3%) if lotions contain 10-25%, and creams contain 20-40 % of oil phase. PMD forms a liquid crystal structure in the presence of stearic acid, glyceryl stearate, fatty alcohols, or their combinations. The o/w type creams, stabilized by these mixed emulsifiers are complex, multiphase systems. The aim of this work was to formulate, prepare and investigate long-term stability of the o/w creams stabilized by mixed emulsifier polyglyceryl-3 methylglucose distearate/glyceryl stearate/stearyl alcohol, depending on concentration levels of PMD (2 or 3%) and oil:water phase ratio (20:80 and 30:70). The samples were prepared using a hot/hot procedure. Organoleptic inspection, centrifugation tests, rheological measurements, electric conductivity and pH value measurements were performed 72 h, 1, 3, 12 and 30 months after preparation. The prepared samples were apparently white and homogenous creams. The consistency and homogeneity were preserved after centrifugation of the creams after 72 h, 1, 3, 12 and 30 months storage, and no phase separation could be detected. The pH values obtained are suitable for skin application. Conductivity values (25.2-63.7 μS cm-1, 72 h after preparation) were attributed to the multiple phase o/w emulsions with high percentages of fixed water. Results of the rheological measurements have shown that the investigated creams exhibited non-Newtonian thyxotropic behavior. The concentration of emulsifier PMD and oil phase content had an influence on the rheological parameters of investigated samples. The creams pre- pared with higher content of emulsifiers (3%) and oil phase (30%) exhibited higher values of apparent viscosities and thyxotropic area. The observed decrease of electrical conductivity and increase of apparent viscosities values, which occurred in the creams during 3 months of storage, were probably attributed to bulk water content decreasing. These changes are mildly expressed in the samples with higher content of oil phase. The obtained results of organoleptic characteristics, pH, electric conductivity value and rheological parameters during 30 months of storage indicate good long-term stability of the o/w creams prepared with mixed emulsifier containing PMD at low concentration levels (2 or 3%). Changes during ageing, caused by structuration of creams were less expressed in samples with 30% of oil phase, however, the observed differences were not related with the PMD concentration. In this case, advantage could be given to o/w cream prepared with 30% of oil phase, stabilized by using 2% emulsifier polyglyceryl-3 methyl- glucose distearate., Poligliceril-3-metilglukoza-distearat je savremeni emulgator prirodnog (biljnog) porekla, biodegradabilan i ekološki prihvatljiv. Preporučuje se za izradu kozmetičkih ulje-u-vodi (u/v) kremova i losiona za različite namene. U kombinaciji sa masnim amfifilima predstavlja mešani emulgator, koji može efikasno da stabilizuje u/v kremove. Na osnovu rezultata ispitivanja izrađenih kremova (organoleptički izgled, određivanja vrednosti pH i električne provodljivosti, fizičke stabilnosti testom centrifugiranja i ispitivanja reoloških karakteristika), sprovedenih tokom 30 meseci, može se zaključiti da emulgator poligliceril-3-metilglukoza- -distearat, u upotrebljenim koncentracijama od 2 ili 3%, u kombinaciji sa masnim amfifilima (gliceril-stearat (2%) i stearil-alkohol (1%)) efikasno stabiliše kozmetičke u/v kremove, koji sadrže 20 ili 30% masne faze. Od svih izrađenih kremova, na osnovu dobijenih rezultata ispitivanja, prednost se može dati u/v kremu izrađenom sa 30% masne faze, stabilizovanom upotrebom 2% emulgatora poligliceril-3-metilglukoza-distearat.",
publisher = "Savez hemijskih inženjera, Beograd",
journal = "Hemijska industrija",
title = "Long-term stability investigation of o/w cosmetic creams stabilized by mixed emulsifier, Ispitivanje dugoročne stabilnosti kozmetičkih u/v kremova stabilizovanih mešanim emulgatorom",
volume = "66",
number = "6",
pages = "871-878",
doi = "10.2298/HEMIND120613103V"
}

Vasiljević, D., Đekić, L.,& Primorac, M.. (2012). Long-term stability investigation of o/w cosmetic creams stabilized by mixed emulsifier. in Hemijska industrija
Savez hemijskih inženjera, Beograd., 66(6), 871-878.
https://doi.org/10.2298/HEMIND120613103V

Vasiljević D, Đekić L, Primorac M. Long-term stability investigation of o/w cosmetic creams stabilized by mixed emulsifier. in Hemijska industrija. 2012;66(6):871-878.
doi:10.2298/HEMIND120613103V .

Vasiljević, Dragana, Đekić, Ljiljana, Primorac, Marija, "Long-term stability investigation of o/w cosmetic creams stabilized by mixed emulsifier" in Hemijska industrija, 66, no. 6 (2012):871-878,
https://doi.org/10.2298/HEMIND120613103V . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Vasiljević, Dragana
AU  - Primorac, Marija
PY  - 2011
UR  - https://farfar.pharmacy.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1617
AB  - Inhalation is preferred route for asthma and COPD therapy, since it offers a rapid onset of drug action, requires smaller doses, and reduces systemic effects compared with other routes of administration. Delivering drugs by inhalation requires a formulation that can be successfully aerosolized and a delivery device that produces a useful aerosol of the drug. Three main inhalation devices have been developed: pressurized metered dose inhalers (MDI), dry powder inhalers (DPI) and nebulizers. MDI are very commonly used device for aerosol delivery. However, many patients have poor MDI technique. Valved holding chambers and spacers are used to improve MDI technique. DPI, either unit-dose or multi-dose inhalers, are portable and easy to use. Nebulizers convert liquid formulations into aerosols with a particle size that can be inhaled into the lower respiratory tract. In recent years, several technical innovations have led to aerosol drug delivery devices with efficient drug delivery. These changes have improved performance in all categories of devices. Systematic reviews have suggested that each of these aerosol delivery devices can work equally well in patients who can use them correctly. However, many patients use these devices incorrectly, so proper patient education by pharmacists is very important.
AB  - Inhalaciona terapija ima niz prednosti u poređenju sa drugim putevima primene: brzo delovanje leka, potrebne su manje doze, zbog čega je i manja mogućnost ispoljavanja neželjenih sistemskih efekata. Iz navedenih razloga se upravo ova terapija najviše koristi za lečenje astme i HOBP. Za isporuku leka inhalacionim putem neophodni su, osim formulacije, i uređaji koji će proizvesti aerosol, koji ima pogodne osobine za depoziciju u nižim delovima respiratornog trakta. Tri glavne kategorije uređaja za primenu inhalacionih preparata su: inhalatori pod pritiskom sa dozatorom (MDI), inhalatori za suvi prašak (DPI) i nebulizatori. MDI su najčešće korišćeni uređaji. Međutim, mnogi pacijenti ih nepravilno koriste. Spejseri i komore za zadržavanje doze mogu da povećaju efikasnost lekova primenjenih upotrebom MDI. DPI su jednodozni ili višedozni uređaji, malih dimenzija i jednostavni za upotrebu. Nebulizatori prevode tečne formulacije leka u aerosole čija je veličine kapi pogodna za inhalaciju. Poslednjih godina su tehničkim inovacijama poboljšane osobine svih kategorija uređaja, čime se postiže veća efikasnost inhalacionih lekova. Brojni izveštaji navode da svi uređaji mogu da budu efikasni, ako se koriste na odgovarajući način. Međutim, mnogi pacijenti ih pogrešno koriste, pa je uloga farmaceuta u edukaciji pacijenata veoma značajna.
PB  - Savez farmaceutskih udruženja Srbije, Beograd
T2  - Arhiv za farmaciju
T1  - Pharmaceutical-technological characteristics of modern inhalation drugs in pulmonary disease therapy
T1  - Farmaceutsko-tehnološke karakteristike savremenih inhalacionih lekova u terapiji plućnih bolesti
VL  - 61
IS  - 2
SP  - 226
EP  - 247
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_farfar_1617
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Vasiljević, Dragana and Primorac, Marija",
year = "2011",
abstract = "Inhalation is preferred route for asthma and COPD therapy, since it offers a rapid onset of drug action, requires smaller doses, and reduces systemic effects compared with other routes of administration. Delivering drugs by inhalation requires a formulation that can be successfully aerosolized and a delivery device that produces a useful aerosol of the drug. Three main inhalation devices have been developed: pressurized metered dose inhalers (MDI), dry powder inhalers (DPI) and nebulizers. MDI are very commonly used device for aerosol delivery. However, many patients have poor MDI technique. Valved holding chambers and spacers are used to improve MDI technique. DPI, either unit-dose or multi-dose inhalers, are portable and easy to use. Nebulizers convert liquid formulations into aerosols with a particle size that can be inhaled into the lower respiratory tract. In recent years, several technical innovations have led to aerosol drug delivery devices with efficient drug delivery. These changes have improved performance in all categories of devices. Systematic reviews have suggested that each of these aerosol delivery devices can work equally well in patients who can use them correctly. However, many patients use these devices incorrectly, so proper patient education by pharmacists is very important., Inhalaciona terapija ima niz prednosti u poređenju sa drugim putevima primene: brzo delovanje leka, potrebne su manje doze, zbog čega je i manja mogućnost ispoljavanja neželjenih sistemskih efekata. Iz navedenih razloga se upravo ova terapija najviše koristi za lečenje astme i HOBP. Za isporuku leka inhalacionim putem neophodni su, osim formulacije, i uređaji koji će proizvesti aerosol, koji ima pogodne osobine za depoziciju u nižim delovima respiratornog trakta. Tri glavne kategorije uređaja za primenu inhalacionih preparata su: inhalatori pod pritiskom sa dozatorom (MDI), inhalatori za suvi prašak (DPI) i nebulizatori. MDI su najčešće korišćeni uređaji. Međutim, mnogi pacijenti ih nepravilno koriste. Spejseri i komore za zadržavanje doze mogu da povećaju efikasnost lekova primenjenih upotrebom MDI. DPI su jednodozni ili višedozni uređaji, malih dimenzija i jednostavni za upotrebu. Nebulizatori prevode tečne formulacije leka u aerosole čija je veličine kapi pogodna za inhalaciju. Poslednjih godina su tehničkim inovacijama poboljšane osobine svih kategorija uređaja, čime se postiže veća efikasnost inhalacionih lekova. Brojni izveštaji navode da svi uređaji mogu da budu efikasni, ako se koriste na odgovarajući način. Međutim, mnogi pacijenti ih pogrešno koriste, pa je uloga farmaceuta u edukaciji pacijenata veoma značajna.",
publisher = "Savez farmaceutskih udruženja Srbije, Beograd",
journal = "Arhiv za farmaciju",
title = "Pharmaceutical-technological characteristics of modern inhalation drugs in pulmonary disease therapy, Farmaceutsko-tehnološke karakteristike savremenih inhalacionih lekova u terapiji plućnih bolesti",
volume = "61",
number = "2",
pages = "226-247",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_farfar_1617"
}

Vasiljević, D.,& Primorac, M.. (2011). Pharmaceutical-technological characteristics of modern inhalation drugs in pulmonary disease therapy. in Arhiv za farmaciju
Savez farmaceutskih udruženja Srbije, Beograd., 61(2), 226-247.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_farfar_1617

Vasiljević D, Primorac M. Pharmaceutical-technological characteristics of modern inhalation drugs in pulmonary disease therapy. in Arhiv za farmaciju. 2011;61(2):226-247.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_farfar_1617 .

Vasiljević, Dragana, Primorac, Marija, "Pharmaceutical-technological characteristics of modern inhalation drugs in pulmonary disease therapy" in Arhiv za farmaciju, 61, no. 2 (2011):226-247,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_farfar_1617 .