TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sharmin, Dishary
AU  - Divović, Branka
AU  - Ping, Xingjie
AU  - Cerne, Rok
AU  - Smith, Jodi L.
AU  - Rezvanian, Sepideh
AU  - Mondal, Prithu
AU  - Michelle, Meyer Jean
AU  - Kiley, Molly E.
AU  - Arnold, Leggy A.
AU  - Mian, Md Yeunus
AU  - Pandey, Kamal P.
AU  - Jin, Xiaoming
AU  - Mitrović, Jelena
AU  - Đorović, Đorđe
AU  - Lippa, Arnold
AU  - Cook, James M.
AU  - Golani, Lalit K.
AU  - Scholze, Petra
AU  - Savić, Miroslav
AU  - Witkin, Jeffrey M.
PY  - 2024
UR  - https://farfar.pharmacy.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/5505
AB  - KRM-II-81 (1) is an imidazodiazepine GABAA receptor (GABAAR) potentiator with broad antiseizure efficacy and a low sedative burden. A brominated analogue, DS-II-73 (5), was synthesized and pharmacologically characterized as a potential backup compound as KRM-II-81 moves forward into development. The synthesis from 2-amino-5-bromophenyl)(pyridin-2yl)methanone (6) was processed in five steps with an overall yield of 38% and without the need for a palladium catalyst. GABAAR binding occurred with a Ki of 150 nM, and only 3 of 41 screened binding sites produced inhibition ≥50% at 10 μM, and the potency to induce cytotoxicity was ≥240 mM. DS-II-73 was selective for α2/3/5- over that of α1-containing GABAARs. Oral exposure of plasma and brain of rats was more than sufficient to functionally impact GABAARs. Tonic convulsions in mice and lethality induced by pentylenetetrazol were suppressed by DS-II-73 after oral administration and latencies to clonic and tonic seizures were prolonged. Cortical slice preparations from a patient with pharmacoresistant epilepsy (mesial temporal lobe) showed decreases in the frequency of local field potentials by DS-II-73. As with KRM-II-81, the motor-impairing effects of DS-II-73 were low compared to diazepam. Molecular docking studies of DS-II-73 with the α1β3γ2L-configured GABAAR showed low interaction with α1His102 that is suggested as a potential molecular mechanism for its low sedative side effects. These findings support the viability of DS-II-73 as a backup molecule for its ethynyl analogue, KRM-II-81, with the human tissue data providing translational credibility.
PB  - American Chemical Society
T2  - ACS Chemical Neuroscience
T1  - New Imidazodiazepine Analogue, 5-(8-Bromo-6-(pyridin-2-yl)-4H-benzo[f]imidazo[1,5-a][1,4]diazepin-3-yl)oxazole, Provides a Simplified Synthetic Scheme, High Oral Plasma and Brain Exposures, and Produces Antiseizure Efficacy in Mice, and Antiepileptogenic Activity in Neural Networks in Brain Slices from a Patient with Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
VL  - 15
IS  - 3
SP  - 517
EP  - 526
DO  - 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00555
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Sharmin, Dishary and Divović, Branka and Ping, Xingjie and Cerne, Rok and Smith, Jodi L. and Rezvanian, Sepideh and Mondal, Prithu and Michelle, Meyer Jean and Kiley, Molly E. and Arnold, Leggy A. and Mian, Md Yeunus and Pandey, Kamal P. and Jin, Xiaoming and Mitrović, Jelena and Đorović, Đorđe and Lippa, Arnold and Cook, James M. and Golani, Lalit K. and Scholze, Petra and Savić, Miroslav and Witkin, Jeffrey M.",
year = "2024",
abstract = "KRM-II-81 (1) is an imidazodiazepine GABAA receptor (GABAAR) potentiator with broad antiseizure efficacy and a low sedative burden. A brominated analogue, DS-II-73 (5), was synthesized and pharmacologically characterized as a potential backup compound as KRM-II-81 moves forward into development. The synthesis from 2-amino-5-bromophenyl)(pyridin-2yl)methanone (6) was processed in five steps with an overall yield of 38% and without the need for a palladium catalyst. GABAAR binding occurred with a Ki of 150 nM, and only 3 of 41 screened binding sites produced inhibition ≥50% at 10 μM, and the potency to induce cytotoxicity was ≥240 mM. DS-II-73 was selective for α2/3/5- over that of α1-containing GABAARs. Oral exposure of plasma and brain of rats was more than sufficient to functionally impact GABAARs. Tonic convulsions in mice and lethality induced by pentylenetetrazol were suppressed by DS-II-73 after oral administration and latencies to clonic and tonic seizures were prolonged. Cortical slice preparations from a patient with pharmacoresistant epilepsy (mesial temporal lobe) showed decreases in the frequency of local field potentials by DS-II-73. As with KRM-II-81, the motor-impairing effects of DS-II-73 were low compared to diazepam. Molecular docking studies of DS-II-73 with the α1β3γ2L-configured GABAAR showed low interaction with α1His102 that is suggested as a potential molecular mechanism for its low sedative side effects. These findings support the viability of DS-II-73 as a backup molecule for its ethynyl analogue, KRM-II-81, with the human tissue data providing translational credibility.",
publisher = "American Chemical Society",
journal = "ACS Chemical Neuroscience",
title = "New Imidazodiazepine Analogue, 5-(8-Bromo-6-(pyridin-2-yl)-4H-benzo[f]imidazo[1,5-a][1,4]diazepin-3-yl)oxazole, Provides a Simplified Synthetic Scheme, High Oral Plasma and Brain Exposures, and Produces Antiseizure Efficacy in Mice, and Antiepileptogenic Activity in Neural Networks in Brain Slices from a Patient with Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy",
volume = "15",
number = "3",
pages = "517-526",
doi = "10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00555"
}

Sharmin, D., Divović, B., Ping, X., Cerne, R., Smith, J. L., Rezvanian, S., Mondal, P., Michelle, M. J., Kiley, M. E., Arnold, L. A., Mian, M. Y., Pandey, K. P., Jin, X., Mitrović, J., Đorović, Đ., Lippa, A., Cook, J. M., Golani, L. K., Scholze, P., Savić, M.,& Witkin, J. M.. (2024). New Imidazodiazepine Analogue, 5-(8-Bromo-6-(pyridin-2-yl)-4H-benzo[f]imidazo[1,5-a][1,4]diazepin-3-yl)oxazole, Provides a Simplified Synthetic Scheme, High Oral Plasma and Brain Exposures, and Produces Antiseizure Efficacy in Mice, and Antiepileptogenic Activity in Neural Networks in Brain Slices from a Patient with Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy. in ACS Chemical Neuroscience
American Chemical Society., 15(3), 517-526.
https://doi.org/10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00555

Sharmin D, Divović B, Ping X, Cerne R, Smith JL, Rezvanian S, Mondal P, Michelle MJ, Kiley ME, Arnold LA, Mian MY, Pandey KP, Jin X, Mitrović J, Đorović Đ, Lippa A, Cook JM, Golani LK, Scholze P, Savić M, Witkin JM. New Imidazodiazepine Analogue, 5-(8-Bromo-6-(pyridin-2-yl)-4H-benzo[f]imidazo[1,5-a][1,4]diazepin-3-yl)oxazole, Provides a Simplified Synthetic Scheme, High Oral Plasma and Brain Exposures, and Produces Antiseizure Efficacy in Mice, and Antiepileptogenic Activity in Neural Networks in Brain Slices from a Patient with Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy. in ACS Chemical Neuroscience. 2024;15(3):517-526.
doi:10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00555 .

Sharmin, Dishary, Divović, Branka, Ping, Xingjie, Cerne, Rok, Smith, Jodi L., Rezvanian, Sepideh, Mondal, Prithu, Michelle, Meyer Jean, Kiley, Molly E., Arnold, Leggy A., Mian, Md Yeunus, Pandey, Kamal P., Jin, Xiaoming, Mitrović, Jelena, Đorović, Đorđe, Lippa, Arnold, Cook, James M., Golani, Lalit K., Scholze, Petra, Savić, Miroslav, Witkin, Jeffrey M., "New Imidazodiazepine Analogue, 5-(8-Bromo-6-(pyridin-2-yl)-4H-benzo[f]imidazo[1,5-a][1,4]diazepin-3-yl)oxazole, Provides a Simplified Synthetic Scheme, High Oral Plasma and Brain Exposures, and Produces Antiseizure Efficacy in Mice, and Antiepileptogenic Activity in Neural Networks in Brain Slices from a Patient with Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy" in ACS Chemical Neuroscience, 15, no. 3 (2024):517-526,
https://doi.org/10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00555 . .

TY  - CONF
AU  - Đoković, Jelena
AU  - Nikolić, Ines
AU  - Sharmin, Dishary
AU  - Cook, James M.
AU  - Savić, Miroslav
AU  - Borchard, Gerrit
AU  - Savić, Snežana
PY  - 2024
UR  - https://farfar.pharmacy.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/5575
AB  - INTRODUCTION Temporal lobe epilepsy is characterized by seizures, but can also be associated with mental health problems for which there are no clear treatment regimens. A proprietary compound, GL-II-73 - (4R)-8-ethynyl-6-(2-fluorophenyl)-N,N,4-trimethyl-4H-benzo[f]imidazo[1,5-a][1,4]diazepine-3-carboxamide, a positive allosteric modulator of α5-containing γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors, has been shown to be effective in the treatment of these comorbidities [1]. ...
PB  - International Society of Drug Delivery Sciences and Technology (APGI)
PB  - International Association for Pharmaceutical Technology (APV)
PB  - Italian Society of Technology and Legislation (S.T.E.L.F)
C3  - 14th World Meeting on Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, 18 - 21 March 2024, Vienna, Austria
T1  - The impact of the aqueous phase on the physicochemical characteristics of nanoemulsions loaded with patent protected compound GL-II-73
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_farfar_5575
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Đoković, Jelena and Nikolić, Ines and Sharmin, Dishary and Cook, James M. and Savić, Miroslav and Borchard, Gerrit and Savić, Snežana",
year = "2024",
abstract = "INTRODUCTION Temporal lobe epilepsy is characterized by seizures, but can also be associated with mental health problems for which there are no clear treatment regimens. A proprietary compound, GL-II-73 - (4R)-8-ethynyl-6-(2-fluorophenyl)-N,N,4-trimethyl-4H-benzo[f]imidazo[1,5-a][1,4]diazepine-3-carboxamide, a positive allosteric modulator of α5-containing γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors, has been shown to be effective in the treatment of these comorbidities [1]. ...",
publisher = "International Society of Drug Delivery Sciences and Technology (APGI), International Association for Pharmaceutical Technology (APV), Italian Society of Technology and Legislation (S.T.E.L.F)",
journal = "14th World Meeting on Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, 18 - 21 March 2024, Vienna, Austria",
title = "The impact of the aqueous phase on the physicochemical characteristics of nanoemulsions loaded with patent protected compound GL-II-73",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_farfar_5575"
}

Đoković, J., Nikolić, I., Sharmin, D., Cook, J. M., Savić, M., Borchard, G.,& Savić, S.. (2024). The impact of the aqueous phase on the physicochemical characteristics of nanoemulsions loaded with patent protected compound GL-II-73. in 14th World Meeting on Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, 18 - 21 March 2024, Vienna, Austria
International Society of Drug Delivery Sciences and Technology (APGI)..
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_farfar_5575

Đoković J, Nikolić I, Sharmin D, Cook JM, Savić M, Borchard G, Savić S. The impact of the aqueous phase on the physicochemical characteristics of nanoemulsions loaded with patent protected compound GL-II-73. in 14th World Meeting on Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, 18 - 21 March 2024, Vienna, Austria. 2024;.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_farfar_5575 .

Đoković, Jelena, Nikolić, Ines, Sharmin, Dishary, Cook, James M., Savić, Miroslav, Borchard, Gerrit, Savić, Snežana, "The impact of the aqueous phase on the physicochemical characteristics of nanoemulsions loaded with patent protected compound GL-II-73" in 14th World Meeting on Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, 18 - 21 March 2024, Vienna, Austria (2024),
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_farfar_5575 .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Pandey, Kamal P.
AU  - Divović, Branka
AU  - Rashid, Farjana
AU  - Golani, Lalit K.
AU  - Cerne, Rok
AU  - Zahn, Nicolas M.
AU  - Meyer, Michelle Jean
AU  - Arnold, Leggy A.
AU  - Sharmin, Dishary
AU  - Mian, Md Yeunus
AU  - Smith, Jodi L.
AU  - Ping, Xingjie
AU  - Jin, Xiaoming
AU  - Lippa, Arnold
AU  - Tiruveedhula, Phani Babu V. V. N.
AU  - Cook, James M.
AU  - Savić, Miroslav
AU  - Witkin, Jeffrey M.
PY  - 2023
UR  - https://farfar.pharmacy.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/5605
AB  - To provide back-up compounds to support the development of the GABAA receptor (GABAAR) potentiator KRM-II-81, three novel analogs were designed: replacing the pyridinyl with 2'-Cl-phenyl (FR-II-60), changing the positions of the N and O atoms in the oxazole ring with addition of an ethyl group (KPPIII-34 and KPP-III-51), or substituting a Br atom for the ethynyl of KRM-II-81 (KPP-III-34). The compounds bound to brain GABAARs. Intraperitoneal administration of FR-II-60 and KPP-III-34 produced anticonvulsant activity in mice [maximal electroshock (MES)-induced seizures or 6 Hz-induced seizures], whereas KPPIII-51 did not. Although all compounds were orally bioavailable, structural changes reduced the plasma and brain (FR-II-60 and KPP-III-51) exposures relative to KRM-II-81. Oral administration of each compound produced dose-dependent increases in the latency for both clonic and tonic seizures and the lethality induced by pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) in mice. Since KPP-III-34 produced the highest brain area under the curve (AUC) exposures, it was selected for further profiling. Oral administration of KPP-III-34 suppressed seizures in corneal-kindled mice, hippocampal paroxysmal discharges in mesial temporal lobe epileptic mice, and PTZ-induced convulsions in rats. Only transient sensorimotor impairment was observed in mice, and doses of KPP-III-34 up to 500 mg/kg did not produce impairment in rats. Molecular docking studies demonstrated that all compounds displayed a reduced propensity for binding to a1His102 compared with the sedating compound alprazolam; the bromine-substituted KPP-III-34 achieved the least interaction. Overall, these findings document the oral bioavailability and anticonvulsant efficacy of three novel analogs of KRM-II-81 with reduced sedative effects. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT A new non-sedating compound, KRM-II-81, with reduced propensity for tolerance is moving into clinical development. Three new analogs were orally bioavailable, produced anticonvulsant effects in rodents, and displayed low sensorimotor impairment. KPP-III-34 demonstrated efficacy in models of pharmacoresistant epilepsy. Docking studies demonstrated a low propensity for compound binding to the a1His102 residue implicated in sedation. Thus, three additional structures have been added to the list of non-sedating imidazodiazepine anticonvulsants that could serve as backups in the clinical development of KRM-II-81. Copyright © 2023 by The American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics.
PB  - American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapy (ASPET)
T2  - Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
T1  - Structural Analogs of the GABAkine KRM-II-81 Are Orally Bioavailable Anticonvulsants without Sedation
VL  - 385
IS  - 1
SP  - 50
EP  - 61
DO  - 10.1124/jpet.122.001362
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Pandey, Kamal P. and Divović, Branka and Rashid, Farjana and Golani, Lalit K. and Cerne, Rok and Zahn, Nicolas M. and Meyer, Michelle Jean and Arnold, Leggy A. and Sharmin, Dishary and Mian, Md Yeunus and Smith, Jodi L. and Ping, Xingjie and Jin, Xiaoming and Lippa, Arnold and Tiruveedhula, Phani Babu V. V. N. and Cook, James M. and Savić, Miroslav and Witkin, Jeffrey M.",
year = "2023",
abstract = "To provide back-up compounds to support the development of the GABAA receptor (GABAAR) potentiator KRM-II-81, three novel analogs were designed: replacing the pyridinyl with 2'-Cl-phenyl (FR-II-60), changing the positions of the N and O atoms in the oxazole ring with addition of an ethyl group (KPPIII-34 and KPP-III-51), or substituting a Br atom for the ethynyl of KRM-II-81 (KPP-III-34). The compounds bound to brain GABAARs. Intraperitoneal administration of FR-II-60 and KPP-III-34 produced anticonvulsant activity in mice [maximal electroshock (MES)-induced seizures or 6 Hz-induced seizures], whereas KPPIII-51 did not. Although all compounds were orally bioavailable, structural changes reduced the plasma and brain (FR-II-60 and KPP-III-51) exposures relative to KRM-II-81. Oral administration of each compound produced dose-dependent increases in the latency for both clonic and tonic seizures and the lethality induced by pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) in mice. Since KPP-III-34 produced the highest brain area under the curve (AUC) exposures, it was selected for further profiling. Oral administration of KPP-III-34 suppressed seizures in corneal-kindled mice, hippocampal paroxysmal discharges in mesial temporal lobe epileptic mice, and PTZ-induced convulsions in rats. Only transient sensorimotor impairment was observed in mice, and doses of KPP-III-34 up to 500 mg/kg did not produce impairment in rats. Molecular docking studies demonstrated that all compounds displayed a reduced propensity for binding to a1His102 compared with the sedating compound alprazolam; the bromine-substituted KPP-III-34 achieved the least interaction. Overall, these findings document the oral bioavailability and anticonvulsant efficacy of three novel analogs of KRM-II-81 with reduced sedative effects. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT A new non-sedating compound, KRM-II-81, with reduced propensity for tolerance is moving into clinical development. Three new analogs were orally bioavailable, produced anticonvulsant effects in rodents, and displayed low sensorimotor impairment. KPP-III-34 demonstrated efficacy in models of pharmacoresistant epilepsy. Docking studies demonstrated a low propensity for compound binding to the a1His102 residue implicated in sedation. Thus, three additional structures have been added to the list of non-sedating imidazodiazepine anticonvulsants that could serve as backups in the clinical development of KRM-II-81. Copyright © 2023 by The American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics.",
publisher = "American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapy (ASPET)",
journal = "Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics",
title = "Structural Analogs of the GABAkine KRM-II-81 Are Orally Bioavailable Anticonvulsants without Sedation",
volume = "385",
number = "1",
pages = "50-61",
doi = "10.1124/jpet.122.001362"
}

Pandey, K. P., Divović, B., Rashid, F., Golani, L. K., Cerne, R., Zahn, N. M., Meyer, M. J., Arnold, L. A., Sharmin, D., Mian, M. Y., Smith, J. L., Ping, X., Jin, X., Lippa, A., Tiruveedhula, P. B. V. V. N., Cook, J. M., Savić, M.,& Witkin, J. M.. (2023). Structural Analogs of the GABAkine KRM-II-81 Are Orally Bioavailable Anticonvulsants without Sedation. in Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapy (ASPET)., 385(1), 50-61.
https://doi.org/10.1124/jpet.122.001362

Pandey KP, Divović B, Rashid F, Golani LK, Cerne R, Zahn NM, Meyer MJ, Arnold LA, Sharmin D, Mian MY, Smith JL, Ping X, Jin X, Lippa A, Tiruveedhula PBVVN, Cook JM, Savić M, Witkin JM. Structural Analogs of the GABAkine KRM-II-81 Are Orally Bioavailable Anticonvulsants without Sedation. in Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. 2023;385(1):50-61.
doi:10.1124/jpet.122.001362 .

Pandey, Kamal P., Divović, Branka, Rashid, Farjana, Golani, Lalit K., Cerne, Rok, Zahn, Nicolas M., Meyer, Michelle Jean, Arnold, Leggy A., Sharmin, Dishary, Mian, Md Yeunus, Smith, Jodi L., Ping, Xingjie, Jin, Xiaoming, Lippa, Arnold, Tiruveedhula, Phani Babu V. V. N., Cook, James M., Savić, Miroslav, Witkin, Jeffrey M., "Structural Analogs of the GABAkine KRM-II-81 Are Orally Bioavailable Anticonvulsants without Sedation" in Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 385, no. 1 (2023):50-61,
https://doi.org/10.1124/jpet.122.001362 . .

TY  - CONF
AU  - Đoković, Jelena
AU  - Marković, Bojan
AU  - Sharmin, Dishary
AU  - Cook, James M.
AU  - Savić, Miroslav
AU  - Savić, Snežana
PY  - 2023
UR  - https://farfar.pharmacy.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/5049
AB  - Introduction Nanopharmaceuticals offer a good method to avoid some of the difficulties that novel drug candidates confront. They can be tailored to adjust their water solubility, half-life, biodistribution, and govern the release of the integrated medication. Because of the excipients utilized, lipid nanocarriers (liposomes, nanoemulsions (NEs), nanoparticles) have been used to increase brain targeting (1,2). The investigated compound (GL-II-73) - (4R)-8-ethynyl-6-(2-fluorophenyl)-N,N,4-trimethyl-4H-benzo[f]imidazo[1,5-a] [1,4]diazepine-3-carboxamide is imidazobenzodiazepine (IBZD) ligand that acts as positive allosteric modulator on α-GABAA receptors and was shown to possess combined antidepressant and pro-cognitive effects, making it a promising candidate for further research (3). This work aims to investigate the physicochemical features of GL-II-73 to pick the best parenteral nanodelivery system for prospective research to assess its parameters. Мaterials and methods The saturation solubility of GL-II-73 was determined by adding it in excess to various oils (medium chain triglycerides, soybean, castor, and fish oil) to assess the oil solubility for the substance and select the optimal oil phase composition capable of incorporating the highest concentration of the GL-II-73. It was necessary to test the substance's solubility in buffers of various pH values to determine whether it has pH-dependent solubility. This investigation was carried out by incubating GL-II-73 and studied mediums on vortex for 24 hours and centrifuging to isolate supernatants from which the GL-II-73 concentration was evaluated using the LC-MS/MS method. The measurements were taken three times. In addition, after a 24-hour equilibration interval and determination of the GL-II-73 concentration, the log P value was obtained in an octanol/water system. Based on these findings, preliminary GL-II-73 (NE) was prepared using the high pressure homogenization method. In brief, the oil and aqueous phases were prepared separately and heated to 50 ˚C. They were then pre-mixed at the rotor stator homogenizer before being homogenized for 10 discontinuous cycles at 800 bar on the high pressure homogenizer. After diluting the sample in 1:500, v/v, ultra-purified water, the resulting formulations were characterized in terms of droplet size using the dynamic light scattering (DLS) technique on a Zetasizer Nano ZS90 (Malvern Instruments Ltd., Worcestershire, U.K.). On the same equipment, the NE's zeta potential (ZP) was measured. In addition, the pH and conductivity of the samples were examined. The ultrafiltration technique was used to evaluate the encapsulation efficacy (EE) by depositing 2 ml of the material in Amicon Ultra-4; NMWL 10 kDa filter units and centrifuging at 4500 rcf for 90 minutes. The EE was computed as %EE = ((A formulation A filtrate)/A formulation) 100, where A formulation represents the compound content in the formulation and A filtrate represents the filtrate, which was diluted in methanol and analyzed for Gl-II-73 content using the LC-MS/MS technique. During the one-month storage period, these conditions were monitored. Results and discussion Table 1 shows the solubility of GL-II-73 in the oils and buffers tested. The relatively good oil solubility, together with the log P value of 2.09, suggested that NEs could be promising carriers for GL-II-73. The highest oil solubility was detected in medium chain triglycerides, making them the oil phase of choice for future formulation development. Based on the solubility in 0.1 M HCl and phosphate buffer pH 7.4, it is possible to deduce that GL-II-73 has pH dependent solubility, with increased solubility observed as pH decreases, most likely due to the presence of ionizable functional groups and multiple H-bond acceptors. This suggested that the best EE would most likely be obtained by increasing the pH of the aqueous phase and keeping the chemical entrapped in the NE droplets. Solubility in organic solvents revealed that methanol is the best solvent for GL-II-73, as expected given its greater polarity index compared to isopropanol, which is why it was chosen for future characterization. Based on the solubility study, NE of the following composition was prepared: oil phase - medium chain tryglicerides (20%, w/w), soybean lecithin (2%, w/w), buthylhidroxytoluen (0.05%, w/w) and aqueous phase polysorbate 80 (2%, w/w), glycerol (2.25%, w/w), sodium oleate (0.03%, w/w), GL-II-73 (0.2%, w/w) and highly purified water to 100. The values of physicochemical parameters (Z-ave, PDI, ZP, pH, conductivity, drug content and encapsulation efficacy), measured both initially and after one month of storage, indicate suitability for parenteral administration. Conclusion Preliminary studies suggested that NEs are good prospective carriers for GL-II-73, but further research is needed for stability optimization.
PB  - Macedonian Pharmaceutical Association
PB  - Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Faculty of Pharmacy
C3  - 14th Central European Symposium on Pharmaceutical Technology, 28th - 30th September, Ohrid, N. Macedonia
T1  - Preformulation and development of preliminary nanoemulsion carrier for patent protected compound GL-II-73
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_farfar_5049
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Đoković, Jelena and Marković, Bojan and Sharmin, Dishary and Cook, James M. and Savić, Miroslav and Savić, Snežana",
year = "2023",
abstract = "Introduction Nanopharmaceuticals offer a good method to avoid some of the difficulties that novel drug candidates confront. They can be tailored to adjust their water solubility, half-life, biodistribution, and govern the release of the integrated medication. Because of the excipients utilized, lipid nanocarriers (liposomes, nanoemulsions (NEs), nanoparticles) have been used to increase brain targeting (1,2). The investigated compound (GL-II-73) - (4R)-8-ethynyl-6-(2-fluorophenyl)-N,N,4-trimethyl-4H-benzo[f]imidazo[1,5-a] [1,4]diazepine-3-carboxamide is imidazobenzodiazepine (IBZD) ligand that acts as positive allosteric modulator on α-GABAA receptors and was shown to possess combined antidepressant and pro-cognitive effects, making it a promising candidate for further research (3). This work aims to investigate the physicochemical features of GL-II-73 to pick the best parenteral nanodelivery system for prospective research to assess its parameters. Мaterials and methods The saturation solubility of GL-II-73 was determined by adding it in excess to various oils (medium chain triglycerides, soybean, castor, and fish oil) to assess the oil solubility for the substance and select the optimal oil phase composition capable of incorporating the highest concentration of the GL-II-73. It was necessary to test the substance's solubility in buffers of various pH values to determine whether it has pH-dependent solubility. This investigation was carried out by incubating GL-II-73 and studied mediums on vortex for 24 hours and centrifuging to isolate supernatants from which the GL-II-73 concentration was evaluated using the LC-MS/MS method. The measurements were taken three times. In addition, after a 24-hour equilibration interval and determination of the GL-II-73 concentration, the log P value was obtained in an octanol/water system. Based on these findings, preliminary GL-II-73 (NE) was prepared using the high pressure homogenization method. In brief, the oil and aqueous phases were prepared separately and heated to 50 ˚C. They were then pre-mixed at the rotor stator homogenizer before being homogenized for 10 discontinuous cycles at 800 bar on the high pressure homogenizer. After diluting the sample in 1:500, v/v, ultra-purified water, the resulting formulations were characterized in terms of droplet size using the dynamic light scattering (DLS) technique on a Zetasizer Nano ZS90 (Malvern Instruments Ltd., Worcestershire, U.K.). On the same equipment, the NE's zeta potential (ZP) was measured. In addition, the pH and conductivity of the samples were examined. The ultrafiltration technique was used to evaluate the encapsulation efficacy (EE) by depositing 2 ml of the material in Amicon Ultra-4; NMWL 10 kDa filter units and centrifuging at 4500 rcf for 90 minutes. The EE was computed as %EE = ((A formulation A filtrate)/A formulation) 100, where A formulation represents the compound content in the formulation and A filtrate represents the filtrate, which was diluted in methanol and analyzed for Gl-II-73 content using the LC-MS/MS technique. During the one-month storage period, these conditions were monitored. Results and discussion Table 1 shows the solubility of GL-II-73 in the oils and buffers tested. The relatively good oil solubility, together with the log P value of 2.09, suggested that NEs could be promising carriers for GL-II-73. The highest oil solubility was detected in medium chain triglycerides, making them the oil phase of choice for future formulation development. Based on the solubility in 0.1 M HCl and phosphate buffer pH 7.4, it is possible to deduce that GL-II-73 has pH dependent solubility, with increased solubility observed as pH decreases, most likely due to the presence of ionizable functional groups and multiple H-bond acceptors. This suggested that the best EE would most likely be obtained by increasing the pH of the aqueous phase and keeping the chemical entrapped in the NE droplets. Solubility in organic solvents revealed that methanol is the best solvent for GL-II-73, as expected given its greater polarity index compared to isopropanol, which is why it was chosen for future characterization. Based on the solubility study, NE of the following composition was prepared: oil phase - medium chain tryglicerides (20%, w/w), soybean lecithin (2%, w/w), buthylhidroxytoluen (0.05%, w/w) and aqueous phase polysorbate 80 (2%, w/w), glycerol (2.25%, w/w), sodium oleate (0.03%, w/w), GL-II-73 (0.2%, w/w) and highly purified water to 100. The values of physicochemical parameters (Z-ave, PDI, ZP, pH, conductivity, drug content and encapsulation efficacy), measured both initially and after one month of storage, indicate suitability for parenteral administration. Conclusion Preliminary studies suggested that NEs are good prospective carriers for GL-II-73, but further research is needed for stability optimization.",
publisher = "Macedonian Pharmaceutical Association, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Faculty of Pharmacy",
journal = "14th Central European Symposium on Pharmaceutical Technology, 28th - 30th September, Ohrid, N. Macedonia",
title = "Preformulation and development of preliminary nanoemulsion carrier for patent protected compound GL-II-73",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_farfar_5049"
}

Đoković, J., Marković, B., Sharmin, D., Cook, J. M., Savić, M.,& Savić, S.. (2023). Preformulation and development of preliminary nanoemulsion carrier for patent protected compound GL-II-73. in 14th Central European Symposium on Pharmaceutical Technology, 28th - 30th September, Ohrid, N. Macedonia
Macedonian Pharmaceutical Association..
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_farfar_5049

Đoković J, Marković B, Sharmin D, Cook JM, Savić M, Savić S. Preformulation and development of preliminary nanoemulsion carrier for patent protected compound GL-II-73. in 14th Central European Symposium on Pharmaceutical Technology, 28th - 30th September, Ohrid, N. Macedonia. 2023;.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_farfar_5049 .

Đoković, Jelena, Marković, Bojan, Sharmin, Dishary, Cook, James M., Savić, Miroslav, Savić, Snežana, "Preformulation and development of preliminary nanoemulsion carrier for patent protected compound GL-II-73" in 14th Central European Symposium on Pharmaceutical Technology, 28th - 30th September, Ohrid, N. Macedonia (2023),
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_farfar_5049 .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mitrović, Jelena
AU  - Bjelošević Žiberna, Maja
AU  - Vukadinović, Aleksandar
AU  - Knutson, Daniel E.
AU  - Sharmin, Dishary
AU  - Kremenović, Aleksandar
AU  - Ahlin Grabnar, Pegi
AU  - Planinšek, Odon
AU  - Lunter, Dominique
AU  - Cook, James M
AU  - Savić, Miroslav
AU  - Savić, Snežana
PY  - 2023
UR  - https://farfar.pharmacy.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/4982
AB  - Recently, nanocrystal dispersions have been considered as a promising formulation strategy to improve the bioavailability of the deuterated pyrazoloquinolinone ligand DK-I-56-1 (7‑methoxy-2-(4‑methoxy-d3-phenyl)-2,5-dihydro-3H-pyrazolo[4,3-c]quinolin-3-one). In the current study, the freeze-drying process (formulation and process parameters) was investigated to improve the storage stability of the previously developed formulation. Different combinations of lyoprotectant (sucrose or trehalose) and bulking agent (mannitol) were varied while formulations were freeze-dried under two conditions (primary drying at -10 or -45 °C). The obtained lyophilizates were characterized in terms of particle size, solid state properties and morphology, while the interactions within the samples were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. In the preliminary study, three formulations were selected based on the high redispersibility index values (around 95%). The temperature of primary drying had no significant effect on particle size, but stability during storage was impaired for samples dried at -10 °C. Samples dried at lower temperature were more homogeneous and remained stable for three months. It was found that the optimal ratio of sucrose or trehalose to mannitol was 3:2 at a total concentration of 10% to achieve the best stability (particle size < 1.0 μm, polydispersity index < 0.250). The amorphous state of lyoprotectants probably provided a high degree of interaction with nanocrystals, while the crystalline mannitol provided an elegant cake structure. Sucrose was superior to trehalose in maintaining particle size during freeze-drying, while trehalose was more effective in keeping particle size within limits during storage. In conclusion, results demonstrated that the appropriate combination of sucrose/trehalose and mannitol together with the appropriate selection of lyophilization process parameters could yield nanocrystals with satisfactory stability.
PB  - Elsevier B.V.
T2  - European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
T1  - Freeze-dried nanocrystal dispersion of novel deuterated pyrazoloquinolinone ligand (DK-I-56-1): Process parameters and lyoprotectant selection through the stability study
VL  - 189
DO  - 10.1016/j.ejps.2023.106557
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Mitrović, Jelena and Bjelošević Žiberna, Maja and Vukadinović, Aleksandar and Knutson, Daniel E. and Sharmin, Dishary and Kremenović, Aleksandar and Ahlin Grabnar, Pegi and Planinšek, Odon and Lunter, Dominique and Cook, James M and Savić, Miroslav and Savić, Snežana",
year = "2023",
abstract = "Recently, nanocrystal dispersions have been considered as a promising formulation strategy to improve the bioavailability of the deuterated pyrazoloquinolinone ligand DK-I-56-1 (7‑methoxy-2-(4‑methoxy-d3-phenyl)-2,5-dihydro-3H-pyrazolo[4,3-c]quinolin-3-one). In the current study, the freeze-drying process (formulation and process parameters) was investigated to improve the storage stability of the previously developed formulation. Different combinations of lyoprotectant (sucrose or trehalose) and bulking agent (mannitol) were varied while formulations were freeze-dried under two conditions (primary drying at -10 or -45 °C). The obtained lyophilizates were characterized in terms of particle size, solid state properties and morphology, while the interactions within the samples were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. In the preliminary study, three formulations were selected based on the high redispersibility index values (around 95%). The temperature of primary drying had no significant effect on particle size, but stability during storage was impaired for samples dried at -10 °C. Samples dried at lower temperature were more homogeneous and remained stable for three months. It was found that the optimal ratio of sucrose or trehalose to mannitol was 3:2 at a total concentration of 10% to achieve the best stability (particle size < 1.0 μm, polydispersity index < 0.250). The amorphous state of lyoprotectants probably provided a high degree of interaction with nanocrystals, while the crystalline mannitol provided an elegant cake structure. Sucrose was superior to trehalose in maintaining particle size during freeze-drying, while trehalose was more effective in keeping particle size within limits during storage. In conclusion, results demonstrated that the appropriate combination of sucrose/trehalose and mannitol together with the appropriate selection of lyophilization process parameters could yield nanocrystals with satisfactory stability.",
publisher = "Elsevier B.V.",
journal = "European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences",
title = "Freeze-dried nanocrystal dispersion of novel deuterated pyrazoloquinolinone ligand (DK-I-56-1): Process parameters and lyoprotectant selection through the stability study",
volume = "189",
doi = "10.1016/j.ejps.2023.106557"
}

Mitrović, J., Bjelošević Žiberna, M., Vukadinović, A., Knutson, D. E., Sharmin, D., Kremenović, A., Ahlin Grabnar, P., Planinšek, O., Lunter, D., Cook, J. M., Savić, M.,& Savić, S.. (2023). Freeze-dried nanocrystal dispersion of novel deuterated pyrazoloquinolinone ligand (DK-I-56-1): Process parameters and lyoprotectant selection through the stability study. in European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
Elsevier B.V.., 189.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejps.2023.106557

Mitrović J, Bjelošević Žiberna M, Vukadinović A, Knutson DE, Sharmin D, Kremenović A, Ahlin Grabnar P, Planinšek O, Lunter D, Cook JM, Savić M, Savić S. Freeze-dried nanocrystal dispersion of novel deuterated pyrazoloquinolinone ligand (DK-I-56-1): Process parameters and lyoprotectant selection through the stability study. in European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2023;189.
doi:10.1016/j.ejps.2023.106557 .

Mitrović, Jelena, Bjelošević Žiberna, Maja, Vukadinović, Aleksandar, Knutson, Daniel E., Sharmin, Dishary, Kremenović, Aleksandar, Ahlin Grabnar, Pegi, Planinšek, Odon, Lunter, Dominique, Cook, James M, Savić, Miroslav, Savić, Snežana, "Freeze-dried nanocrystal dispersion of novel deuterated pyrazoloquinolinone ligand (DK-I-56-1): Process parameters and lyoprotectant selection through the stability study" in European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 189 (2023),
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejps.2023.106557 . .

TY  - CONF
AU  - Đoković, Jelena
AU  - Marković, Bojan
AU  - Sharmin, Dishary
AU  - Cook, James M.
AU  - Savić, Miroslav
AU  - Savić, Snežana
PY  - 2023
UR  - https://farfar.pharmacy.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/5050
AB  - Nanopharmaceuticals offer a good option to avoid
some of the difficulties that novel drug candidates
confront. They can be tailored to adjust their water
solubility, half-life, biodistribution, and govern the release
of the integrated medication. Because of the excipients
utilized, lipid nanocarriers (liposomes, nanoemulsions
(NEs), nanoparticles) have been used to increase brain
targeting (Bisso et al., 2020; Ilić et al., 2023).
The investigated compound (GL-II-73) - (4R)-8-
ethynyl-6-(2-fluorophenyl)-N,N,4-trimethyl-4H-
benzo[f]imidazo[1,5-a] [1,4]diazepine-3-carboxamide is
imidazobenzodiazepine (IBZD) ligand that acts as positive
allosteric modulator on α-GABAA receptors and was
shown to possess combined antidepressant and pro-
cognitive effects, making it a promising candidate for
further research (Prevot et al., 2019).
This work aims to investigate the physicochemical
features of GL-II-73 to pick the best parenteral
nanodelivery system for prospective research to assess its
parameters.
PB  - Macedonian Pharmaceutical Association
PB  - Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Faculty of Pharmacy
C3  - Macedonian Pharmaceutical Bulletin
T1  - Preformulation and development of preliminary nanoemulsion carrier for patent protected compound GL-II-73
VL  - 69
IS  - Suppl 1
SP  - 53
EP  - 54
DO  - 10.33320/maced.pharm.bull.2023.69.03.026
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Đoković, Jelena and Marković, Bojan and Sharmin, Dishary and Cook, James M. and Savić, Miroslav and Savić, Snežana",
year = "2023",
abstract = "Nanopharmaceuticals offer a good option to avoid
some of the difficulties that novel drug candidates
confront. They can be tailored to adjust their water
solubility, half-life, biodistribution, and govern the release
of the integrated medication. Because of the excipients
utilized, lipid nanocarriers (liposomes, nanoemulsions
(NEs), nanoparticles) have been used to increase brain
targeting (Bisso et al., 2020; Ilić et al., 2023).
The investigated compound (GL-II-73) - (4R)-8-
ethynyl-6-(2-fluorophenyl)-N,N,4-trimethyl-4H-
benzo[f]imidazo[1,5-a] [1,4]diazepine-3-carboxamide is
imidazobenzodiazepine (IBZD) ligand that acts as positive
allosteric modulator on α-GABAA receptors and was
shown to possess combined antidepressant and pro-
cognitive effects, making it a promising candidate for
further research (Prevot et al., 2019).
This work aims to investigate the physicochemical
features of GL-II-73 to pick the best parenteral
nanodelivery system for prospective research to assess its
parameters.",
publisher = "Macedonian Pharmaceutical Association, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Faculty of Pharmacy",
journal = "Macedonian Pharmaceutical Bulletin",
title = "Preformulation and development of preliminary nanoemulsion carrier for patent protected compound GL-II-73",
volume = "69",
number = "Suppl 1",
pages = "53-54",
doi = "10.33320/maced.pharm.bull.2023.69.03.026"
}

Đoković, J., Marković, B., Sharmin, D., Cook, J. M., Savić, M.,& Savić, S.. (2023). Preformulation and development of preliminary nanoemulsion carrier for patent protected compound GL-II-73. in Macedonian Pharmaceutical Bulletin
Macedonian Pharmaceutical Association., 69(Suppl 1), 53-54.
https://doi.org/10.33320/maced.pharm.bull.2023.69.03.026

Đoković J, Marković B, Sharmin D, Cook JM, Savić M, Savić S. Preformulation and development of preliminary nanoemulsion carrier for patent protected compound GL-II-73. in Macedonian Pharmaceutical Bulletin. 2023;69(Suppl 1):53-54.
doi:10.33320/maced.pharm.bull.2023.69.03.026 .

Đoković, Jelena, Marković, Bojan, Sharmin, Dishary, Cook, James M., Savić, Miroslav, Savić, Snežana, "Preformulation and development of preliminary nanoemulsion carrier for patent protected compound GL-II-73" in Macedonian Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 69, no. Suppl 1 (2023):53-54,
https://doi.org/10.33320/maced.pharm.bull.2023.69.03.026 . .

TY  - CONF
AU  - Đoković, Jelena
AU  - Marković, Bojan
AU  - Sharmin, Dishary
AU  - Cook, James M.
AU  - Savić, Miroslav
AU  - Savić, Snežana
PY  - 2023
UR  - https://farfar.pharmacy.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/4999
AB  - Searching for the best way to incorporate the proprietary compound GL-II -73 into the nanoemulsion carrier for prospective parenteral application
Jelena Đoković1, Bojan Marković2, Dishary Sharmin3, James M Cook3, Miroslav Savić4, Snežana Savić1
1University of pharmacy - Faculty of pharmacy, Department of pharmaceutical technology and cosmetology, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
2University of pharmacy - Faculty of pharmacy, Department of pharmaceutical chemistry, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
3Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, 53201, USA
4University of pharmacy - Faculty of pharmacy, Department of pharmacology, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
The maximum amount of drug that can be incorporated into lipid nanoemulsions (NE) is usually judged by their solubility in the internal phase of the formulation. This can lead to various problems, such as precipitation of the drug after processing the formulation or, depending on the preparation technique used, the use of a large amount of the drug. To this end, it is useful to consider other drug loading methods, especially in the early stages of formulation development. In this study, we aimed to find the best way to achieve the highest loading of GL-II -73 in NEs for future parenteral applications for in vivo animal studies. This ligand acts as a positive allosteric modulator at α-GABAA receptors with combined antidepressant and cognition enhancing effects. NEs were prepared using the high pressure homogenization technique, a standard technique for parenteral NE preparation. The oil phase (medium-chain triglycerides, soy lecithin, and butylated hydroxytoluene) and the aqueous phase (glycerol, polysorbate 80, and 0.01 M phosphate buffer, pH 8) were separately heated to 50 ˚C and mixed until all components were dissolved. The aqueous phase was added to the oil phase and processed first on a rotor-stator homogenizer at 11000 rpm for 1 minute and then on a high-pressure homogenizer at 800 bar for 10 cycles. This resulted in a droplet size of 117.1 ± 1.5 nm, a PDI of 0.060 ± 0.008, a zeta potential of - 43.3 ± 1.3 mV, a pH of 7.89 ± 0.02, and a conductivity of 1061.67 ± 5.51 S/cm, indicating initial suitability for parenteral use. Using the empirical method for drug loading, we were able to dissolve GL-II -73 in the oil phase and achieve a drug concentration of 1.5 mg/ml in NE. For our experimental setup, this required the use of 120 mg of GL-II -73 per experiment. For the passive drug loading procedure, we incubated 1 ml of the placebo NE in the eppendorf tube (in duplicate) with the excess drug (approximately 10 mg per tube) for 72 h. The drug was then added to the eppendorf tube. The excess of the undissolved drug was removed after centrifugation. The drug content in the supernatant was 3.10 ± 0.25 mg/ml, indicating above-average loading of the drug and possibly suggesting localization of the drug in the droplet-stabilising layer, but this needs to be further demonstrated. This approach could contribute to more rational formulation development in the selection of formulation factors.
Acknowledgments
This research was funded by the Science Fund of the Republic of Serbia, GRANT No 7749108, Neuroimmune aspects of mood, anxiety and cognitive effects of leads/drug candidates acting at GABAA and/or sigma-2 receptors: In vitro/in vivo delineation by nano- and hiPSC-based platform - NanoCellEmоCog.
PB  - International Association of Physical Chemists
C3  - 10th IAPC Meeting Tenth World Conference on Physico-Chemical Methods in Drug Discovery & Sixth World Conference on ADMET and DMPK Belgrade, Serbia, September 4-6
T1  - Searching for the best way to incorporate the proprietary compound GL-II -73 into the nanoemulsion carrier for prospective parenteral application
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_farfar_4999
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Đoković, Jelena and Marković, Bojan and Sharmin, Dishary and Cook, James M. and Savić, Miroslav and Savić, Snežana",
year = "2023",
abstract = "Searching for the best way to incorporate the proprietary compound GL-II -73 into the nanoemulsion carrier for prospective parenteral application
Jelena Đoković1, Bojan Marković2, Dishary Sharmin3, James M Cook3, Miroslav Savić4, Snežana Savić1
1University of pharmacy - Faculty of pharmacy, Department of pharmaceutical technology and cosmetology, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
2University of pharmacy - Faculty of pharmacy, Department of pharmaceutical chemistry, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
3Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, 53201, USA
4University of pharmacy - Faculty of pharmacy, Department of pharmacology, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
The maximum amount of drug that can be incorporated into lipid nanoemulsions (NE) is usually judged by their solubility in the internal phase of the formulation. This can lead to various problems, such as precipitation of the drug after processing the formulation or, depending on the preparation technique used, the use of a large amount of the drug. To this end, it is useful to consider other drug loading methods, especially in the early stages of formulation development. In this study, we aimed to find the best way to achieve the highest loading of GL-II -73 in NEs for future parenteral applications for in vivo animal studies. This ligand acts as a positive allosteric modulator at α-GABAA receptors with combined antidepressant and cognition enhancing effects. NEs were prepared using the high pressure homogenization technique, a standard technique for parenteral NE preparation. The oil phase (medium-chain triglycerides, soy lecithin, and butylated hydroxytoluene) and the aqueous phase (glycerol, polysorbate 80, and 0.01 M phosphate buffer, pH 8) were separately heated to 50 ˚C and mixed until all components were dissolved. The aqueous phase was added to the oil phase and processed first on a rotor-stator homogenizer at 11000 rpm for 1 minute and then on a high-pressure homogenizer at 800 bar for 10 cycles. This resulted in a droplet size of 117.1 ± 1.5 nm, a PDI of 0.060 ± 0.008, a zeta potential of - 43.3 ± 1.3 mV, a pH of 7.89 ± 0.02, and a conductivity of 1061.67 ± 5.51 S/cm, indicating initial suitability for parenteral use. Using the empirical method for drug loading, we were able to dissolve GL-II -73 in the oil phase and achieve a drug concentration of 1.5 mg/ml in NE. For our experimental setup, this required the use of 120 mg of GL-II -73 per experiment. For the passive drug loading procedure, we incubated 1 ml of the placebo NE in the eppendorf tube (in duplicate) with the excess drug (approximately 10 mg per tube) for 72 h. The drug was then added to the eppendorf tube. The excess of the undissolved drug was removed after centrifugation. The drug content in the supernatant was 3.10 ± 0.25 mg/ml, indicating above-average loading of the drug and possibly suggesting localization of the drug in the droplet-stabilising layer, but this needs to be further demonstrated. This approach could contribute to more rational formulation development in the selection of formulation factors.
Acknowledgments
This research was funded by the Science Fund of the Republic of Serbia, GRANT No 7749108, Neuroimmune aspects of mood, anxiety and cognitive effects of leads/drug candidates acting at GABAA and/or sigma-2 receptors: In vitro/in vivo delineation by nano- and hiPSC-based platform - NanoCellEmоCog.",
publisher = "International Association of Physical Chemists",
journal = "10th IAPC Meeting Tenth World Conference on Physico-Chemical Methods in Drug Discovery & Sixth World Conference on ADMET and DMPK Belgrade, Serbia, September 4-6",
title = "Searching for the best way to incorporate the proprietary compound GL-II -73 into the nanoemulsion carrier for prospective parenteral application",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_farfar_4999"
}

Đoković, J., Marković, B., Sharmin, D., Cook, J. M., Savić, M.,& Savić, S.. (2023). Searching for the best way to incorporate the proprietary compound GL-II -73 into the nanoemulsion carrier for prospective parenteral application. in 10th IAPC Meeting Tenth World Conference on Physico-Chemical Methods in Drug Discovery & Sixth World Conference on ADMET and DMPK Belgrade, Serbia, September 4-6
International Association of Physical Chemists..
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_farfar_4999

Đoković J, Marković B, Sharmin D, Cook JM, Savić M, Savić S. Searching for the best way to incorporate the proprietary compound GL-II -73 into the nanoemulsion carrier for prospective parenteral application. in 10th IAPC Meeting Tenth World Conference on Physico-Chemical Methods in Drug Discovery & Sixth World Conference on ADMET and DMPK Belgrade, Serbia, September 4-6. 2023;.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_farfar_4999 .

Đoković, Jelena, Marković, Bojan, Sharmin, Dishary, Cook, James M., Savić, Miroslav, Savić, Snežana, "Searching for the best way to incorporate the proprietary compound GL-II -73 into the nanoemulsion carrier for prospective parenteral application" in 10th IAPC Meeting Tenth World Conference on Physico-Chemical Methods in Drug Discovery & Sixth World Conference on ADMET and DMPK Belgrade, Serbia, September 4-6 (2023),
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_farfar_4999 .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ping, Xingjie
AU  - Meyer, Michelle J.
AU  - Zahn, Nicolas M.
AU  - Golani, Lalit K.
AU  - Sharmin, Dishary
AU  - Pandey, Kamal P.
AU  - Revanian, Sepideh
AU  - Mondal, Prithu
AU  - Jin, Xiaoming
AU  - Arnold, Leggy A.
AU  - Cerne, Rok
AU  - Cook, James M.
AU  - Divović, Branka
AU  - Savić, Miroslav
AU  - Lippa, Arnold
AU  - Smith, Jodi L.
AU  - Witkin, Jeffrey M.
PY  - 2023
UR  - https://farfar.pharmacy.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/4427
AB  - A series of imidazodiazepines has been developed that possess reduced sedative liabilities but retain efficacy in anticonvulsant screening models. The latest of these compounds, (5-(8-ethynyl-6-(pyridin-2-yl)-4H-benzo[f]imidazole[1,5-α][1,4]diazepin-3-yl) oxazole known as KRM-II-81) is currently awaiting advancement into the clinic. A deuterated structural analog (D5-KRM-II-81) was made as a potential backup compound and studied here in comparison to KRM-II-81. In the present study, both compounds significantly prevented seizures in mice induced by 6 Hz (44 mA) electrical stimulation without significantly altering motoric function on a rotarod after intraperitoneal administration. Both compounds also significantly prevented clonic seizures, tonic seizures, and lethality induced by pentylenetetrazol in mice when given orally. D5-KRM-II-81 had a slightly longer duration of action against clonic and tonic seizures than KRM-II-81. Oral administration of 100 mg/kg of either KRM-II-81 or D5-KRM-II-81 was significantly less disruptive of sensorimotor function in mice than diazepam (5 mg/kg, p.o.). The present report documents that D5-KRM-II-81 represents another in this series of imidazodiazepines with anticonvulsant activity at doses that do not impair sensorimotor function.
PB  - John Wiley and Sons Inc
T2  - Drug Development Research
T1  - Comparative anticonvulsant activity of the GABAkine KRM-II-81 and a deuterated analog
VL  - 84
IS  - 3
DO  - 10.1002/ddr.22042
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Ping, Xingjie and Meyer, Michelle J. and Zahn, Nicolas M. and Golani, Lalit K. and Sharmin, Dishary and Pandey, Kamal P. and Revanian, Sepideh and Mondal, Prithu and Jin, Xiaoming and Arnold, Leggy A. and Cerne, Rok and Cook, James M. and Divović, Branka and Savić, Miroslav and Lippa, Arnold and Smith, Jodi L. and Witkin, Jeffrey M.",
year = "2023",
abstract = "A series of imidazodiazepines has been developed that possess reduced sedative liabilities but retain efficacy in anticonvulsant screening models. The latest of these compounds, (5-(8-ethynyl-6-(pyridin-2-yl)-4H-benzo[f]imidazole[1,5-α][1,4]diazepin-3-yl) oxazole known as KRM-II-81) is currently awaiting advancement into the clinic. A deuterated structural analog (D5-KRM-II-81) was made as a potential backup compound and studied here in comparison to KRM-II-81. In the present study, both compounds significantly prevented seizures in mice induced by 6 Hz (44 mA) electrical stimulation without significantly altering motoric function on a rotarod after intraperitoneal administration. Both compounds also significantly prevented clonic seizures, tonic seizures, and lethality induced by pentylenetetrazol in mice when given orally. D5-KRM-II-81 had a slightly longer duration of action against clonic and tonic seizures than KRM-II-81. Oral administration of 100 mg/kg of either KRM-II-81 or D5-KRM-II-81 was significantly less disruptive of sensorimotor function in mice than diazepam (5 mg/kg, p.o.). The present report documents that D5-KRM-II-81 represents another in this series of imidazodiazepines with anticonvulsant activity at doses that do not impair sensorimotor function.",
publisher = "John Wiley and Sons Inc",
journal = "Drug Development Research",
title = "Comparative anticonvulsant activity of the GABAkine KRM-II-81 and a deuterated analog",
volume = "84",
number = "3",
doi = "10.1002/ddr.22042"
}

Ping, X., Meyer, M. J., Zahn, N. M., Golani, L. K., Sharmin, D., Pandey, K. P., Revanian, S., Mondal, P., Jin, X., Arnold, L. A., Cerne, R., Cook, J. M., Divović, B., Savić, M., Lippa, A., Smith, J. L.,& Witkin, J. M.. (2023). Comparative anticonvulsant activity of the GABAkine KRM-II-81 and a deuterated analog. in Drug Development Research
John Wiley and Sons Inc., 84(3).
https://doi.org/10.1002/ddr.22042

Ping X, Meyer MJ, Zahn NM, Golani LK, Sharmin D, Pandey KP, Revanian S, Mondal P, Jin X, Arnold LA, Cerne R, Cook JM, Divović B, Savić M, Lippa A, Smith JL, Witkin JM. Comparative anticonvulsant activity of the GABAkine KRM-II-81 and a deuterated analog. in Drug Development Research. 2023;84(3).
doi:10.1002/ddr.22042 .

Ping, Xingjie, Meyer, Michelle J., Zahn, Nicolas M., Golani, Lalit K., Sharmin, Dishary, Pandey, Kamal P., Revanian, Sepideh, Mondal, Prithu, Jin, Xiaoming, Arnold, Leggy A., Cerne, Rok, Cook, James M., Divović, Branka, Savić, Miroslav, Lippa, Arnold, Smith, Jodi L., Witkin, Jeffrey M., "Comparative anticonvulsant activity of the GABAkine KRM-II-81 and a deuterated analog" in Drug Development Research, 84, no. 3 (2023),
https://doi.org/10.1002/ddr.22042 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bernardo, Ashley
AU  - Lee, Philip
AU  - Marcotte, Michael
AU  - Mian, Md Yeunus
AU  - Rezvanian, Sepideh
AU  - Sharmin, Dishary
AU  - Kovačević, Aleksandra
AU  - Savić, Miroslav
AU  - Cook, James M.
AU  - Sibille, Etienne
AU  - Prevot, Thomas D.
PY  - 2022
UR  - https://farfar.pharmacy.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/5540
AB  - Chronic stress is a risk factor for Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), and in rodents, it recapitulates human behavioral, cellular and molecular changes. In MDD and after chronic stress, neuronal dysfunctions and deficits in GABAergic signaling are observed and responsible for symptom severity. GABA signals predominantly through GABAA receptors (GABAA-R) composed of various subunit types that relate to downstream outcomes. Activity at α2-GABAA-Rs contributes to anxiolytic properties, α5-GABAA-Rs to cognitive functions, and α1-GABAA-Rs to sedation. Therefore, a therapy aiming at increasing α2- and α5-GABAA-Rs activity, but devoid of α1-GABAA-R activity, has potential to address several symptomologies of depression while avoiding side-effects. This study investigated the activity profiles and behavioral efficacy of two enantiomers of each other (GL-II-73 and GL-I-54), separately and as a racemic mixture (GL-RM), and potential disease-modifying effects on neuronal morphology. Results confirm GL-I-54 and GL-II-73 exert positive allosteric modulation at the α2-, α3-, α5-GABAA-Rs and α5-containing GABAA-Rs, respectively, and separately reduces immobility in the forced swim test and improves stress-induced spatial working memory deficits. Using unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS), we show that acute and chronic administration of GL-RM provide pro-cognitive effects, with mild efficacy on mood symptoms, although at lower doses avoiding sedation. Morphology studies showed reversal of spine density loss caused by UCMS after chronic GL-RM treatment at apical and basal dendrites of the PFC and CA1. Together, these results support using a racemic mixture with combined α2-, α3-, α5-GABAA-R profile to reverse chronic stress-induced mood symptoms, cognitive deficits, and with anti-stress neurotrophic effects.
PB  - Springer Nature
T2  - Neuropsychopharmacology
T1  - Symptomatic and neurotrophic effects of GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulation in a mouse model of chronic stress
VL  - 47
IS  - 9
SP  - 1608
EP  - 1619
DO  - 10.1038/s41386-022-01360-y
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Bernardo, Ashley and Lee, Philip and Marcotte, Michael and Mian, Md Yeunus and Rezvanian, Sepideh and Sharmin, Dishary and Kovačević, Aleksandra and Savić, Miroslav and Cook, James M. and Sibille, Etienne and Prevot, Thomas D.",
year = "2022",
abstract = "Chronic stress is a risk factor for Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), and in rodents, it recapitulates human behavioral, cellular and molecular changes. In MDD and after chronic stress, neuronal dysfunctions and deficits in GABAergic signaling are observed and responsible for symptom severity. GABA signals predominantly through GABAA receptors (GABAA-R) composed of various subunit types that relate to downstream outcomes. Activity at α2-GABAA-Rs contributes to anxiolytic properties, α5-GABAA-Rs to cognitive functions, and α1-GABAA-Rs to sedation. Therefore, a therapy aiming at increasing α2- and α5-GABAA-Rs activity, but devoid of α1-GABAA-R activity, has potential to address several symptomologies of depression while avoiding side-effects. This study investigated the activity profiles and behavioral efficacy of two enantiomers of each other (GL-II-73 and GL-I-54), separately and as a racemic mixture (GL-RM), and potential disease-modifying effects on neuronal morphology. Results confirm GL-I-54 and GL-II-73 exert positive allosteric modulation at the α2-, α3-, α5-GABAA-Rs and α5-containing GABAA-Rs, respectively, and separately reduces immobility in the forced swim test and improves stress-induced spatial working memory deficits. Using unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS), we show that acute and chronic administration of GL-RM provide pro-cognitive effects, with mild efficacy on mood symptoms, although at lower doses avoiding sedation. Morphology studies showed reversal of spine density loss caused by UCMS after chronic GL-RM treatment at apical and basal dendrites of the PFC and CA1. Together, these results support using a racemic mixture with combined α2-, α3-, α5-GABAA-R profile to reverse chronic stress-induced mood symptoms, cognitive deficits, and with anti-stress neurotrophic effects.",
publisher = "Springer Nature",
journal = "Neuropsychopharmacology",
title = "Symptomatic and neurotrophic effects of GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulation in a mouse model of chronic stress",
volume = "47",
number = "9",
pages = "1608-1619",
doi = "10.1038/s41386-022-01360-y"
}

Bernardo, A., Lee, P., Marcotte, M., Mian, M. Y., Rezvanian, S., Sharmin, D., Kovačević, A., Savić, M., Cook, J. M., Sibille, E.,& Prevot, T. D.. (2022). Symptomatic and neurotrophic effects of GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulation in a mouse model of chronic stress. in Neuropsychopharmacology
Springer Nature., 47(9), 1608-1619.
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41386-022-01360-y

Bernardo A, Lee P, Marcotte M, Mian MY, Rezvanian S, Sharmin D, Kovačević A, Savić M, Cook JM, Sibille E, Prevot TD. Symptomatic and neurotrophic effects of GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulation in a mouse model of chronic stress. in Neuropsychopharmacology. 2022;47(9):1608-1619.
doi:10.1038/s41386-022-01360-y .

Bernardo, Ashley, Lee, Philip, Marcotte, Michael, Mian, Md Yeunus, Rezvanian, Sepideh, Sharmin, Dishary, Kovačević, Aleksandra, Savić, Miroslav, Cook, James M., Sibille, Etienne, Prevot, Thomas D., "Symptomatic and neurotrophic effects of GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulation in a mouse model of chronic stress" in Neuropsychopharmacology, 47, no. 9 (2022):1608-1619,
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41386-022-01360-y . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mian, Md Yeunus
AU  - Divović, Branka
AU  - Sharmin, Dishary
AU  - Pandey, Kamal P.
AU  - Golani, Lalit K.
AU  - Tiruveedhula, V. V. N. Phani Babu
AU  - Cerne, Rok
AU  - Smith, Jodi L.
AU  - Ping, Xingjie
AU  - Jin, Xiaoming
AU  - Imler, Gregory H.
AU  - Deschamps, Jeffrey R.
AU  - Lippa, Arnold
AU  - Cook, James M.
AU  - Savić, Miroslav
AU  - Rowlett, James
AU  - Witkin, Jeffrey M.
PY  - 2022
UR  - https://farfar.pharmacy.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/4363
AB  - Imidazodiazepine (5-(8-ethynyl-6-(pyridin-2-yl)-4H-benzo[f]imidazole[1,5-α][1,4]diazepin-3-yl) oxazole or KRM-II-81) is a potentiator of GABAA receptors (a GABAkine) undergoing preparation for clinical development. KRM-II-81 is active against many seizure and pain models in rodents, where it exhibits improved pharmacological properties over standard-of-care agents. Since salts can be utilized to create opportunities for increased solubility, enhanced absorption, and distribution, as well as for efficient methods of bulk synthesis, a hydrochloride salt of KRM-II-81 was prepared. KRM-II-81·HCl was produced from the free base with anhydrous hydrochloric acid. The formation of the monohydrochloride salt was confirmed by X-ray crystallography, as well as 1H NMR and 13C NMR analyses. High water solubility and a lower partition coefficient (octanol/water) were exhibited by KRM-II-81·HCl as compared to the free base. Oral administration of either KRM-II-81·HCl or the free base resulted in high concentrations in the brain and plasma of rats. Oral dosing in mice significantly increased the latency to both clonic and tonic convulsions and decreased pentylenetetrazol-induced lethality. The increased water solubility of the HCl salt enables intravenous dosing and the potential for higher concentration formulations compared with the free base without impacting anticonvulsant potency. Thus, KRM-II-81·HCl adds an important new compound to facilitate the development of these imidazodiazepines for clinical evaluation.
PB  - ACS Publications
T2  - ACS Omega
T1  - Hydrochloride Salt of the GABAkine KRM-II-81
VL  - 7
IS  - 31
SP  - 27550
EP  - 27559
DO  - 10.1021/acsomega.2c03029
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Mian, Md Yeunus and Divović, Branka and Sharmin, Dishary and Pandey, Kamal P. and Golani, Lalit K. and Tiruveedhula, V. V. N. Phani Babu and Cerne, Rok and Smith, Jodi L. and Ping, Xingjie and Jin, Xiaoming and Imler, Gregory H. and Deschamps, Jeffrey R. and Lippa, Arnold and Cook, James M. and Savić, Miroslav and Rowlett, James and Witkin, Jeffrey M.",
year = "2022",
abstract = "Imidazodiazepine (5-(8-ethynyl-6-(pyridin-2-yl)-4H-benzo[f]imidazole[1,5-α][1,4]diazepin-3-yl) oxazole or KRM-II-81) is a potentiator of GABAA receptors (a GABAkine) undergoing preparation for clinical development. KRM-II-81 is active against many seizure and pain models in rodents, where it exhibits improved pharmacological properties over standard-of-care agents. Since salts can be utilized to create opportunities for increased solubility, enhanced absorption, and distribution, as well as for efficient methods of bulk synthesis, a hydrochloride salt of KRM-II-81 was prepared. KRM-II-81·HCl was produced from the free base with anhydrous hydrochloric acid. The formation of the monohydrochloride salt was confirmed by X-ray crystallography, as well as 1H NMR and 13C NMR analyses. High water solubility and a lower partition coefficient (octanol/water) were exhibited by KRM-II-81·HCl as compared to the free base. Oral administration of either KRM-II-81·HCl or the free base resulted in high concentrations in the brain and plasma of rats. Oral dosing in mice significantly increased the latency to both clonic and tonic convulsions and decreased pentylenetetrazol-induced lethality. The increased water solubility of the HCl salt enables intravenous dosing and the potential for higher concentration formulations compared with the free base without impacting anticonvulsant potency. Thus, KRM-II-81·HCl adds an important new compound to facilitate the development of these imidazodiazepines for clinical evaluation.",
publisher = "ACS Publications",
journal = "ACS Omega",
title = "Hydrochloride Salt of the GABAkine KRM-II-81",
volume = "7",
number = "31",
pages = "27550-27559",
doi = "10.1021/acsomega.2c03029"
}

Mian, M. Y., Divović, B., Sharmin, D., Pandey, K. P., Golani, L. K., Tiruveedhula, V. V. N. P. B., Cerne, R., Smith, J. L., Ping, X., Jin, X., Imler, G. H., Deschamps, J. R., Lippa, A., Cook, J. M., Savić, M., Rowlett, J.,& Witkin, J. M.. (2022). Hydrochloride Salt of the GABAkine KRM-II-81. in ACS Omega
ACS Publications., 7(31), 27550-27559.
https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.2c03029

Mian MY, Divović B, Sharmin D, Pandey KP, Golani LK, Tiruveedhula VVNPB, Cerne R, Smith JL, Ping X, Jin X, Imler GH, Deschamps JR, Lippa A, Cook JM, Savić M, Rowlett J, Witkin JM. Hydrochloride Salt of the GABAkine KRM-II-81. in ACS Omega. 2022;7(31):27550-27559.
doi:10.1021/acsomega.2c03029 .

Mian, Md Yeunus, Divović, Branka, Sharmin, Dishary, Pandey, Kamal P., Golani, Lalit K., Tiruveedhula, V. V. N. Phani Babu, Cerne, Rok, Smith, Jodi L., Ping, Xingjie, Jin, Xiaoming, Imler, Gregory H., Deschamps, Jeffrey R., Lippa, Arnold, Cook, James M., Savić, Miroslav, Rowlett, James, Witkin, Jeffrey M., "Hydrochloride Salt of the GABAkine KRM-II-81" in ACS Omega, 7, no. 31 (2022):27550-27559,
https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.2c03029 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Golani, Lalit
AU  - Divović, Branka
AU  - Sharmin, Dishary
AU  - Pandey, Kamal
AU  - Mian, Md Yeunus
AU  - Cerne, Rok
AU  - Zahn, Nicolas
AU  - Meyer, Michelle
AU  - Tiruveedhula, Veera
AU  - Smith, Jodi
AU  - Ping, Xingjie
AU  - Jin, Xiaoming
AU  - Lippa, Arnold
AU  - Schkeryantz, Jeffrey
AU  - Arnold, Leggy
AU  - Cook, James
AU  - Savić, Miroslav
AU  - Witkin, Jeffrey
PY  - 2022
UR  - https://farfar.pharmacy.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/4108
AB  - The imidazodiazepine, (5‐(8‐ethynyl‐6‐(pyridin‐2‐yl)‐4H‐benzo [f]imidazole[1,5‐α] [1,4]diazepin‐3‐yl) oxazole or KRM‐II‐81) is a new α2/3‐selective GABAkine (gamma aminobutyric acid A receptor potentiator) with anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, and antinociceptive activity in preclinical models. Reducing metabolism was utilized as a means of potentially extending the half‐life of KRM‐II‐81. In vitro and in vivo studies were conducted to evaluate metabolic liabilities. Incubation of KRM‐II‐81 in hepatocytes revealed sites of potential metabolism on the oxazole and the diazepine rings. These sites were targeted in the design of a deuterated analog (D5‐KRM‐II‐ 81) that could be evaluated as a potentially longer‐acting analog. In contrast to computer predictions, peak plasma concentrations of D5‐KRM‐II‐81 in rats were not significantly greater than those produced by KRM‐II‐81 after oral administra- tion. Furthermore, brain disposition of KRM‐II‐81 was higher than that of D5‐KRM‐ II‐81. The half‐life of the two compounds in either plasma or brain did not statis- tically differ from one another but the tmax for D5‐KRM‐II‐81 occurred slightly earlier than for KRM‐II‐81. Non‐metabolic considerations might be relevant to the lack of increases in exposure by D5‐KRM‐II‐81. Alternative sites of metabolism on KRM‐II‐81, not targeted by the current deuteration process, are also possible. Despite its lack of augmented exposure, D5‐KRM‐II‐81, like KRM‐II‐81, significantly prevented seizures induced by pentylenetetrazol when given orally. The present findings introduce a new orally active anticonvulsant GABAkine, D5‐KRM‐II‐81.
PB  - John Wiley and Sons Ltd
T2  - Biopharmaceutics and Drug Disposition
T1  - Metabolism, pharmacokinetics, and anticonvulsant activity of a deuterated analog of the α2/3-selective GABAkine KRM-II-81
VL  - 43
IS  - 2
SP  - 66
EP  - 75
DO  - 10.1002/bdd.2313
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Golani, Lalit and Divović, Branka and Sharmin, Dishary and Pandey, Kamal and Mian, Md Yeunus and Cerne, Rok and Zahn, Nicolas and Meyer, Michelle and Tiruveedhula, Veera and Smith, Jodi and Ping, Xingjie and Jin, Xiaoming and Lippa, Arnold and Schkeryantz, Jeffrey and Arnold, Leggy and Cook, James and Savić, Miroslav and Witkin, Jeffrey",
year = "2022",
abstract = "The imidazodiazepine, (5‐(8‐ethynyl‐6‐(pyridin‐2‐yl)‐4H‐benzo [f]imidazole[1,5‐α] [1,4]diazepin‐3‐yl) oxazole or KRM‐II‐81) is a new α2/3‐selective GABAkine (gamma aminobutyric acid A receptor potentiator) with anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, and antinociceptive activity in preclinical models. Reducing metabolism was utilized as a means of potentially extending the half‐life of KRM‐II‐81. In vitro and in vivo studies were conducted to evaluate metabolic liabilities. Incubation of KRM‐II‐81 in hepatocytes revealed sites of potential metabolism on the oxazole and the diazepine rings. These sites were targeted in the design of a deuterated analog (D5‐KRM‐II‐ 81) that could be evaluated as a potentially longer‐acting analog. In contrast to computer predictions, peak plasma concentrations of D5‐KRM‐II‐81 in rats were not significantly greater than those produced by KRM‐II‐81 after oral administra- tion. Furthermore, brain disposition of KRM‐II‐81 was higher than that of D5‐KRM‐ II‐81. The half‐life of the two compounds in either plasma or brain did not statis- tically differ from one another but the tmax for D5‐KRM‐II‐81 occurred slightly earlier than for KRM‐II‐81. Non‐metabolic considerations might be relevant to the lack of increases in exposure by D5‐KRM‐II‐81. Alternative sites of metabolism on KRM‐II‐81, not targeted by the current deuteration process, are also possible. Despite its lack of augmented exposure, D5‐KRM‐II‐81, like KRM‐II‐81, significantly prevented seizures induced by pentylenetetrazol when given orally. The present findings introduce a new orally active anticonvulsant GABAkine, D5‐KRM‐II‐81.",
publisher = "John Wiley and Sons Ltd",
journal = "Biopharmaceutics and Drug Disposition",
title = "Metabolism, pharmacokinetics, and anticonvulsant activity of a deuterated analog of the α2/3-selective GABAkine KRM-II-81",
volume = "43",
number = "2",
pages = "66-75",
doi = "10.1002/bdd.2313"
}

Golani, L., Divović, B., Sharmin, D., Pandey, K., Mian, M. Y., Cerne, R., Zahn, N., Meyer, M., Tiruveedhula, V., Smith, J., Ping, X., Jin, X., Lippa, A., Schkeryantz, J., Arnold, L., Cook, J., Savić, M.,& Witkin, J.. (2022). Metabolism, pharmacokinetics, and anticonvulsant activity of a deuterated analog of the α2/3-selective GABAkine KRM-II-81. in Biopharmaceutics and Drug Disposition
John Wiley and Sons Ltd., 43(2), 66-75.
https://doi.org/10.1002/bdd.2313

Golani L, Divović B, Sharmin D, Pandey K, Mian MY, Cerne R, Zahn N, Meyer M, Tiruveedhula V, Smith J, Ping X, Jin X, Lippa A, Schkeryantz J, Arnold L, Cook J, Savić M, Witkin J. Metabolism, pharmacokinetics, and anticonvulsant activity of a deuterated analog of the α2/3-selective GABAkine KRM-II-81. in Biopharmaceutics and Drug Disposition. 2022;43(2):66-75.
doi:10.1002/bdd.2313 .

Golani, Lalit, Divović, Branka, Sharmin, Dishary, Pandey, Kamal, Mian, Md Yeunus, Cerne, Rok, Zahn, Nicolas, Meyer, Michelle, Tiruveedhula, Veera, Smith, Jodi, Ping, Xingjie, Jin, Xiaoming, Lippa, Arnold, Schkeryantz, Jeffrey, Arnold, Leggy, Cook, James, Savić, Miroslav, Witkin, Jeffrey, "Metabolism, pharmacokinetics, and anticonvulsant activity of a deuterated analog of the α2/3-selective GABAkine KRM-II-81" in Biopharmaceutics and Drug Disposition, 43, no. 2 (2022):66-75,
https://doi.org/10.1002/bdd.2313 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Aranđelović, Jovana
AU  - Santrač, Anja
AU  - Batinić, Bojan
AU  - Todorović, Lidija
AU  - Stevanović, Vladimir
AU  - Tiruveedhula, Veera Venkata Naga Phani Babu
AU  - Sharmin, Dishary
AU  - Rashid, Farjana
AU  - Stanojević, Boban
AU  - Cook, James
AU  - Savić, Miroslav
PY  - 2022
UR  - https://farfar.pharmacy.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/4203
AB  - Aims: GABAergic modulation involved in cognitive processing appears to be substan- tially changed in Alzheimer's disease (AD). In a widely used 5xFAD model of AD, we aimed to assess if negative and positive allosteric modulators of α5 GABA A receptors (NAM and PAM, respectively) would affect social interaction, social, object and spatial memory, and neuroinflammation. Methods: After 10-day treatment with PAM, NAM, or solvent, 6-month-old trans- genic and non-transgenic 5xFAD mice underwent testing in a behavioral battery. Gene expressions of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, GFAP, and IBA-1 were determined in hippocampus and prefrontal cortex by qPCR. Results: PAM treatment impaired spatial learning in transgenic females compared to solvent-treated transgenic females, and social recognition in transgenic and non- transgenic males. NAM treatment declined social interaction in transgenic and non- transgenic males, while had beneficial effect on cognitive flexibility in non-transgenic males compared to solvent-treated non-transgenic males. Transgenic animals have not fully displayed cognitive symptoms, but neuroinflammation was confirmed. NAM reduced proinflammatory gene expressions in transgenic females and astrogliosis in transgenic males compared to pathological controls. Conclusion: PAM and NAM failed to exert favorable behavioral effects in transgenic animals. Suppression of neuroinflammation obtained with NAM calls for more studies with GABAergic ligands in amyloid beta- and/or tau-dependent models with promi- nent neuroinflammation.
PB  - John Wiley and Sons Inc
T2  - CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics
T1  - Effects of α5 GABAA receptor modulation on social interaction, memory, and neuroinflammation in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease
VL  - 28
IS  - 11
SP  - 1767
EP  - 1778
DO  - 10.1111/cns.13914
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Aranđelović, Jovana and Santrač, Anja and Batinić, Bojan and Todorović, Lidija and Stevanović, Vladimir and Tiruveedhula, Veera Venkata Naga Phani Babu and Sharmin, Dishary and Rashid, Farjana and Stanojević, Boban and Cook, James and Savić, Miroslav",
year = "2022",
abstract = "Aims: GABAergic modulation involved in cognitive processing appears to be substan- tially changed in Alzheimer's disease (AD). In a widely used 5xFAD model of AD, we aimed to assess if negative and positive allosteric modulators of α5 GABA A receptors (NAM and PAM, respectively) would affect social interaction, social, object and spatial memory, and neuroinflammation. Methods: After 10-day treatment with PAM, NAM, or solvent, 6-month-old trans- genic and non-transgenic 5xFAD mice underwent testing in a behavioral battery. Gene expressions of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, GFAP, and IBA-1 were determined in hippocampus and prefrontal cortex by qPCR. Results: PAM treatment impaired spatial learning in transgenic females compared to solvent-treated transgenic females, and social recognition in transgenic and non- transgenic males. NAM treatment declined social interaction in transgenic and non- transgenic males, while had beneficial effect on cognitive flexibility in non-transgenic males compared to solvent-treated non-transgenic males. Transgenic animals have not fully displayed cognitive symptoms, but neuroinflammation was confirmed. NAM reduced proinflammatory gene expressions in transgenic females and astrogliosis in transgenic males compared to pathological controls. Conclusion: PAM and NAM failed to exert favorable behavioral effects in transgenic animals. Suppression of neuroinflammation obtained with NAM calls for more studies with GABAergic ligands in amyloid beta- and/or tau-dependent models with promi- nent neuroinflammation.",
publisher = "John Wiley and Sons Inc",
journal = "CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics",
title = "Effects of α5 GABAA receptor modulation on social interaction, memory, and neuroinflammation in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease",
volume = "28",
number = "11",
pages = "1767-1778",
doi = "10.1111/cns.13914"
}

Aranđelović, J., Santrač, A., Batinić, B., Todorović, L., Stevanović, V., Tiruveedhula, V. V. N. P. B., Sharmin, D., Rashid, F., Stanojević, B., Cook, J.,& Savić, M.. (2022). Effects of α5 GABAA receptor modulation on social interaction, memory, and neuroinflammation in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. in CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics
John Wiley and Sons Inc., 28(11), 1767-1778.
https://doi.org/10.1111/cns.13914

Aranđelović J, Santrač A, Batinić B, Todorović L, Stevanović V, Tiruveedhula VVNPB, Sharmin D, Rashid F, Stanojević B, Cook J, Savić M. Effects of α5 GABAA receptor modulation on social interaction, memory, and neuroinflammation in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. in CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics. 2022;28(11):1767-1778.
doi:10.1111/cns.13914 .

Aranđelović, Jovana, Santrač, Anja, Batinić, Bojan, Todorović, Lidija, Stevanović, Vladimir, Tiruveedhula, Veera Venkata Naga Phani Babu, Sharmin, Dishary, Rashid, Farjana, Stanojević, Boban, Cook, James, Savić, Miroslav, "Effects of α5 GABAA receptor modulation on social interaction, memory, and neuroinflammation in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease" in CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics, 28, no. 11 (2022):1767-1778,
https://doi.org/10.1111/cns.13914 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Santrač, Anja
AU  - Bijelić, Dunja
AU  - Stevanović, Vladimir
AU  - Banićević, Marija
AU  - Aranđelović, Jovana
AU  - Batinić, Bojan
AU  - Sharmin, Dishary
AU  - Cook, James
AU  - Savić, Miroslav
PY  - 2022
UR  - https://farfar.pharmacy.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/4071
AB  - Autism spectrum disorder (ASD), as a common neurodevelopmental disorder that encompasses impairments in social communication and interaction, as well as repetitive and restrictive behavior, still awaits an effective treatment strategy. The involvement of GABAergic neurotransmission, and especially a deficit of GABA A receptors that contain the α5 subunits, were implicated in pathogenesis of ASD. Therefore, we tested MP-III-022, a positive allosteric modulator (PAM) selective for α5GABAA receptors, in Wistar rats prenatally exposed to valproic acid, as an animal model useful for studying ASD. Postweaning rats of both sexes were treated for 7 days with vehicle or MP-III-022 at two doses pharmacokinetically determined as selective, and thereafter tested in a behavioral battery (social interaction test, elevated plus maze, spontaneous locomotor activ- ity, and standard and reverse Morris water maze). Additional rats were used for establishing a primary neuronal culture and performing calcium imaging, and determination of hippocampal mRNA levels of GABRA5, NKCC1, and KCC2. MP-III-022 prevented impairments in many parameters connected with social, repetitive and restrictive behavioral domains. The lower and higher dose was more effective in males and females, respectively. Intriguingly, MP-III-022 elicited certain changes in control animals similar to those manifested in valproate ani- mals themselves. Behavioral results were mirrored in GABA switch and spontane- ous neuronal activity, assessed with calcium imaging, and also in expression changes of three genes analyzed. Our data support a role of α5GABAA receptors in pathophysiology of ASD, and suggest a potential application of selective PAMs in its treatment, that needs to be researched in a sex-specific manner.
PB  - John Wiley and Sons Inc
T2  - Autism Research
T1  - Postweaning positive modulation of α5GABAA receptors improves autism-like features in prenatal valproate rat model in a sex-specific manner
DO  - 10.1002/aur.2699
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Santrač, Anja and Bijelić, Dunja and Stevanović, Vladimir and Banićević, Marija and Aranđelović, Jovana and Batinić, Bojan and Sharmin, Dishary and Cook, James and Savić, Miroslav",
year = "2022",
abstract = "Autism spectrum disorder (ASD), as a common neurodevelopmental disorder that encompasses impairments in social communication and interaction, as well as repetitive and restrictive behavior, still awaits an effective treatment strategy. The involvement of GABAergic neurotransmission, and especially a deficit of GABA A receptors that contain the α5 subunits, were implicated in pathogenesis of ASD. Therefore, we tested MP-III-022, a positive allosteric modulator (PAM) selective for α5GABAA receptors, in Wistar rats prenatally exposed to valproic acid, as an animal model useful for studying ASD. Postweaning rats of both sexes were treated for 7 days with vehicle or MP-III-022 at two doses pharmacokinetically determined as selective, and thereafter tested in a behavioral battery (social interaction test, elevated plus maze, spontaneous locomotor activ- ity, and standard and reverse Morris water maze). Additional rats were used for establishing a primary neuronal culture and performing calcium imaging, and determination of hippocampal mRNA levels of GABRA5, NKCC1, and KCC2. MP-III-022 prevented impairments in many parameters connected with social, repetitive and restrictive behavioral domains. The lower and higher dose was more effective in males and females, respectively. Intriguingly, MP-III-022 elicited certain changes in control animals similar to those manifested in valproate ani- mals themselves. Behavioral results were mirrored in GABA switch and spontane- ous neuronal activity, assessed with calcium imaging, and also in expression changes of three genes analyzed. Our data support a role of α5GABAA receptors in pathophysiology of ASD, and suggest a potential application of selective PAMs in its treatment, that needs to be researched in a sex-specific manner.",
publisher = "John Wiley and Sons Inc",
journal = "Autism Research",
title = "Postweaning positive modulation of α5GABAA receptors improves autism-like features in prenatal valproate rat model in a sex-specific manner",
doi = "10.1002/aur.2699"
}

Santrač, A., Bijelić, D., Stevanović, V., Banićević, M., Aranđelović, J., Batinić, B., Sharmin, D., Cook, J.,& Savić, M.. (2022). Postweaning positive modulation of α5GABAA receptors improves autism-like features in prenatal valproate rat model in a sex-specific manner. in Autism Research
John Wiley and Sons Inc..
https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.2699

Santrač A, Bijelić D, Stevanović V, Banićević M, Aranđelović J, Batinić B, Sharmin D, Cook J, Savić M. Postweaning positive modulation of α5GABAA receptors improves autism-like features in prenatal valproate rat model in a sex-specific manner. in Autism Research. 2022;.
doi:10.1002/aur.2699 .

Santrač, Anja, Bijelić, Dunja, Stevanović, Vladimir, Banićević, Marija, Aranđelović, Jovana, Batinić, Bojan, Sharmin, Dishary, Cook, James, Savić, Miroslav, "Postweaning positive modulation of α5GABAA receptors improves autism-like features in prenatal valproate rat model in a sex-specific manner" in Autism Research (2022),
https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.2699 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Santrač, Anja
AU  - Batinić, Bojan
AU  - Timić-Stamenić, Tamara
AU  - Aranđelović, Jovana
AU  - Sharmin, Dishary
AU  - Knutson, Daniel E.
AU  - Cook, James
AU  - Savić, Miroslav
PY  - 2022
UR  - https://farfar.pharmacy.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/3968
AB  - Positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) of α5GABAA receptors (α5GABAARs) are emerging as potential therapeutics for a range of neuropsychiatric disorders. However, their role in memory processing of healthy animals is not sufficiently examined. We tested the effects of MP-III-022 (1 mg/kg, 2.5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg), a PAM known to be selective for α5GABAARs and devoid of prominent side-effects, in different behavioral paradigms (Morris water maze, novel object recognition test and social novelty discrimination) and on GABRA5 expression in Wistar rats, 30 min and 24 h after intraperitoneal treatment administration. The lowest dose tested worsened short-term object memory. The same dose, administered two times in a span of 24 h, improved spatial and impaired object and, at a trend level, social memory. The highest dose had a detrimental effect on all types of long-term memory (object memory at a trend level) and short-term spatial memory, but improved short-term object and social memory. Distinct sets of expression changes were detected in both prefrontal cortex and two regions of the hippocampus, but the latter ones could be assessed as more consequential. An increase of GABRA5 mRNA in CA2 occurred in parallel with improvement of object and social, but impairment of spatial memory, while the opposite happened with a trend level change in CA1. Our study demonstrates the variability of the roles of the α5GABAAR based on its level of expression and localization, in dependence on the type and protocol of cognitive tasks, as well as the respective timing of pharmacological modulation and testing.
PB  - Elsevier B.V.
T2  - Behavioural Brain Research
T1  - Positive modulation of α5GABAA receptors leads to dichotomous effects in rats on memory pattern and GABRA5 expression in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus
VL  - 416
DO  - 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113578
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Santrač, Anja and Batinić, Bojan and Timić-Stamenić, Tamara and Aranđelović, Jovana and Sharmin, Dishary and Knutson, Daniel E. and Cook, James and Savić, Miroslav",
year = "2022",
abstract = "Positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) of α5GABAA receptors (α5GABAARs) are emerging as potential therapeutics for a range of neuropsychiatric disorders. However, their role in memory processing of healthy animals is not sufficiently examined. We tested the effects of MP-III-022 (1 mg/kg, 2.5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg), a PAM known to be selective for α5GABAARs and devoid of prominent side-effects, in different behavioral paradigms (Morris water maze, novel object recognition test and social novelty discrimination) and on GABRA5 expression in Wistar rats, 30 min and 24 h after intraperitoneal treatment administration. The lowest dose tested worsened short-term object memory. The same dose, administered two times in a span of 24 h, improved spatial and impaired object and, at a trend level, social memory. The highest dose had a detrimental effect on all types of long-term memory (object memory at a trend level) and short-term spatial memory, but improved short-term object and social memory. Distinct sets of expression changes were detected in both prefrontal cortex and two regions of the hippocampus, but the latter ones could be assessed as more consequential. An increase of GABRA5 mRNA in CA2 occurred in parallel with improvement of object and social, but impairment of spatial memory, while the opposite happened with a trend level change in CA1. Our study demonstrates the variability of the roles of the α5GABAAR based on its level of expression and localization, in dependence on the type and protocol of cognitive tasks, as well as the respective timing of pharmacological modulation and testing.",
publisher = "Elsevier B.V.",
journal = "Behavioural Brain Research",
title = "Positive modulation of α5GABAA receptors leads to dichotomous effects in rats on memory pattern and GABRA5 expression in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus",
volume = "416",
doi = "10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113578"
}

Santrač, A., Batinić, B., Timić-Stamenić, T., Aranđelović, J., Sharmin, D., Knutson, D. E., Cook, J.,& Savić, M.. (2022). Positive modulation of α5GABAA receptors leads to dichotomous effects in rats on memory pattern and GABRA5 expression in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. in Behavioural Brain Research
Elsevier B.V.., 416.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113578

Santrač A, Batinić B, Timić-Stamenić T, Aranđelović J, Sharmin D, Knutson DE, Cook J, Savić M. Positive modulation of α5GABAA receptors leads to dichotomous effects in rats on memory pattern and GABRA5 expression in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. in Behavioural Brain Research. 2022;416.
doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113578 .

Santrač, Anja, Batinić, Bojan, Timić-Stamenić, Tamara, Aranđelović, Jovana, Sharmin, Dishary, Knutson, Daniel E., Cook, James, Savić, Miroslav, "Positive modulation of α5GABAA receptors leads to dichotomous effects in rats on memory pattern and GABRA5 expression in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus" in Behavioural Brain Research, 416 (2022),
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113578 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gajić Bojić, Milica
AU  - Todorović, Lidija
AU  - Santrač, Anja
AU  - Mian, Md Yeunus
AU  - Sharmin, Dishary
AU  - Cook, James M.
AU  - Savić, Miroslav
PY  - 2021
UR  - https://farfar.pharmacy.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/3812
AB  - Different subtypes of GABAA (gamma-aminobutyric acid A) receptors, through their specific regional and cellular localization, are involved in the manifestation of various functions, both at the central and peripheral levels. We hypothesized that various non-neuronal GABAA receptors are expressed on blood vessels, through which positive allosteric modulators of GABAA receptors exhibit vasodilatory effects.  This study involved two parts: one to determine the presence of α1-6 subunit GABAA receptor mRNAs in the rat thoracic aorta, and the other to determine the vasoactivity of the various selective and non-selective positive GABAA receptor modulators: zolpidem (α1-selective), XHe–III–074 (α4-selective), MP–III–022 (α5-selective), DK-I-56-1 (α6-selective), SH-I-048A and diazepam (non-selective).  Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis data demonstrated for the first time the expression of α1, α2, α3, α4 and α5 subunits in the rat thoracic aorta tissue. Tissue bath assays on isolated rat aortic rings revealed significant vasodilatory effects of diazepam, SH-I-048A, XHe–III–074, MP–III–022 and DK-I-56-1, all in terms of achieved relaxations (over 50% of relative tension decrease), as well as in terms of preventive effects on phenylephrine (PE) contraction. Diazepam was the most efficient ligand in the present study, while zolpidem showed the weakest vascular effects. In addition, diazepam-induced relaxations in the presence of antagonists PK11195 or bicuculline were significantly reduced (P < 0.001 and P < 0.05, respectively) at lower concentrations of diazepam (10−7 M and 3 × 10−7 M).  The present work suggests that the observed vasoactivity is due to modulation of “vascular” GABAA receptors, which after further detailed research may provide a therapeutic target.
PB  - Elsevier B.V.
T2  - European Journal of Pharmacology
T1  - Vasodilatory effects of a variety of positive allosteric modulators of GABAA receptors on rat thoracic aorta
VL  - 899
DO  - 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174023
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Gajić Bojić, Milica and Todorović, Lidija and Santrač, Anja and Mian, Md Yeunus and Sharmin, Dishary and Cook, James M. and Savić, Miroslav",
year = "2021",
abstract = "Different subtypes of GABAA (gamma-aminobutyric acid A) receptors, through their specific regional and cellular localization, are involved in the manifestation of various functions, both at the central and peripheral levels. We hypothesized that various non-neuronal GABAA receptors are expressed on blood vessels, through which positive allosteric modulators of GABAA receptors exhibit vasodilatory effects.  This study involved two parts: one to determine the presence of α1-6 subunit GABAA receptor mRNAs in the rat thoracic aorta, and the other to determine the vasoactivity of the various selective and non-selective positive GABAA receptor modulators: zolpidem (α1-selective), XHe–III–074 (α4-selective), MP–III–022 (α5-selective), DK-I-56-1 (α6-selective), SH-I-048A and diazepam (non-selective).  Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis data demonstrated for the first time the expression of α1, α2, α3, α4 and α5 subunits in the rat thoracic aorta tissue. Tissue bath assays on isolated rat aortic rings revealed significant vasodilatory effects of diazepam, SH-I-048A, XHe–III–074, MP–III–022 and DK-I-56-1, all in terms of achieved relaxations (over 50% of relative tension decrease), as well as in terms of preventive effects on phenylephrine (PE) contraction. Diazepam was the most efficient ligand in the present study, while zolpidem showed the weakest vascular effects. In addition, diazepam-induced relaxations in the presence of antagonists PK11195 or bicuculline were significantly reduced (P < 0.001 and P < 0.05, respectively) at lower concentrations of diazepam (10−7 M and 3 × 10−7 M).  The present work suggests that the observed vasoactivity is due to modulation of “vascular” GABAA receptors, which after further detailed research may provide a therapeutic target.",
publisher = "Elsevier B.V.",
journal = "European Journal of Pharmacology",
title = "Vasodilatory effects of a variety of positive allosteric modulators of GABAA receptors on rat thoracic aorta",
volume = "899",
doi = "10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174023"
}

Gajić Bojić, M., Todorović, L., Santrač, A., Mian, M. Y., Sharmin, D., Cook, J. M.,& Savić, M.. (2021). Vasodilatory effects of a variety of positive allosteric modulators of GABAA receptors on rat thoracic aorta. in European Journal of Pharmacology
Elsevier B.V.., 899.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174023

Gajić Bojić M, Todorović L, Santrač A, Mian MY, Sharmin D, Cook JM, Savić M. Vasodilatory effects of a variety of positive allosteric modulators of GABAA receptors on rat thoracic aorta. in European Journal of Pharmacology. 2021;899.
doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174023 .

Gajić Bojić, Milica, Todorović, Lidija, Santrač, Anja, Mian, Md Yeunus, Sharmin, Dishary, Cook, James M., Savić, Miroslav, "Vasodilatory effects of a variety of positive allosteric modulators of GABAA receptors on rat thoracic aorta" in European Journal of Pharmacology, 899 (2021),
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174023 . .