TY  - CONF
AU  - Stojanović, Jevrem
AU  - Zalewski, Przemysław
AU  - Otašević, Biljana
AU  - Zečević, Mira
AU  - Malenović, Anđelija
AU  - Janošević-Ležaić, Aleksandra
AU  - Ranđelović, Dragana
AU  - Protić, Ana
PY  - 2023
UR  - https://farfar.pharmacy.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/5479
AB  - In the last two decades, there has been a growing awareness of the presence of pharmaceuticals in the aquatic 
environment. Antibiotics are particularly alarming because their occurrence may result in increased antibiotic 
resistance. Difficulties in sample preparation and removal of low concentrations of pharmaceuticals from 
environmental water could be overcome by their adsorption onto novel, non-polluting, and inexpensive 
materials. 
In this study, biochar prepared by pirolysis of biomass at 500°C (BC500) and 800°C (BC800) and activated 
carbon prepared upon treatment with ZnCl2 at 800°C (AC800) were evaluated as potential adsorbents. Ailanthus 
altissima was selected as a source of raw material, leaf, because it is a widespread invasive tree that negatively 
affects biodiversity. Tetracycline hydrochloride was selected as a model substance, since it is an antibiotic 
widely present in environmental water. Central composite design was employed to simultaneously investigate 
the effects of adsorbate solution pH, ionic strength (KCl concentration), and adsorbent mass on removal 
efficiency of all three adsorbents, and to find optimal conditions for studying adsorption kinetics and equilibrium 
on the most promising adsorbent. The removal efficiency and adsorbed mass were calculated from the HPLC UV determined concentration of tetracycline post-adsorption. 
Under optimal conditions (10.18 mg of adsorbent, pH 4.42, and ionic strength 165mM), AC800 showed the 
highest affinity for tetracycline, i.e. 38.22% removal and adsorbed mass of 56.32 mg g-1 compared to 14.57% 
and 21.48 mg g-1 (BC500) and 18.82% and 27.73 mg g-1 (BC800). Removal efficiency of AC800 was strongly 
influenced by the adsorbent mass and solution pH. The kinetics study showed a rapid adsorption process 
(equilibrium attained in 120 minutes), while equilibrium studies revealed a high adsorption capacity for 
tetracycline (131.55 mg g-1). AC800 has been shown to be a promising novel drug adsorbent and should be 
further tested for its suitability in water treatment and sample preparation.
PB  - Uniwersytet Medyczny im. K. Marcinkowskiego w Poznaniu
PB  - Polskie Towarzystwo Farmaceutyczne
PB  - Stowarzyszenie Stop Nielegalnym Farmaceutykom
C3  - IV Poznańska Konferencja Naukowo – Szkoleniowej - „Modern pharmaceutical and biomedical analytics in health care”
T1  - Adsorption of pharmaceuticals by novel carbonaceous materials from the leaves of  Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle - Case study on the adsorption of tetracycline
SP  - 64
EP  - 64
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_farfar_5479
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Stojanović, Jevrem and Zalewski, Przemysław and Otašević, Biljana and Zečević, Mira and Malenović, Anđelija and Janošević-Ležaić, Aleksandra and Ranđelović, Dragana and Protić, Ana",
year = "2023",
abstract = "In the last two decades, there has been a growing awareness of the presence of pharmaceuticals in the aquatic 
environment. Antibiotics are particularly alarming because their occurrence may result in increased antibiotic 
resistance. Difficulties in sample preparation and removal of low concentrations of pharmaceuticals from 
environmental water could be overcome by their adsorption onto novel, non-polluting, and inexpensive 
materials. 
In this study, biochar prepared by pirolysis of biomass at 500°C (BC500) and 800°C (BC800) and activated 
carbon prepared upon treatment with ZnCl2 at 800°C (AC800) were evaluated as potential adsorbents. Ailanthus 
altissima was selected as a source of raw material, leaf, because it is a widespread invasive tree that negatively 
affects biodiversity. Tetracycline hydrochloride was selected as a model substance, since it is an antibiotic 
widely present in environmental water. Central composite design was employed to simultaneously investigate 
the effects of adsorbate solution pH, ionic strength (KCl concentration), and adsorbent mass on removal 
efficiency of all three adsorbents, and to find optimal conditions for studying adsorption kinetics and equilibrium 
on the most promising adsorbent. The removal efficiency and adsorbed mass were calculated from the HPLC UV determined concentration of tetracycline post-adsorption. 
Under optimal conditions (10.18 mg of adsorbent, pH 4.42, and ionic strength 165mM), AC800 showed the 
highest affinity for tetracycline, i.e. 38.22% removal and adsorbed mass of 56.32 mg g-1 compared to 14.57% 
and 21.48 mg g-1 (BC500) and 18.82% and 27.73 mg g-1 (BC800). Removal efficiency of AC800 was strongly 
influenced by the adsorbent mass and solution pH. The kinetics study showed a rapid adsorption process 
(equilibrium attained in 120 minutes), while equilibrium studies revealed a high adsorption capacity for 
tetracycline (131.55 mg g-1). AC800 has been shown to be a promising novel drug adsorbent and should be 
further tested for its suitability in water treatment and sample preparation.",
publisher = "Uniwersytet Medyczny im. K. Marcinkowskiego w Poznaniu, Polskie Towarzystwo Farmaceutyczne, Stowarzyszenie Stop Nielegalnym Farmaceutykom",
journal = "IV Poznańska Konferencja Naukowo – Szkoleniowej - „Modern pharmaceutical and biomedical analytics in health care”",
title = "Adsorption of pharmaceuticals by novel carbonaceous materials from the leaves of  Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle - Case study on the adsorption of tetracycline",
pages = "64-64",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_farfar_5479"
}

Stojanović, J., Zalewski, P., Otašević, B., Zečević, M., Malenović, A., Janošević-Ležaić, A., Ranđelović, D.,& Protić, A.. (2023). Adsorption of pharmaceuticals by novel carbonaceous materials from the leaves of  Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle - Case study on the adsorption of tetracycline. in IV Poznańska Konferencja Naukowo – Szkoleniowej - „Modern pharmaceutical and biomedical analytics in health care”
Uniwersytet Medyczny im. K. Marcinkowskiego w Poznaniu., 64-64.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_farfar_5479

Stojanović J, Zalewski P, Otašević B, Zečević M, Malenović A, Janošević-Ležaić A, Ranđelović D, Protić A. Adsorption of pharmaceuticals by novel carbonaceous materials from the leaves of  Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle - Case study on the adsorption of tetracycline. in IV Poznańska Konferencja Naukowo – Szkoleniowej - „Modern pharmaceutical and biomedical analytics in health care”. 2023;:64-64.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_farfar_5479 .

Stojanović, Jevrem, Zalewski, Przemysław, Otašević, Biljana, Zečević, Mira, Malenović, Anđelija, Janošević-Ležaić, Aleksandra, Ranđelović, Dragana, Protić, Ana, "Adsorption of pharmaceuticals by novel carbonaceous materials from the leaves of  Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle - Case study on the adsorption of tetracycline" in IV Poznańska Konferencja Naukowo – Szkoleniowej - „Modern pharmaceutical and biomedical analytics in health care” (2023):64-64,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_farfar_5479 .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Stojanović, Jevrem
AU  - Krmar, Jovana
AU  - Otašević, Biljana
AU  - Protić, Ana
PY  - 2023
UR  - https://farfar.pharmacy.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/4976
AB  - High-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) is a technique of paramount importance in
the analysis of pharmaceuticals because of its ability to separate moderately polar to less polar
compounds, such as drugs and related substances. The concept of green analytical chemistry
(GAC) aims to provide more environmentally friendly and safer analytical methods in terms of
reagents, energy, and waste. One of the major challenges of GAC is to find an appropriate
approach to evaluate the greenness of analytical methods. An extension of GAC, called white
analytical chemistry (WAC), has been introduced to consider not only environmental friendliness,
but also other aspects that contribute to the sustainability of methods, such as analytical and
economic or practical efficiency. HPLC methods are intrinsically not green, due to the high
consumption of toxic organic solvents and the resulting generation of large amounts of toxic
waste. Fortunately, there are many approaches to overcome the non-green character of HPLC
methods. In this article, various modifications of the HPLC methods that increase its
environmental friendliness are presented, as well as the various tools used to evaluate
environmental friendliness. In addition, the new concept of white analytical chemistry is
presented.
AB  - Tečna hromatografija pod visokim pritiskom (HPLC) je tehnika od ogromne važnosti u analitici lekova zbog svoje mogućnosti da razdvoji umereno do manje polarna jedinjenja, kao što su aktivne farmaceutske i srodne supstance. Koncept zelene analitičke hemije (GAC) ima za cilj da obezbedi ekološki prihvatljivije i bezbednije metode u pogledu reagenasa, energije i otpada. Jedan od glavnih izazova GAC je da pronađe odgovarajući pristup za procenu "zelenosti" analitičkih metoda. Proširenje GAC, nazvano bela analitička hemija (WAC), uvedeno je kako bi se uzela u obzir ne samo ekološka prihvatljivost, već i drugi aspekti koji doprinose održivosti metoda, kao što su analitička i ekonomska ili praktična efikasnost. HPLC metode suštinski nisu "zelene" zbog obimne potrošnje toksičnih organskih rastvarača i posledičnog stvaranja velikih količina toksičnog otpada. Srećom, postoji mnogo pristupa za prevazilaženje ne-zelene prirode HPLC metoda. U ovom radu su predstavljene različite modifikacije HPLC metode koje povećavaju ekološku prihvatljivost, kao i različiti alati koji se koriste za procenu ekološke prihvatljivosti. Pored toga, predstavljen je novi koncept bele analitičke hemije.
PB  - Savez farmaceutskih udruženja Srbije (SFUS)
T2  - Arhiv za farmaciju
T1  - Resource management in HPLC: Unveiling a green face of pharmaceutical analysis
T1  - Upravljanje resursima u HPLC: Otkrivanje zelenog lica farmaceutske analize
VL  - 73
IS  - 2
SP  - 146
EP  - 171
DO  - 10.5937/arhfarm73-43479
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Stojanović, Jevrem and Krmar, Jovana and Otašević, Biljana and Protić, Ana",
year = "2023",
abstract = "High-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) is a technique of paramount importance in
the analysis of pharmaceuticals because of its ability to separate moderately polar to less polar
compounds, such as drugs and related substances. The concept of green analytical chemistry
(GAC) aims to provide more environmentally friendly and safer analytical methods in terms of
reagents, energy, and waste. One of the major challenges of GAC is to find an appropriate
approach to evaluate the greenness of analytical methods. An extension of GAC, called white
analytical chemistry (WAC), has been introduced to consider not only environmental friendliness,
but also other aspects that contribute to the sustainability of methods, such as analytical and
economic or practical efficiency. HPLC methods are intrinsically not green, due to the high
consumption of toxic organic solvents and the resulting generation of large amounts of toxic
waste. Fortunately, there are many approaches to overcome the non-green character of HPLC
methods. In this article, various modifications of the HPLC methods that increase its
environmental friendliness are presented, as well as the various tools used to evaluate
environmental friendliness. In addition, the new concept of white analytical chemistry is
presented., Tečna hromatografija pod visokim pritiskom (HPLC) je tehnika od ogromne važnosti u analitici lekova zbog svoje mogućnosti da razdvoji umereno do manje polarna jedinjenja, kao što su aktivne farmaceutske i srodne supstance. Koncept zelene analitičke hemije (GAC) ima za cilj da obezbedi ekološki prihvatljivije i bezbednije metode u pogledu reagenasa, energije i otpada. Jedan od glavnih izazova GAC je da pronađe odgovarajući pristup za procenu "zelenosti" analitičkih metoda. Proširenje GAC, nazvano bela analitička hemija (WAC), uvedeno je kako bi se uzela u obzir ne samo ekološka prihvatljivost, već i drugi aspekti koji doprinose održivosti metoda, kao što su analitička i ekonomska ili praktična efikasnost. HPLC metode suštinski nisu "zelene" zbog obimne potrošnje toksičnih organskih rastvarača i posledičnog stvaranja velikih količina toksičnog otpada. Srećom, postoji mnogo pristupa za prevazilaženje ne-zelene prirode HPLC metoda. U ovom radu su predstavljene različite modifikacije HPLC metode koje povećavaju ekološku prihvatljivost, kao i različiti alati koji se koriste za procenu ekološke prihvatljivosti. Pored toga, predstavljen je novi koncept bele analitičke hemije.",
publisher = "Savez farmaceutskih udruženja Srbije (SFUS)",
journal = "Arhiv za farmaciju",
title = "Resource management in HPLC: Unveiling a green face of pharmaceutical analysis, Upravljanje resursima u HPLC: Otkrivanje zelenog lica farmaceutske analize",
volume = "73",
number = "2",
pages = "146-171",
doi = "10.5937/arhfarm73-43479"
}

Stojanović, J., Krmar, J., Otašević, B.,& Protić, A.. (2023). Resource management in HPLC: Unveiling a green face of pharmaceutical analysis. in Arhiv za farmaciju
Savez farmaceutskih udruženja Srbije (SFUS)., 73(2), 146-171.
https://doi.org/10.5937/arhfarm73-43479

Stojanović J, Krmar J, Otašević B, Protić A. Resource management in HPLC: Unveiling a green face of pharmaceutical analysis. in Arhiv za farmaciju. 2023;73(2):146-171.
doi:10.5937/arhfarm73-43479 .

Stojanović, Jevrem, Krmar, Jovana, Otašević, Biljana, Protić, Ana, "Resource management in HPLC: Unveiling a green face of pharmaceutical analysis" in Arhiv za farmaciju, 73, no. 2 (2023):146-171,
https://doi.org/10.5937/arhfarm73-43479 . .

TY  - CHAP
AU  - Krmar, Jovana
AU  - Svrkota, Bojana
AU  - Đajić, Nevena
AU  - Stojanović, Jevrem
AU  - Protić, Ana
AU  - Otašević, Biljana
PY  - 2023
UR  - https://farfar.pharmacy.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/4907
AB  - One-factor-at-a-time experimentation was used for a long time as gold-standard
optimization for liquid chromatographic (LC) method development. This approach
has two downsides as it requires a needlessly great number of experimental runs and it
is unable to identify possible factor interactions. At the end of the last century,
however, this problem could be solved with the introduction of new chemometric
strategies. This chapter aims at presenting quantitative structure–retention relationship
(QSRR) models with structuring possibilities, from the point of feature selection
through various machine learning algorithms that can be used in model building, for
internal and external validation of the proposed models. The presented strategies of
QSRR model can be a good starting point for analysts to use and adopt them as a good
practice for their applications. QSRR models can be used in predicting the retention
behavior of compounds, to point out the molecular features governing the retention,
and consequently to gain insight into the retention mechanisms. In terms of these
applications, special attention was drawn to modified chromatographic systems,
characterized by mobile or stationary phase modifications. Although chromatographic
methods are applied in a wide variety of fields, the greatest attention has been devoted
to the analysis of pharmaceuticals.
PB  - IntechOpen
T2  - Novel Aspects of Gas Chromatography and Chemometrics
T1  - QSRR Approach: Application to Retention Mechanism in Liquid Chromatography
SP  - 113
EP  - 141
DO  - 10.5772/intechopen.106245
ER  - 

@inbook{
author = "Krmar, Jovana and Svrkota, Bojana and Đajić, Nevena and Stojanović, Jevrem and Protić, Ana and Otašević, Biljana",
year = "2023",
abstract = "One-factor-at-a-time experimentation was used for a long time as gold-standard
optimization for liquid chromatographic (LC) method development. This approach
has two downsides as it requires a needlessly great number of experimental runs and it
is unable to identify possible factor interactions. At the end of the last century,
however, this problem could be solved with the introduction of new chemometric
strategies. This chapter aims at presenting quantitative structure–retention relationship
(QSRR) models with structuring possibilities, from the point of feature selection
through various machine learning algorithms that can be used in model building, for
internal and external validation of the proposed models. The presented strategies of
QSRR model can be a good starting point for analysts to use and adopt them as a good
practice for their applications. QSRR models can be used in predicting the retention
behavior of compounds, to point out the molecular features governing the retention,
and consequently to gain insight into the retention mechanisms. In terms of these
applications, special attention was drawn to modified chromatographic systems,
characterized by mobile or stationary phase modifications. Although chromatographic
methods are applied in a wide variety of fields, the greatest attention has been devoted
to the analysis of pharmaceuticals.",
publisher = "IntechOpen",
journal = "Novel Aspects of Gas Chromatography and Chemometrics",
booktitle = "QSRR Approach: Application to Retention Mechanism in Liquid Chromatography",
pages = "113-141",
doi = "10.5772/intechopen.106245"
}

Krmar, J., Svrkota, B., Đajić, N., Stojanović, J., Protić, A.,& Otašević, B.. (2023). QSRR Approach: Application to Retention Mechanism in Liquid Chromatography. in Novel Aspects of Gas Chromatography and Chemometrics
IntechOpen., 113-141.
https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.106245

Krmar J, Svrkota B, Đajić N, Stojanović J, Protić A, Otašević B. QSRR Approach: Application to Retention Mechanism in Liquid Chromatography. in Novel Aspects of Gas Chromatography and Chemometrics. 2023;:113-141.
doi:10.5772/intechopen.106245 .

Krmar, Jovana, Svrkota, Bojana, Đajić, Nevena, Stojanović, Jevrem, Protić, Ana, Otašević, Biljana, "QSRR Approach: Application to Retention Mechanism in Liquid Chromatography" in Novel Aspects of Gas Chromatography and Chemometrics (2023):113-141,
https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.106245 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Stojanović, Jevrem
AU  - Krmar, Jovana
AU  - Protić, Ana
AU  - Svrkota, Bojana
AU  - Đajić, Nevena
AU  - Otašević, Biljana
PY  - 2021
UR  - https://farfar.pharmacy.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/3951
AB  - Design of Experiments (DoE) is an indispensable tool in contemporary drug analysis as it
simultaneously balances a number of chromatographic parameters to ensure optimal separation
in High Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). This manuscript briefly outlines the theoretical
background of the DoE and provides step-by-step instruction for its implementation in HPLC
pharmaceutical practice. It particularly discusses the classification of various design types and
their possibilities to rationalize the different stages of HPLC method development workflow, such
as the selection of the most influential factors, factors optimization and assessment of the method
robustness. Additionally, the application of the DoE-based Analytical Quality by Design (AQbD)
concept in the LC method development has been summarized. Recent achievements in the use of
DoE in the development of stability-indicating LC and hyphenated LC-MS methods have also
been briefly reported. Performing of Quantitative structure retention relationship (QSRR) study
enhanced with DoE-based data collection was recomended as a future perspective in description
of retention in HPLC system.
AB  - Dizajn eksperimenata (DoE) je nezaobilazan alat u savremenoj analizi lekova budući da istovremeno balansira niz hromatografskih parametara kako bi se osiguralo optimalno razdvajanje u tečnoj hromatografiji pod visokim pritiskom (HPLC). Prikazana je teorijska osnova DOE i data su detaljna uputstva za njegovu primenu u HPLC ispitivanjima u farmaciji. Naročito se govori o klasifikaciji brojnih tipova dizajna i njihovim mogućnostima za racionalizaciju različitih faza tokom procesa razvoja HPLC metode, kao što su izbor najuticajnijih faktora, optimizacija faktora i procena robusnosti metode. Dodatno, sumirana je primena DOE kao sastavnog dela koncepta ugradnje kvaliteta u proizvod u domenu razvoja analitičkih metoda (AQbD) zasnovanih na HPLC tehnici. Takođe su prikazana i nedavna dostignuća u primeni DOE u razvoju LC metoda koje su pogodne za ispitivanje stabilnosti lekova, kao i LC-MS metoda. U budućoj perspektivi, preporučeno je izvođenje ispitivanja kvantitativnog odnosa između strukture i retencionog ponašanja (QSRR) analita u HPLC sistemu na osnovu podataka dobijenih primenom DOE.
PB  - Beograd : Savez farmaceutskih udruženja Srbije
T2  - Arhiv za farmaciju
T1  - Experimental design in HPLC separation of pharmaceuticals
T1  - Primena eksperimentalnog dizajna za razdvajanje lekova HPLC metodom
VL  - 71
IS  - 4
SP  - 279
EP  - 301
DO  - 10.5937/arhfarm71-32480
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Stojanović, Jevrem and Krmar, Jovana and Protić, Ana and Svrkota, Bojana and Đajić, Nevena and Otašević, Biljana",
year = "2021",
abstract = "Design of Experiments (DoE) is an indispensable tool in contemporary drug analysis as it
simultaneously balances a number of chromatographic parameters to ensure optimal separation
in High Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). This manuscript briefly outlines the theoretical
background of the DoE and provides step-by-step instruction for its implementation in HPLC
pharmaceutical practice. It particularly discusses the classification of various design types and
their possibilities to rationalize the different stages of HPLC method development workflow, such
as the selection of the most influential factors, factors optimization and assessment of the method
robustness. Additionally, the application of the DoE-based Analytical Quality by Design (AQbD)
concept in the LC method development has been summarized. Recent achievements in the use of
DoE in the development of stability-indicating LC and hyphenated LC-MS methods have also
been briefly reported. Performing of Quantitative structure retention relationship (QSRR) study
enhanced with DoE-based data collection was recomended as a future perspective in description
of retention in HPLC system., Dizajn eksperimenata (DoE) je nezaobilazan alat u savremenoj analizi lekova budući da istovremeno balansira niz hromatografskih parametara kako bi se osiguralo optimalno razdvajanje u tečnoj hromatografiji pod visokim pritiskom (HPLC). Prikazana je teorijska osnova DOE i data su detaljna uputstva za njegovu primenu u HPLC ispitivanjima u farmaciji. Naročito se govori o klasifikaciji brojnih tipova dizajna i njihovim mogućnostima za racionalizaciju različitih faza tokom procesa razvoja HPLC metode, kao što su izbor najuticajnijih faktora, optimizacija faktora i procena robusnosti metode. Dodatno, sumirana je primena DOE kao sastavnog dela koncepta ugradnje kvaliteta u proizvod u domenu razvoja analitičkih metoda (AQbD) zasnovanih na HPLC tehnici. Takođe su prikazana i nedavna dostignuća u primeni DOE u razvoju LC metoda koje su pogodne za ispitivanje stabilnosti lekova, kao i LC-MS metoda. U budućoj perspektivi, preporučeno je izvođenje ispitivanja kvantitativnog odnosa između strukture i retencionog ponašanja (QSRR) analita u HPLC sistemu na osnovu podataka dobijenih primenom DOE.",
publisher = "Beograd : Savez farmaceutskih udruženja Srbije",
journal = "Arhiv za farmaciju",
title = "Experimental design in HPLC separation of pharmaceuticals, Primena eksperimentalnog dizajna za razdvajanje lekova HPLC metodom",
volume = "71",
number = "4",
pages = "279-301",
doi = "10.5937/arhfarm71-32480"
}

Stojanović, J., Krmar, J., Protić, A., Svrkota, B., Đajić, N.,& Otašević, B.. (2021). Experimental design in HPLC separation of pharmaceuticals. in Arhiv za farmaciju
Beograd : Savez farmaceutskih udruženja Srbije., 71(4), 279-301.
https://doi.org/10.5937/arhfarm71-32480

Stojanović J, Krmar J, Protić A, Svrkota B, Đajić N, Otašević B. Experimental design in HPLC separation of pharmaceuticals. in Arhiv za farmaciju. 2021;71(4):279-301.
doi:10.5937/arhfarm71-32480 .

Stojanović, Jevrem, Krmar, Jovana, Protić, Ana, Svrkota, Bojana, Đajić, Nevena, Otašević, Biljana, "Experimental design in HPLC separation of pharmaceuticals" in Arhiv za farmaciju, 71, no. 4 (2021):279-301,
https://doi.org/10.5937/arhfarm71-32480 . .