TY  - JOUR
AU  - Račić, Anđelka
AU  - Jurišić-Dukovski, Bisera
AU  - Lovrić, Jasmina
AU  - Dobričić, Vladimir
AU  - Vučen, Sonja
AU  - Micov, Ana
AU  - Stepanović-Petrović, Radica
AU  - Tomić, Maja
AU  - Pecikoza, Uroš
AU  - Bajac, Jelena
AU  - Krajišnik, Danina
PY  - 2024
UR  - https://farfar.pharmacy.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/5610
AB  - The incorporation of polymers into drug delivery vehicles has been shown to be a useful approach to prolong the
residence time of drugs in the precorneal tear film and to improve penetration into biological membranes. The
main objective of this research was to formulate novel viscous eye drops with ketotifen as the active ingredient,
containing the polysaccharides: chitosan (MCH), hydroxypropyl guar gum (HPG) and hyaluronic acid (SH) alone
and in combination as functional polymers. DSC and FT-IR techniques showed the compatibility between
ketotifen and polymers. Physicochemical and rheological analysis at ambient and simulated physiological conditions, as well as the evaluation of mucoadhesive properties showed that vehicles containing combinations of
polymers have suitable physicochemical and functional properties with demonstrated synergism between
combined polymers (MCH and HPG i.e. SH and HPG). The drug permeability was successfully estimated in vitro
using HCE-T cell-based models. MTT cytotoxicity assay demonstrates that the tested formulations were non-toxic
and well tolerated. In vivo preclinical study on mice revealed that both vehicles containing mixed polymers
enhanced and prolonged the antipruritic/analgesic-like effect of ophthalmic ketotifen. Based on these results,
both combinations of polysaccharide polymers, especially SH-HPG, could be considered as potential new carriers
for ketotifen for ophthalmic use.
PB  - Elsevier
T2  - International Journal of Pharmaceutics
T1  - Synergism of polysaccharide polymers in antihistamine eye drops: Influence on physicochemical properties and in vivo efficacy
VL  - 655
SP  - 124033
DO  - 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124033
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Račić, Anđelka and Jurišić-Dukovski, Bisera and Lovrić, Jasmina and Dobričić, Vladimir and Vučen, Sonja and Micov, Ana and Stepanović-Petrović, Radica and Tomić, Maja and Pecikoza, Uroš and Bajac, Jelena and Krajišnik, Danina",
year = "2024",
abstract = "The incorporation of polymers into drug delivery vehicles has been shown to be a useful approach to prolong the
residence time of drugs in the precorneal tear film and to improve penetration into biological membranes. The
main objective of this research was to formulate novel viscous eye drops with ketotifen as the active ingredient,
containing the polysaccharides: chitosan (MCH), hydroxypropyl guar gum (HPG) and hyaluronic acid (SH) alone
and in combination as functional polymers. DSC and FT-IR techniques showed the compatibility between
ketotifen and polymers. Physicochemical and rheological analysis at ambient and simulated physiological conditions, as well as the evaluation of mucoadhesive properties showed that vehicles containing combinations of
polymers have suitable physicochemical and functional properties with demonstrated synergism between
combined polymers (MCH and HPG i.e. SH and HPG). The drug permeability was successfully estimated in vitro
using HCE-T cell-based models. MTT cytotoxicity assay demonstrates that the tested formulations were non-toxic
and well tolerated. In vivo preclinical study on mice revealed that both vehicles containing mixed polymers
enhanced and prolonged the antipruritic/analgesic-like effect of ophthalmic ketotifen. Based on these results,
both combinations of polysaccharide polymers, especially SH-HPG, could be considered as potential new carriers
for ketotifen for ophthalmic use.",
publisher = "Elsevier",
journal = "International Journal of Pharmaceutics",
title = "Synergism of polysaccharide polymers in antihistamine eye drops: Influence on physicochemical properties and in vivo efficacy",
volume = "655",
pages = "124033",
doi = "10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124033"
}

Račić, A., Jurišić-Dukovski, B., Lovrić, J., Dobričić, V., Vučen, S., Micov, A., Stepanović-Petrović, R., Tomić, M., Pecikoza, U., Bajac, J.,& Krajišnik, D.. (2024). Synergism of polysaccharide polymers in antihistamine eye drops: Influence on physicochemical properties and in vivo efficacy. in International Journal of Pharmaceutics
Elsevier., 655, 124033.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124033

Račić A, Jurišić-Dukovski B, Lovrić J, Dobričić V, Vučen S, Micov A, Stepanović-Petrović R, Tomić M, Pecikoza U, Bajac J, Krajišnik D. Synergism of polysaccharide polymers in antihistamine eye drops: Influence on physicochemical properties and in vivo efficacy. in International Journal of Pharmaceutics. 2024;655:124033.
doi:10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124033 .

Račić, Anđelka, Jurišić-Dukovski, Bisera, Lovrić, Jasmina, Dobričić, Vladimir, Vučen, Sonja, Micov, Ana, Stepanović-Petrović, Radica, Tomić, Maja, Pecikoza, Uroš, Bajac, Jelena, Krajišnik, Danina, "Synergism of polysaccharide polymers in antihistamine eye drops: Influence on physicochemical properties and in vivo efficacy" in International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 655 (2024):124033,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124033 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Račić, Anđelka
AU  - Krajišnik, Danina
PY  - 2023
UR  - https://farfar.pharmacy.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/4518
AB  - Dry eye syndrome and allergic conjunctivitis are the most common inflammatory disorders of the eye surface. Although eye drops are the most usual prescribed dosage form, they are characterized by low ocular availability due to numerous barrier mechanisms of the eye. The use of biopolymers in liquid ophthalmic preparations has numerous advantages, such as increasing the viscosity of the tear film, exhibiting bioadhesive properties, and resisting the drainage system, leading to prolonged retention of the preparation at the site of application, and improvement of the therapeutic effect. Some mucoadhesive polymers are multifunctional excipients, so they act by different mechanisms on increasing the permeability of the cornea. Additionally, many hydrophilic biopolymers can also represent the active substances in artificial tear preparations, due to their lubrication and moisturizing effect. With the modification of conventional ophthalmic preparations, there is a need for development of new methods for their characterization. Numerous methods for the assessment of mucoadhesiveness have been suggested by the literature. This review gives an overview related to the development of mucoadhesive liquid ophthalmic formulations for the treatment of dry eye and allergic conditions.
PB  - MDPI
T2  - Pharmaceutics
T1  - Biopolymers in Mucoadhesive Eye Drops for Treatment of Dry Eye and Allergic Conditions: Application and Perspectives
VL  - 15
IS  - 2
DO  - 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020470
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Račić, Anđelka and Krajišnik, Danina",
year = "2023",
abstract = "Dry eye syndrome and allergic conjunctivitis are the most common inflammatory disorders of the eye surface. Although eye drops are the most usual prescribed dosage form, they are characterized by low ocular availability due to numerous barrier mechanisms of the eye. The use of biopolymers in liquid ophthalmic preparations has numerous advantages, such as increasing the viscosity of the tear film, exhibiting bioadhesive properties, and resisting the drainage system, leading to prolonged retention of the preparation at the site of application, and improvement of the therapeutic effect. Some mucoadhesive polymers are multifunctional excipients, so they act by different mechanisms on increasing the permeability of the cornea. Additionally, many hydrophilic biopolymers can also represent the active substances in artificial tear preparations, due to their lubrication and moisturizing effect. With the modification of conventional ophthalmic preparations, there is a need for development of new methods for their characterization. Numerous methods for the assessment of mucoadhesiveness have been suggested by the literature. This review gives an overview related to the development of mucoadhesive liquid ophthalmic formulations for the treatment of dry eye and allergic conditions.",
publisher = "MDPI",
journal = "Pharmaceutics",
title = "Biopolymers in Mucoadhesive Eye Drops for Treatment of Dry Eye and Allergic Conditions: Application and Perspectives",
volume = "15",
number = "2",
doi = "10.3390/pharmaceutics15020470"
}

Račić, A.,& Krajišnik, D.. (2023). Biopolymers in Mucoadhesive Eye Drops for Treatment of Dry Eye and Allergic Conditions: Application and Perspectives. in Pharmaceutics
MDPI., 15(2).
https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15020470

Račić A, Krajišnik D. Biopolymers in Mucoadhesive Eye Drops for Treatment of Dry Eye and Allergic Conditions: Application and Perspectives. in Pharmaceutics. 2023;15(2).
doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics15020470 .

Račić, Anđelka, Krajišnik, Danina, "Biopolymers in Mucoadhesive Eye Drops for Treatment of Dry Eye and Allergic Conditions: Application and Perspectives" in Pharmaceutics, 15, no. 2 (2023),
https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15020470 . .

TY  - THES
AU  - Račić, Anđelka
PY  - 2022
UR  - https://eteze.bg.ac.rs/application/showtheses?thesesId=9062
UR  - https://fedorabg.bg.ac.rs/fedora/get/o:29144/bdef:Content/download
UR  - https://plus.cobiss.net/cobiss/sr/sr/bib/61462537
UR  - https://nardus.mpn.gov.rs/handle/123456789/21387
UR  - https://farfar.pharmacy.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/4835
AB  - Cilj ove doktorske disertacije bio je razvoj polisaharidnih, mukoadhezivnih oftalmološkihlubrikanasa/vehikuluma koji sadrže derivate celuloze, derivat guar gume, hitozan i natrijum-hijaluronat u kombinaciji ili pojedinačno, kao nosača za lekovite supstance iz grupe antihistaminika.Kombinacije polimera pokazale su sinergistički efekat na reološko i mukoadhezivno ponašanjeizrađenih oftalmoloških vehikuluma koji poseduju potencijal za produženo zadržavanje u suznomfilmu. Oftalmološki vehikulumi odgovarajućih fizičko-hemijskih i funkcionalnih karakteristikaodabrani su za izradu kapi za oči sa model lekovitim supstancama (olopatadin i ketotifen).Dobijeni rezultati potvrdili su kompatibilnost između model lekovitih supstanci iupotrebljenih polimera (hidroksipropil guar gume, hitozana srednje molekulske mase i natrijum-hijaluronata). Studije permeabilnosti uspešno su sprovedene primenom modela zasnovanih na HCE-T ćelijama i paralelnim veštačkim membranama (PAMPA). Potvrđena je sposobnost hitozana dapoboljšava permeabilnost kroz model rožnjače, dok se potencijalna uloga hidroksipropil guar gume inatrijum-hijaluronata ogledala u produžavanju vremena kontakta sa rožnjačom. Biokompatibilnostispitivanih formulacija potvrđena je izvođenjem MTT citotoksičnog testa na HCE-T ćelijskommodelu. Procena efikasnosti kapi za oči koje sadrže kombinacije polisaharidnih polimera kao nosačaza olopatadin i ketotifen sprovedena je u testu svraba oka izazvanog histaminom na miševima (modelakutnog alergijskog konjunktivitisa). Ispitivani polimeri doprineli su dužem zadržavanju lekovitihsupstanci na površini oka zahvaljući povećanju viskoziteta i dobrim mukoadhezivnim svojstvima,kao i poboljšanoj permeabilnosti, što je doprinelo dužem trajanju i povećanju intenzitetaantipruritusnog dejstva, u odnosu na kapi za oči koje u sastavu ne sadrže polisaharidne polimere.
AB  - The aim of this study was development of viscous polysaccharide, mucoadhesivelubricants/ophthalmic vehicles containing cellulose derivatives (hypromellose andhydroxyethylcellulose), derivative of guar gum, chitosan and sodium hyluronate alone or incombination. Combinations of polymers exhibited synergistic effects on rheological andmucoadhesive behavior of the compounded ophthalmic vehicles. The compounded lubricants showedpotential for a prolonged retention time in tear film. Ophthalmic vehicles with appropriatephysicochemical properties and functionality were selected for the further formulation of eye dropswith antihistaminic model drugs (olopatadine and ketotifen).The obtained results revealed compatibility between model drugs and the polymers(hydroxypropyl guar gum, medium molecular weight chitosan, sodium hyaluronate). The drugpermeability studies were successfully performed using HCE-T cell based models and the parallelartificial membrane permeability assay (PAMPA). Permeability enchasing property of chitosan wasconfirmed, while the potential role of hydroxypropyl guar gum and sodium hyaluronate was inprolonging of a contact time with the cornea. The MTT cytotoxicity assay performed on HCE-T cellbased confirmed the biocompatibility of the tested formulations. The effectiveness of eye dropscontaining combinations of polysaccharide polymers was evaluated in a test of ocular itching inducedby histamine in mice (model of acute allergic conjunctivitis). The investigated polymers improveddrugs retention at the eye surface due to increased viscosity and good mucoadhesive properties, andimproved permeability as well, which resulted in a more prolonged and pronounced anti-pruriticeffect, in comparison with the aqueous solutions without polysaccharide polymers.
PB  - Универзитет у Београду, Фармацеутски факултет
T2  - Универзитет у Београду
T1  - Polisaharidni mukoadhezivni vehikulumi kao nosači za lekovite supstance iz grupe antihistaminika za oftalmološku primenu
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_nardus_21387
ER  - 

@phdthesis{
author = "Račić, Anđelka",
year = "2022",
abstract = "Cilj ove doktorske disertacije bio je razvoj polisaharidnih, mukoadhezivnih oftalmološkihlubrikanasa/vehikuluma koji sadrže derivate celuloze, derivat guar gume, hitozan i natrijum-hijaluronat u kombinaciji ili pojedinačno, kao nosača za lekovite supstance iz grupe antihistaminika.Kombinacije polimera pokazale su sinergistički efekat na reološko i mukoadhezivno ponašanjeizrađenih oftalmoloških vehikuluma koji poseduju potencijal za produženo zadržavanje u suznomfilmu. Oftalmološki vehikulumi odgovarajućih fizičko-hemijskih i funkcionalnih karakteristikaodabrani su za izradu kapi za oči sa model lekovitim supstancama (olopatadin i ketotifen).Dobijeni rezultati potvrdili su kompatibilnost između model lekovitih supstanci iupotrebljenih polimera (hidroksipropil guar gume, hitozana srednje molekulske mase i natrijum-hijaluronata). Studije permeabilnosti uspešno su sprovedene primenom modela zasnovanih na HCE-T ćelijama i paralelnim veštačkim membranama (PAMPA). Potvrđena je sposobnost hitozana dapoboljšava permeabilnost kroz model rožnjače, dok se potencijalna uloga hidroksipropil guar gume inatrijum-hijaluronata ogledala u produžavanju vremena kontakta sa rožnjačom. Biokompatibilnostispitivanih formulacija potvrđena je izvođenjem MTT citotoksičnog testa na HCE-T ćelijskommodelu. Procena efikasnosti kapi za oči koje sadrže kombinacije polisaharidnih polimera kao nosačaza olopatadin i ketotifen sprovedena je u testu svraba oka izazvanog histaminom na miševima (modelakutnog alergijskog konjunktivitisa). Ispitivani polimeri doprineli su dužem zadržavanju lekovitihsupstanci na površini oka zahvaljući povećanju viskoziteta i dobrim mukoadhezivnim svojstvima,kao i poboljšanoj permeabilnosti, što je doprinelo dužem trajanju i povećanju intenzitetaantipruritusnog dejstva, u odnosu na kapi za oči koje u sastavu ne sadrže polisaharidne polimere., The aim of this study was development of viscous polysaccharide, mucoadhesivelubricants/ophthalmic vehicles containing cellulose derivatives (hypromellose andhydroxyethylcellulose), derivative of guar gum, chitosan and sodium hyluronate alone or incombination. Combinations of polymers exhibited synergistic effects on rheological andmucoadhesive behavior of the compounded ophthalmic vehicles. The compounded lubricants showedpotential for a prolonged retention time in tear film. Ophthalmic vehicles with appropriatephysicochemical properties and functionality were selected for the further formulation of eye dropswith antihistaminic model drugs (olopatadine and ketotifen).The obtained results revealed compatibility between model drugs and the polymers(hydroxypropyl guar gum, medium molecular weight chitosan, sodium hyaluronate). The drugpermeability studies were successfully performed using HCE-T cell based models and the parallelartificial membrane permeability assay (PAMPA). Permeability enchasing property of chitosan wasconfirmed, while the potential role of hydroxypropyl guar gum and sodium hyaluronate was inprolonging of a contact time with the cornea. The MTT cytotoxicity assay performed on HCE-T cellbased confirmed the biocompatibility of the tested formulations. The effectiveness of eye dropscontaining combinations of polysaccharide polymers was evaluated in a test of ocular itching inducedby histamine in mice (model of acute allergic conjunctivitis). The investigated polymers improveddrugs retention at the eye surface due to increased viscosity and good mucoadhesive properties, andimproved permeability as well, which resulted in a more prolonged and pronounced anti-pruriticeffect, in comparison with the aqueous solutions without polysaccharide polymers.",
publisher = "Универзитет у Београду, Фармацеутски факултет",
journal = "Универзитет у Београду",
title = "Polisaharidni mukoadhezivni vehikulumi kao nosači za lekovite supstance iz grupe antihistaminika za oftalmološku primenu",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_nardus_21387"
}

Račić, A.. (2022). Polisaharidni mukoadhezivni vehikulumi kao nosači za lekovite supstance iz grupe antihistaminika za oftalmološku primenu. in Универзитет у Београду
Универзитет у Београду, Фармацеутски факултет..
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_nardus_21387

Račić A. Polisaharidni mukoadhezivni vehikulumi kao nosači za lekovite supstance iz grupe antihistaminika za oftalmološku primenu. in Универзитет у Београду. 2022;.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_nardus_21387 .

Račić, Anđelka, "Polisaharidni mukoadhezivni vehikulumi kao nosači za lekovite supstance iz grupe antihistaminika za oftalmološku primenu" in Универзитет у Београду (2022),
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_nardus_21387 .

TY  - CONF
AU  - Račić, Anđelka
AU  - Čalija, Bojan
AU  - Dobričić, Vladimir
AU  - Jurišić Dukovsk, Bisera
AU  - Lovrić, Jasmina
AU  - Krajišnik, Danina
PY  - 2022
UR  - https://farfar.pharmacy.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/4566
AB  - To improve ocular bioavailability of eye drops, viscosity-increasing polymers with improved
functional properties have been used (1,2). The aim of this study was formulation and evaluation of
viscous eye drops using vehicles containing hydroxypropyl guar gum (HPG) (0.25% w/v), sodium
hyaluronate (SH) (0.4% w/v), and their combination (HPG-SH) as carriers for olopatadine (0.1% w/v).
Physicochemical properties (appearance, clarity, pH, osmolality, viscosity) of the prepared
formulations were tested. The drug permeability was estimated in vitro using HCE-T cell-based models
and the parallel artificial membrane permeability assay (PAMPA). MTT cytotoxicity assay was
performed at the end of the permeability study. Physicochemical stability of the formulated eye drops
was tested during 12 months. An accelerated stability study was performed using the heating/cooling
cycles test. The clarity, pH and osmolality of all formulations were in acceptable range for ophthalmic
preparations. Formulation HPG-SH showed significantly higher viscosity (73.1 mPa·s) than
formulations with single polymer (7.4 mPa·s for HPG i.e 3.7 mPa·s for SH) pointing to synergistic effect
of polymers. The addition of polymers led to a decrease in transcorneal permeability and lower
permeability coefficients with prolonged residence of drug at the ocular surface. The results of MTT
assay demonstrated that the tested formulations were biocompatible and well tolerated. Formulated
eye drops showed satisfactory physicochemical stability under all storage conditions.
Olopatadine was successfully formulated in biocompatible viscous ophthalmic solutions. The
combination of viscosity enhancer HPG with mucoadhesive polymer SH has a potential to improve
precorneal residence time and therapeutic effect of olopatadine.
AB  - Polimeri poboljšanih funkcionalnih karakteristika koji povećavaju viskozitet koriste se u
kapima za oči kako bi se povećala okularna raspoloživost (1,2). Cilj ove studije bio je formulacija i
ispitivanje viskoznih kapi za oči korišćenjem vehikuluma koji sadrže hidroksipropil guar gumu (HPG)
(0,25% v/v), natrijum hijaluronat (SH) (0,4% v/v) i njihovu kombinaciju (HPG-SH) kao nosača za
olopatadin (0,1% v/v). Ispitivane su fizičkohemijske osobine (izgled, bistrina, pH, osmolalnost,
viskozitet) pripremljenih formulacija. Permeabilnost leka je procenjena in vitro korišćenjem modela
zasnovanih na HCE-T ćelijama i testa permeabilnosti na paralelnim veštačkim membranama (PAMPA).
MTT citotoksični test sproveden je na kraju studije permeabilnosti. Fizičkohemijska stabilnost
formulisanih kapi za oči ispitivana je tokom 12 meseci. Sprovedena je ubrzana studija stabilnosti
korišćenjem cikličnog testa grejanja/hlađenja. Bistrina, pH i osmolalnost svih formulacija bili su u
prihvatljivom opsegu za oftalmološke preparate. Formulacija HPG-SH je pokazala značajno viši
viskozitet (73,1 mPa·s) od formulacija sa pojedinačnim polimerom (7,4 mPa·s za HPG, tj. 3,7 mPa·s za
SH) ukazujući na sinergistički efekat polimera. Dodatak polimera je doveo do smanjenja
transkornealne permeabilnosti i nižih koeficijenata permeabilnosti uz produženo zadržavanje leka na
površini oka. Rezultati MTT testa su pokazali da su testirane formulacije biokompatibilne i dobro
podnošljive. Formulisane kapi za oči imale su zadovoljavajuću fizičkohemijsku stabilnost pri svim
uslovima čuvanja. Uspešno su formulisani biokompatibilni viskozni rastvori za oftalmološku primenu
sa olopatadinom. Kombinacija HPG kao sredstva za povećanje viskoziteta sa mukoadhezivnim
polimerom SH ima potencijal da poboljša prekornealno vreme zadržavanja i terapijski efekat
olopatadina.
PB  - Savez farmaceutskih udruženja Srbije (SFUS)
C3  - Arhiv za farmaciju
T1  - Evaluation of the influence of hydroxypropylguar gum and hyaluronic acid on physicochemical and functional characteristics of ophthalmic vehicles for olopatadine
T1  - Procena uticaja hidroksipropil guar gume i hijaluronske kiseline na fizičkohemijske i funkcionalne karakteristike oftalmoloških vehikuluma za olopatadin
VL  - 72
IS  - 4 suplement
SP  - S388
EP  - S389
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_farfar_4566
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Račić, Anđelka and Čalija, Bojan and Dobričić, Vladimir and Jurišić Dukovsk, Bisera and Lovrić, Jasmina and Krajišnik, Danina",
year = "2022",
abstract = "To improve ocular bioavailability of eye drops, viscosity-increasing polymers with improved
functional properties have been used (1,2). The aim of this study was formulation and evaluation of
viscous eye drops using vehicles containing hydroxypropyl guar gum (HPG) (0.25% w/v), sodium
hyaluronate (SH) (0.4% w/v), and their combination (HPG-SH) as carriers for olopatadine (0.1% w/v).
Physicochemical properties (appearance, clarity, pH, osmolality, viscosity) of the prepared
formulations were tested. The drug permeability was estimated in vitro using HCE-T cell-based models
and the parallel artificial membrane permeability assay (PAMPA). MTT cytotoxicity assay was
performed at the end of the permeability study. Physicochemical stability of the formulated eye drops
was tested during 12 months. An accelerated stability study was performed using the heating/cooling
cycles test. The clarity, pH and osmolality of all formulations were in acceptable range for ophthalmic
preparations. Formulation HPG-SH showed significantly higher viscosity (73.1 mPa·s) than
formulations with single polymer (7.4 mPa·s for HPG i.e 3.7 mPa·s for SH) pointing to synergistic effect
of polymers. The addition of polymers led to a decrease in transcorneal permeability and lower
permeability coefficients with prolonged residence of drug at the ocular surface. The results of MTT
assay demonstrated that the tested formulations were biocompatible and well tolerated. Formulated
eye drops showed satisfactory physicochemical stability under all storage conditions.
Olopatadine was successfully formulated in biocompatible viscous ophthalmic solutions. The
combination of viscosity enhancer HPG with mucoadhesive polymer SH has a potential to improve
precorneal residence time and therapeutic effect of olopatadine., Polimeri poboljšanih funkcionalnih karakteristika koji povećavaju viskozitet koriste se u
kapima za oči kako bi se povećala okularna raspoloživost (1,2). Cilj ove studije bio je formulacija i
ispitivanje viskoznih kapi za oči korišćenjem vehikuluma koji sadrže hidroksipropil guar gumu (HPG)
(0,25% v/v), natrijum hijaluronat (SH) (0,4% v/v) i njihovu kombinaciju (HPG-SH) kao nosača za
olopatadin (0,1% v/v). Ispitivane su fizičkohemijske osobine (izgled, bistrina, pH, osmolalnost,
viskozitet) pripremljenih formulacija. Permeabilnost leka je procenjena in vitro korišćenjem modela
zasnovanih na HCE-T ćelijama i testa permeabilnosti na paralelnim veštačkim membranama (PAMPA).
MTT citotoksični test sproveden je na kraju studije permeabilnosti. Fizičkohemijska stabilnost
formulisanih kapi za oči ispitivana je tokom 12 meseci. Sprovedena je ubrzana studija stabilnosti
korišćenjem cikličnog testa grejanja/hlađenja. Bistrina, pH i osmolalnost svih formulacija bili su u
prihvatljivom opsegu za oftalmološke preparate. Formulacija HPG-SH je pokazala značajno viši
viskozitet (73,1 mPa·s) od formulacija sa pojedinačnim polimerom (7,4 mPa·s za HPG, tj. 3,7 mPa·s za
SH) ukazujući na sinergistički efekat polimera. Dodatak polimera je doveo do smanjenja
transkornealne permeabilnosti i nižih koeficijenata permeabilnosti uz produženo zadržavanje leka na
površini oka. Rezultati MTT testa su pokazali da su testirane formulacije biokompatibilne i dobro
podnošljive. Formulisane kapi za oči imale su zadovoljavajuću fizičkohemijsku stabilnost pri svim
uslovima čuvanja. Uspešno su formulisani biokompatibilni viskozni rastvori za oftalmološku primenu
sa olopatadinom. Kombinacija HPG kao sredstva za povećanje viskoziteta sa mukoadhezivnim
polimerom SH ima potencijal da poboljša prekornealno vreme zadržavanja i terapijski efekat
olopatadina.",
publisher = "Savez farmaceutskih udruženja Srbije (SFUS)",
journal = "Arhiv za farmaciju",
title = "Evaluation of the influence of hydroxypropylguar gum and hyaluronic acid on physicochemical and functional characteristics of ophthalmic vehicles for olopatadine, Procena uticaja hidroksipropil guar gume i hijaluronske kiseline na fizičkohemijske i funkcionalne karakteristike oftalmoloških vehikuluma za olopatadin",
volume = "72",
number = "4 suplement",
pages = "S388-S389",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_farfar_4566"
}

Račić, A., Čalija, B., Dobričić, V., Jurišić Dukovsk, B., Lovrić, J.,& Krajišnik, D.. (2022). Evaluation of the influence of hydroxypropylguar gum and hyaluronic acid on physicochemical and functional characteristics of ophthalmic vehicles for olopatadine. in Arhiv za farmaciju
Savez farmaceutskih udruženja Srbije (SFUS)., 72(4 suplement), S388-S389.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_farfar_4566

Račić A, Čalija B, Dobričić V, Jurišić Dukovsk B, Lovrić J, Krajišnik D. Evaluation of the influence of hydroxypropylguar gum and hyaluronic acid on physicochemical and functional characteristics of ophthalmic vehicles for olopatadine. in Arhiv za farmaciju. 2022;72(4 suplement):S388-S389.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_farfar_4566 .

Račić, Anđelka, Čalija, Bojan, Dobričić, Vladimir, Jurišić Dukovsk, Bisera, Lovrić, Jasmina, Krajišnik, Danina, "Evaluation of the influence of hydroxypropylguar gum and hyaluronic acid on physicochemical and functional characteristics of ophthalmic vehicles for olopatadine" in Arhiv za farmaciju, 72, no. 4 suplement (2022):S388-S389,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_farfar_4566 .

TY  - CONF
AU  - Račić, Anđelka
AU  - Jurišić Dukovski, Bisera
AU  - Lovrić, Jasmina
AU  - Dobričić, Vladimir
AU  - Čalija, Bojan
AU  - Milić, Jela
AU  - Krajišnik, Danina
PY  - 2021
UR  - https://farfar.pharmacy.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/5481
AB  - Olopatadine is a selective H1-receptore antagonist that
inhibits release of histamine and proinflammatory
mediators [1]. The poor ocular bioavailability, as the main
limitation of efficient ocular therapy, could be overcome by
increasing residence time and enhancing corneal
penetration. ...
PB  - International Association for Pharmaceutical Technology, Mainz, Germany
C3  - 12th World Meeting on Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, 11-14 May 2021, Vienna, Austria, Virtual meeting
T1  - Permeability and biocompatibility evaluation of olopatadine hydrochloride viscous ophthalmic solutions using in vitro 3D corneal model
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_farfar_5481
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Račić, Anđelka and Jurišić Dukovski, Bisera and Lovrić, Jasmina and Dobričić, Vladimir and Čalija, Bojan and Milić, Jela and Krajišnik, Danina",
year = "2021",
abstract = "Olopatadine is a selective H1-receptore antagonist that
inhibits release of histamine and proinflammatory
mediators [1]. The poor ocular bioavailability, as the main
limitation of efficient ocular therapy, could be overcome by
increasing residence time and enhancing corneal
penetration. ...",
publisher = "International Association for Pharmaceutical Technology, Mainz, Germany",
journal = "12th World Meeting on Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, 11-14 May 2021, Vienna, Austria, Virtual meeting",
title = "Permeability and biocompatibility evaluation of olopatadine hydrochloride viscous ophthalmic solutions using in vitro 3D corneal model",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_farfar_5481"
}

Račić, A., Jurišić Dukovski, B., Lovrić, J., Dobričić, V., Čalija, B., Milić, J.,& Krajišnik, D.. (2021). Permeability and biocompatibility evaluation of olopatadine hydrochloride viscous ophthalmic solutions using in vitro 3D corneal model. in 12th World Meeting on Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, 11-14 May 2021, Vienna, Austria, Virtual meeting
International Association for Pharmaceutical Technology, Mainz, Germany..
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_farfar_5481

Račić A, Jurišić Dukovski B, Lovrić J, Dobričić V, Čalija B, Milić J, Krajišnik D. Permeability and biocompatibility evaluation of olopatadine hydrochloride viscous ophthalmic solutions using in vitro 3D corneal model. in 12th World Meeting on Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, 11-14 May 2021, Vienna, Austria, Virtual meeting. 2021;.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_farfar_5481 .

Račić, Anđelka, Jurišić Dukovski, Bisera, Lovrić, Jasmina, Dobričić, Vladimir, Čalija, Bojan, Milić, Jela, Krajišnik, Danina, "Permeability and biocompatibility evaluation of olopatadine hydrochloride viscous ophthalmic solutions using in vitro 3D corneal model" in 12th World Meeting on Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, 11-14 May 2021, Vienna, Austria, Virtual meeting (2021),
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_farfar_5481 .

TY  - CONF
AU  - Račić, Anđelka
AU  - Čalija, Bojan
AU  - Milić, Jela
AU  - Dobričić, Vladimir
AU  - Krajišnik, Danina
PY  - 2019
UR  - https://farfar.pharmacy.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/5480
AB  - Ketotifen hidrogenfumarat (KF) je selektivni, nekompetitivni antagonist histamina (H1-
receptori) koji se koristi u lokalnoj terapiji alergijskog rinitisa i konjuktivitisa. Hitozan (H)
i hidroksipropil guar guma (HP GG) su biokompatibilni i biodegradabilni polimeri koji u
oftalmološkim preparatima zahvaljujući povećanju viskoziteta i mukoadhezivnim osobinama,
omogućavaju duži kontakt aktivne supstance sa rožnjačom i poboljšanje bioraspoloživosti.
Cilj ove studije bila su formulaciona i funkcionalna ispitivanja rastvora KF (0,025% m/v) za
oftalmološku primjenu koji sadrže H srednje molekulske mase (0,5% m/v) (uzorak F1), HP GG
(0,25% m/v) (uzorak F2) i njihovu kombinaciju (0,25 % m/v H/0,25% m/v HP GG) (uzorak F3) kao
modifikatore viskoziteta. Oftalmološki rastvori su pripremljeni miješanjem vehikuluma koji su
sadržavali polisaharide i pomoćne supstance (dibazni natrijum-fosfat, boraks i benzalkonijum-
hlorid) sa vodenim rastvorima KF. Izrađenim uzorcima ispitana je pH vrijednost, bistrina,
osmolalnost i sadržaj ljekovite supstance. Reološka karakterizacija sprovedena je na svježim
uzorcima na 20 °C i 34 °C (nakon razblaživanja sa vještačkom suznom tečnosti (VST) u odnosu
40:7) prije i nakon sterilizacije vodenom parom pod pritiskom. Sadržaj KF analiziran je HPLC
metodom.
Za sve ispitivane formulacije pH vrijednost, bistrina i osmolalnost bili su u prihvatljivom opsegu
za oftalmološke preparate. Vrijednosti viskoziteta (pri 20 ºC/100 s-1) bile su u opsegu od 13,2
mPa·s (F1) do 21 mPa·s (F3). Nakon razblaživanja sa VST i procesa sterilizacije, promjene
viskoziteta bile su manje od ±10% u odnosu na početne vrijednosti, za sve ispitivane formulacije.
Sadržaj KF nakon tri mjeseca bio je u opsegu 88-100% kod sterilisanih i nesterilisanih uzoraka.
Uspješno su formulisani viskozni rastvori KF za oftalmološku primjenu koji sadrže modifikatore
viskoziteta tipa polisaharida. Reproduktivni HPLC rezultati ukazuju na stabilnost KF i nakon
sterilizacije. Buduća istraživanja imaće za cilj ispitivanje lijek-polimer interakcija, uticaja izbora
pomoćnih supstanci kao i postupka izrade na funkcionalne karakteristike i stabilnost ispitivanih
rastvora za oftalmološku primjenu.
AB  - Ketotifen hydrogen fumarate (KF) is a selective and non-competitive histamine antagonist (H1-receptor) used topically in the treatment of allergic rhinitis and conjunctivitis. Chitosan (CH) and hydroxypropyl guar gum (HP GG), biocompatible and biodegradable polymers as mucoadhesive and viscosity increasing agents in ophthalmic products enable longer contact of active ingredient and the corneal surface, enhancing its bioavailability. The purpose of this study was formulation and functionality assessment of KF ophthalmic solutions (0.025% w/v) containing medium molecular weight CH (0.5% w/v) (sample F1), HP GG (0.25% w/v) (sample F2) and their combination (0.25% w/v CH/0.25% w/v HP GG) (sample F3) as viscosity modifiers. The ophthalmic solutions were prepared by mixing of solutions containing these polysaccharides, auxiliary substances (dibasic sodium phosphate, borax and benzalkonium chloride) and aqueous solutions of KF. The samples were evaluated for pH, clarity, osmolality and drug content. Rheological characterization was performed on fresh samples at 20 °C and 34 °C (after addition of simulated tear fluid (STF) in a ratio 40:7), before and after steam sterilization. The content of KF was analyzed by HPLC method. The pH, clarity and osmolality of all the tested formulations were within the acceptable range for ophthalmic preparations. The viscosity values (at 20 ºC/100 s-1) were in the range from 13.2 mPa·s (F1) to 21 mPa·s (F3). After dilution with STF and steam sterilization, changes of viscosity deviated less than ±10% compared with initial values for all tested vehicles. The drug content after 3 months was within range 88-100%, for both sterilized and non-sterilized samples. KF was successfully formulated in viscous ophthalmic solutions containing polysaccharidebased viscosity modifiers. Reproducible HPLC data revealed stability of KF after steam sterilization. Future research will be focused on investigations of drug-polymer interactions and influence of auxiliary substances selection alongside with preparation procedure on functional properties and ophthalmic solutions stability.
PB  - Prisma - korporativne komunikacije
PB  - Farmaceutska komora Crne Gore
C3  - Treći kongres farmaceuta Crne Gore sa međunarodnim učešćem, 09. - 12. maj 2019. godine, Budva, Bečići, Crna Gora, Knjiga sažetaka
T1  - Formulaciona i funkcionalna ispitivanja rastvora ketotifen-fumarata za oftalmološku primjenu sa polisaharidnim modifikatorima viskoziteta
T1  - Formulation and functionality assessment of ketotifen fumarate ophthalmic solutions containing polysaccharide-based viscosity modifiers
SP  - 192
EP  - 193
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_farfar_5480
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Račić, Anđelka and Čalija, Bojan and Milić, Jela and Dobričić, Vladimir and Krajišnik, Danina",
year = "2019",
abstract = "Ketotifen hidrogenfumarat (KF) je selektivni, nekompetitivni antagonist histamina (H1-
receptori) koji se koristi u lokalnoj terapiji alergijskog rinitisa i konjuktivitisa. Hitozan (H)
i hidroksipropil guar guma (HP GG) su biokompatibilni i biodegradabilni polimeri koji u
oftalmološkim preparatima zahvaljujući povećanju viskoziteta i mukoadhezivnim osobinama,
omogućavaju duži kontakt aktivne supstance sa rožnjačom i poboljšanje bioraspoloživosti.
Cilj ove studije bila su formulaciona i funkcionalna ispitivanja rastvora KF (0,025% m/v) za
oftalmološku primjenu koji sadrže H srednje molekulske mase (0,5% m/v) (uzorak F1), HP GG
(0,25% m/v) (uzorak F2) i njihovu kombinaciju (0,25 % m/v H/0,25% m/v HP GG) (uzorak F3) kao
modifikatore viskoziteta. Oftalmološki rastvori su pripremljeni miješanjem vehikuluma koji su
sadržavali polisaharide i pomoćne supstance (dibazni natrijum-fosfat, boraks i benzalkonijum-
hlorid) sa vodenim rastvorima KF. Izrađenim uzorcima ispitana je pH vrijednost, bistrina,
osmolalnost i sadržaj ljekovite supstance. Reološka karakterizacija sprovedena je na svježim
uzorcima na 20 °C i 34 °C (nakon razblaživanja sa vještačkom suznom tečnosti (VST) u odnosu
40:7) prije i nakon sterilizacije vodenom parom pod pritiskom. Sadržaj KF analiziran je HPLC
metodom.
Za sve ispitivane formulacije pH vrijednost, bistrina i osmolalnost bili su u prihvatljivom opsegu
za oftalmološke preparate. Vrijednosti viskoziteta (pri 20 ºC/100 s-1) bile su u opsegu od 13,2
mPa·s (F1) do 21 mPa·s (F3). Nakon razblaživanja sa VST i procesa sterilizacije, promjene
viskoziteta bile su manje od ±10% u odnosu na početne vrijednosti, za sve ispitivane formulacije.
Sadržaj KF nakon tri mjeseca bio je u opsegu 88-100% kod sterilisanih i nesterilisanih uzoraka.
Uspješno su formulisani viskozni rastvori KF za oftalmološku primjenu koji sadrže modifikatore
viskoziteta tipa polisaharida. Reproduktivni HPLC rezultati ukazuju na stabilnost KF i nakon
sterilizacije. Buduća istraživanja imaće za cilj ispitivanje lijek-polimer interakcija, uticaja izbora
pomoćnih supstanci kao i postupka izrade na funkcionalne karakteristike i stabilnost ispitivanih
rastvora za oftalmološku primjenu., Ketotifen hydrogen fumarate (KF) is a selective and non-competitive histamine antagonist (H1-receptor) used topically in the treatment of allergic rhinitis and conjunctivitis. Chitosan (CH) and hydroxypropyl guar gum (HP GG), biocompatible and biodegradable polymers as mucoadhesive and viscosity increasing agents in ophthalmic products enable longer contact of active ingredient and the corneal surface, enhancing its bioavailability. The purpose of this study was formulation and functionality assessment of KF ophthalmic solutions (0.025% w/v) containing medium molecular weight CH (0.5% w/v) (sample F1), HP GG (0.25% w/v) (sample F2) and their combination (0.25% w/v CH/0.25% w/v HP GG) (sample F3) as viscosity modifiers. The ophthalmic solutions were prepared by mixing of solutions containing these polysaccharides, auxiliary substances (dibasic sodium phosphate, borax and benzalkonium chloride) and aqueous solutions of KF. The samples were evaluated for pH, clarity, osmolality and drug content. Rheological characterization was performed on fresh samples at 20 °C and 34 °C (after addition of simulated tear fluid (STF) in a ratio 40:7), before and after steam sterilization. The content of KF was analyzed by HPLC method. The pH, clarity and osmolality of all the tested formulations were within the acceptable range for ophthalmic preparations. The viscosity values (at 20 ºC/100 s-1) were in the range from 13.2 mPa·s (F1) to 21 mPa·s (F3). After dilution with STF and steam sterilization, changes of viscosity deviated less than ±10% compared with initial values for all tested vehicles. The drug content after 3 months was within range 88-100%, for both sterilized and non-sterilized samples. KF was successfully formulated in viscous ophthalmic solutions containing polysaccharidebased viscosity modifiers. Reproducible HPLC data revealed stability of KF after steam sterilization. Future research will be focused on investigations of drug-polymer interactions and influence of auxiliary substances selection alongside with preparation procedure on functional properties and ophthalmic solutions stability.",
publisher = "Prisma - korporativne komunikacije, Farmaceutska komora Crne Gore",
journal = "Treći kongres farmaceuta Crne Gore sa međunarodnim učešćem, 09. - 12. maj 2019. godine, Budva, Bečići, Crna Gora, Knjiga sažetaka",
title = "Formulaciona i funkcionalna ispitivanja rastvora ketotifen-fumarata za oftalmološku primjenu sa polisaharidnim modifikatorima viskoziteta, Formulation and functionality assessment of ketotifen fumarate ophthalmic solutions containing polysaccharide-based viscosity modifiers",
pages = "192-193",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_farfar_5480"
}

Račić, A., Čalija, B., Milić, J., Dobričić, V.,& Krajišnik, D.. (2019). Formulaciona i funkcionalna ispitivanja rastvora ketotifen-fumarata za oftalmološku primjenu sa polisaharidnim modifikatorima viskoziteta. in Treći kongres farmaceuta Crne Gore sa međunarodnim učešćem, 09. - 12. maj 2019. godine, Budva, Bečići, Crna Gora, Knjiga sažetaka
Prisma - korporativne komunikacije., 192-193.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_farfar_5480

Račić A, Čalija B, Milić J, Dobričić V, Krajišnik D. Formulaciona i funkcionalna ispitivanja rastvora ketotifen-fumarata za oftalmološku primjenu sa polisaharidnim modifikatorima viskoziteta. in Treći kongres farmaceuta Crne Gore sa međunarodnim učešćem, 09. - 12. maj 2019. godine, Budva, Bečići, Crna Gora, Knjiga sažetaka. 2019;:192-193.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_farfar_5480 .

Račić, Anđelka, Čalija, Bojan, Milić, Jela, Dobričić, Vladimir, Krajišnik, Danina, "Formulaciona i funkcionalna ispitivanja rastvora ketotifen-fumarata za oftalmološku primjenu sa polisaharidnim modifikatorima viskoziteta" in Treći kongres farmaceuta Crne Gore sa međunarodnim učešćem, 09. - 12. maj 2019. godine, Budva, Bečići, Crna Gora, Knjiga sažetaka (2019):192-193,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_farfar_5480 .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Račić, Anđelka
AU  - Čalija, Bojan
AU  - Milić, Jela
AU  - Milasinvić, Nikola
AU  - Krajišnik, Danina
PY  - 2019
UR  - https://farfar.pharmacy.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/3330
AB  - Incorporation of mucoadhesive polymers is one of the first efficient modification of conventional liquid ophthalmic formulations in order to prolong the residence time at ocular surface. The aim of this work was formulation of viscous ophthalmic vehicles/ocular lubricants containing derivative of guar gum, chitosan and cellulose derivatives (hypromellose and hydroxyethylcellulose) alone or in combination. Optimized formulations were developed by choosing appropriate polymer or combination of polymers in suitable concentrations with adequate physicochemical, rheological and mucoadhesive properties. Influence of the addition of simulated tear fluid, steam sterilization and storage on clarity, pH value and rheological properties of different formulations were evaluated. The compounded vehicles were compared with commercially available ocular lubricants containing similar polymers. It was observed that viscosities of commercially available eye drops were above the optimal viscosity range. The mucoadhesive potential of the vehicles, rheological synergism and type of polymermucin interaction were determined. Combination of chitosan and guar gum exhibited optimal physicochemical, rheological and mucoadhesive properties and had a potential for the longest retention time in tear film. Considering the simplicity of its preparation and stability (over a period of one-month storage), this vehicle could be used for extemporaneously compounded ocular preparations for specific needs of individual patients.
PB  - Elsevier Science BV, Amsterdam
T2  - Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology
T1  - Development of polysaccharide-based mucoadhesive ophthalmic lubricating vehicles: The effect of different polymers on physicochemical properties and functionality
VL  - 49
SP  - 50
EP  - 57
DO  - 10.1016/j.jddst.2018.10.034
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Račić, Anđelka and Čalija, Bojan and Milić, Jela and Milasinvić, Nikola and Krajišnik, Danina",
year = "2019",
abstract = "Incorporation of mucoadhesive polymers is one of the first efficient modification of conventional liquid ophthalmic formulations in order to prolong the residence time at ocular surface. The aim of this work was formulation of viscous ophthalmic vehicles/ocular lubricants containing derivative of guar gum, chitosan and cellulose derivatives (hypromellose and hydroxyethylcellulose) alone or in combination. Optimized formulations were developed by choosing appropriate polymer or combination of polymers in suitable concentrations with adequate physicochemical, rheological and mucoadhesive properties. Influence of the addition of simulated tear fluid, steam sterilization and storage on clarity, pH value and rheological properties of different formulations were evaluated. The compounded vehicles were compared with commercially available ocular lubricants containing similar polymers. It was observed that viscosities of commercially available eye drops were above the optimal viscosity range. The mucoadhesive potential of the vehicles, rheological synergism and type of polymermucin interaction were determined. Combination of chitosan and guar gum exhibited optimal physicochemical, rheological and mucoadhesive properties and had a potential for the longest retention time in tear film. Considering the simplicity of its preparation and stability (over a period of one-month storage), this vehicle could be used for extemporaneously compounded ocular preparations for specific needs of individual patients.",
publisher = "Elsevier Science BV, Amsterdam",
journal = "Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology",
title = "Development of polysaccharide-based mucoadhesive ophthalmic lubricating vehicles: The effect of different polymers on physicochemical properties and functionality",
volume = "49",
pages = "50-57",
doi = "10.1016/j.jddst.2018.10.034"
}

Račić, A., Čalija, B., Milić, J., Milasinvić, N.,& Krajišnik, D.. (2019). Development of polysaccharide-based mucoadhesive ophthalmic lubricating vehicles: The effect of different polymers on physicochemical properties and functionality. in Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology
Elsevier Science BV, Amsterdam., 49, 50-57.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jddst.2018.10.034

Račić A, Čalija B, Milić J, Milasinvić N, Krajišnik D. Development of polysaccharide-based mucoadhesive ophthalmic lubricating vehicles: The effect of different polymers on physicochemical properties and functionality. in Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology. 2019;49:50-57.
doi:10.1016/j.jddst.2018.10.034 .

Račić, Anđelka, Čalija, Bojan, Milić, Jela, Milasinvić, Nikola, Krajišnik, Danina, "Development of polysaccharide-based mucoadhesive ophthalmic lubricating vehicles: The effect of different polymers on physicochemical properties and functionality" in Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology, 49 (2019):50-57,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jddst.2018.10.034 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Čalija, Bojan
AU  - Milić, Jela
AU  - Krajišnik, Danina
AU  - Račić, Anđelka
PY  - 2013
UR  - https://farfar.pharmacy.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/2047
AB  - Chitosans are binary linear heteropolysaccharides derived from chitin by its partial deacetylation. Due to unique cationic nature these biopolymers have enormous potential in pharmacy and biomedicine. This potential is improved by their chemical versatility (molecular mass and degree of deacetylation) and possibility of chemical derivatisation. Numerous biological activities of chitosans such as mucoadhesivity, hemostatic, hypocholesterolemic and antimicrobial activity are based on their specific polycationic nature. Gel-forming, cross-linking and polyelectrolyte complex forming ability make chitosans suitable for design of colloidal drug delivery systems, such as dendrimers, liposomes, micelles, micro- and nanoparticles. Chitosans as well as their derivates are used in commercially available wound dressings due to their hemostatic activity and ability to stimulate cell proliferation, tissue regeneration process and mild local analgesic effect. The use of chitosans as dietary supplements has been approved in many countries since their effect on maintenance of normal blood LDL cholesterol concentrations has been confirmed. Chitosan derivatives, such as N-carboxymethyl chitosan are commonly used in cosmetics, due to their gel and film forming ability, pleasant, hydrating, softening, and protecting effect on skin. There is a special interest for use of chitosans in tissue engineering due to their ability to form biocompatible porous tridimensional gel networks, whose porosity and in vivo degradation can be controlled. Lack of registered chitosan based products is a consequence of its unsolved regulatory status. Namely, its chemical versatility may affect biodistribution, biodegradation and toxicological profiles, thus making regulatory approval of chitosans as GRAS materials quite difficult.
AB  - Hitozani su linearni, binarni heteropolisaharidi dobijeni parcijalnom deacetilacijom hitina. Kao katjonski polisaharidi prirodnog porekla imaju veliki potencijal za primenu u oblasti farmacije i biomedicine. Tome dodatno doprinosi njihova strukturna raznovrsnost u pogledu molekulske mase i stepena deacetilacije, ali i mogućnost hemijske derivatizacije. Specifična polikatjonska priroda ovih biopolimera odgovorna je za njihova brojna biološka svojstva poput mukoadhezivnosti, hemostatičnog, antimikrobnog i hipoholesterolemičnog delovanja. Zahvaljujući gelirajućim sposobnostima, mogućnosti umrežavanja i građenja reverzibilnih polielektrolitnih kompleksa sa polianjonima, hitozani se koriste za izradu koloidnih nosača lekovitih supstanci poput dendrimera, liposoma, micela, mikro- i nanočestica. Hitozani i njihovi derivati ulaze u sastav komercijalno dostupnih preparata/sredstava za zarastanje rana zahvaljujući stimulaciji proliferacije ćelija i obnavljanja tkiva, hemostatskom i blagom lokalnom analgetičkom delovanju. Upotreba hitozana kao dodatka ishrani odobrena je u mnogim zemljama, a potvrđen je njihov uticaj na održavanje normalnog nivoa serumskog LDL holesterola. Derivati hitozana, poput N-karboksimetilhitozana koriste se u kozmetičkim proizvodima jer poseduju sposobnosti geliranja i formiranja filma, stvaraju prijatan osećaj na koži, omekšavaju, vlaže i štite kožu od spoljašnjih uticaja. Posebnu pažnju hitozani privlače u oblasti tkivnog inženjerstva zahvaljujući mogućnosti obrazovanja biokompatibilnih poroznih trodimenzionalnih mreža čiju je poroznost i brzinu degradacije u in vivo uslovima moguće kontrolisati. Širu primenu hitozana trenutno ograničava nerešen regulatorni status, jer strukturna raznovrsnost hitozana ima za posledicu razlike u biodistribuciji, biodegradaciji i toksikološkim profilima, što značajno otežava dobijanje GRAS statusa.
PB  - Savez farmaceutskih udruženja Srbije, Beograd
T2  - Arhiv za farmaciju
T1  - Characteristics and application of chitosan in pharmaceutical/biomedical preparations
T1  - Karakteristike i primena hitozana u farmaceutskim/biomedicinskim preparatima
VL  - 63
IS  - 4
SP  - 347
EP  - 364
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_farfar_2047
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Čalija, Bojan and Milić, Jela and Krajišnik, Danina and Račić, Anđelka",
year = "2013",
abstract = "Chitosans are binary linear heteropolysaccharides derived from chitin by its partial deacetylation. Due to unique cationic nature these biopolymers have enormous potential in pharmacy and biomedicine. This potential is improved by their chemical versatility (molecular mass and degree of deacetylation) and possibility of chemical derivatisation. Numerous biological activities of chitosans such as mucoadhesivity, hemostatic, hypocholesterolemic and antimicrobial activity are based on their specific polycationic nature. Gel-forming, cross-linking and polyelectrolyte complex forming ability make chitosans suitable for design of colloidal drug delivery systems, such as dendrimers, liposomes, micelles, micro- and nanoparticles. Chitosans as well as their derivates are used in commercially available wound dressings due to their hemostatic activity and ability to stimulate cell proliferation, tissue regeneration process and mild local analgesic effect. The use of chitosans as dietary supplements has been approved in many countries since their effect on maintenance of normal blood LDL cholesterol concentrations has been confirmed. Chitosan derivatives, such as N-carboxymethyl chitosan are commonly used in cosmetics, due to their gel and film forming ability, pleasant, hydrating, softening, and protecting effect on skin. There is a special interest for use of chitosans in tissue engineering due to their ability to form biocompatible porous tridimensional gel networks, whose porosity and in vivo degradation can be controlled. Lack of registered chitosan based products is a consequence of its unsolved regulatory status. Namely, its chemical versatility may affect biodistribution, biodegradation and toxicological profiles, thus making regulatory approval of chitosans as GRAS materials quite difficult., Hitozani su linearni, binarni heteropolisaharidi dobijeni parcijalnom deacetilacijom hitina. Kao katjonski polisaharidi prirodnog porekla imaju veliki potencijal za primenu u oblasti farmacije i biomedicine. Tome dodatno doprinosi njihova strukturna raznovrsnost u pogledu molekulske mase i stepena deacetilacije, ali i mogućnost hemijske derivatizacije. Specifična polikatjonska priroda ovih biopolimera odgovorna je za njihova brojna biološka svojstva poput mukoadhezivnosti, hemostatičnog, antimikrobnog i hipoholesterolemičnog delovanja. Zahvaljujući gelirajućim sposobnostima, mogućnosti umrežavanja i građenja reverzibilnih polielektrolitnih kompleksa sa polianjonima, hitozani se koriste za izradu koloidnih nosača lekovitih supstanci poput dendrimera, liposoma, micela, mikro- i nanočestica. Hitozani i njihovi derivati ulaze u sastav komercijalno dostupnih preparata/sredstava za zarastanje rana zahvaljujući stimulaciji proliferacije ćelija i obnavljanja tkiva, hemostatskom i blagom lokalnom analgetičkom delovanju. Upotreba hitozana kao dodatka ishrani odobrena je u mnogim zemljama, a potvrđen je njihov uticaj na održavanje normalnog nivoa serumskog LDL holesterola. Derivati hitozana, poput N-karboksimetilhitozana koriste se u kozmetičkim proizvodima jer poseduju sposobnosti geliranja i formiranja filma, stvaraju prijatan osećaj na koži, omekšavaju, vlaže i štite kožu od spoljašnjih uticaja. Posebnu pažnju hitozani privlače u oblasti tkivnog inženjerstva zahvaljujući mogućnosti obrazovanja biokompatibilnih poroznih trodimenzionalnih mreža čiju je poroznost i brzinu degradacije u in vivo uslovima moguće kontrolisati. Širu primenu hitozana trenutno ograničava nerešen regulatorni status, jer strukturna raznovrsnost hitozana ima za posledicu razlike u biodistribuciji, biodegradaciji i toksikološkim profilima, što značajno otežava dobijanje GRAS statusa.",
publisher = "Savez farmaceutskih udruženja Srbije, Beograd",
journal = "Arhiv za farmaciju",
title = "Characteristics and application of chitosan in pharmaceutical/biomedical preparations, Karakteristike i primena hitozana u farmaceutskim/biomedicinskim preparatima",
volume = "63",
number = "4",
pages = "347-364",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_farfar_2047"
}

Čalija, B., Milić, J., Krajišnik, D.,& Račić, A.. (2013). Characteristics and application of chitosan in pharmaceutical/biomedical preparations. in Arhiv za farmaciju
Savez farmaceutskih udruženja Srbije, Beograd., 63(4), 347-364.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_farfar_2047

Čalija B, Milić J, Krajišnik D, Račić A. Characteristics and application of chitosan in pharmaceutical/biomedical preparations. in Arhiv za farmaciju. 2013;63(4):347-364.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_farfar_2047 .

Čalija, Bojan, Milić, Jela, Krajišnik, Danina, Račić, Anđelka, "Characteristics and application of chitosan in pharmaceutical/biomedical preparations" in Arhiv za farmaciju, 63, no. 4 (2013):347-364,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_farfar_2047 .